Valiollah Kashani; Mansoreh Azari; Ahmad Nikravan
Abstract
The special skill is highly specific skill embedded within a more general class of skills or, as a dictionary definition would suggest, an exception to the rule. The present study attempted to investigate the emergence of especial skill in shooting with air gun at two skill levels (skilled, novice). ...
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The special skill is highly specific skill embedded within a more general class of skills or, as a dictionary definition would suggest, an exception to the rule. The present study attempted to investigate the emergence of especial skill in shooting with air gun at two skill levels (skilled, novice). The population studied here included all male and female shooters from the city of Semnan. The study was conducted on a sample of 40 shooters, consisting of two groups of women with the mean age of M= 21.33 and two groups of men with the mean age of M= 23.44, who performed shooting with air gun at five distances (8, 9, 10, 11, 12 meters) from the target. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables, and figures) as well as inferential statistics (regression and one-way analysis of variance). Simple linear regression with the significance level P
valiollah Kashani; Mohamad Ali Salianeh; Asie Paran Davaji
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of causes of re-injury worry scale. A final version of this scale in injured athletes was translated and developed based on the feedbacks provided by experts in sport sciences and 195 athletes who had experienced injury ...
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The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of causes of re-injury worry scale. A final version of this scale in injured athletes was translated and developed based on the feedbacks provided by experts in sport sciences and 195 athletes who had experienced injury were selected by cluster random sampling method. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC)) and descriptive statistics. The findings indicated good fit of the CFA model over the Persian version of this scale. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and ICC demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and temporal validity of this scale. Proper translation and selecting a heterogeneous sample may have contributed to the good fit of the CFA model.
Valiollah Kashani; Mansoureh Mokaberian; Behroz Gol Mohamadi; Mohammadreza Salmanzade
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determinate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly. The final version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly was retranslated and developed based on the viewpoints of experts in elderly studies. 100 elderly men and women were ...
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The aim of this study was to determinate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly. The final version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly was retranslated and developed based on the viewpoints of experts in elderly studies. 100 elderly men and women were voluntarily selected from Hakim Elahi nursing home in Semnan city. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to examine factorial and construct validity and internal consistency respectively. Findings indicated good fit of the factor analysis model over the Persian version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly. In addition, the results of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated the acceptable internal consistency of this tool. Proper translation and selecting a heterogeneous sample may have contributed to the good fit of the factor analysis model.
Behrouz Golmohammadi; Valiollah Kashani; Amin Khosravi
Abstract
Relaxation is a way of improving performance that can generally be classified as physical and mental relaxation. The mental relaxation technique is often named as the technique of mind to the body since the purpose of these techniques is to provide relaxation through the mind. The aim of the present ...
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Relaxation is a way of improving performance that can generally be classified as physical and mental relaxation. The mental relaxation technique is often named as the technique of mind to the body since the purpose of these techniques is to provide relaxation through the mind. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect a period of relaxation program (body to mind and mind to body) on the performance of semi-skilled football players. For this purpose, 39 players were selected and divided randomly into three groups: progressive muscle relaxation, creative visualization, and control. Before the interventions, a pretest was conducted by the observational method. In this relaxation program, subjects underwent two different types of relaxation after football training for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed the significant effect of progressive muscle relaxation and creative visualization on maintaining and controlling the ball, accurately passing, accurately taking the ball from the opponent and overall players’ performance. In addition, the athletes who used progressive muscle relaxation had better performance than those who used creative visualization. In general, the methods of the body to mind and mind to body relaxation can each serve as an independent way to improve the performance of athletes, but the implementation of mind to body relaxation, such as the visualization of creativity, is more effective at skills that require more precision and concentration.
Valiollah Kashani; Mahshid Babaei; Behrouz Gol Mohammadi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire so that the flow performance in computer gamers can be evaluated. 400 gamers (237 males; 163 females) were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed the Persian ...
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The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire so that the flow performance in computer gamers can be evaluated. 400 gamers (237 males; 163 females) were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire. In the first step, translation accuracy of the Persian version was confirmed through back translation method. Then, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations model was used to determine construct validity while Cronbach alpha coefficient was applied to determine internal consistency. Intra-class correlation in test-retest method was administered for temporal reliability of the items. The results indicated acceptable fit indices (CFI=0.92, TLI=0.75, RMSEA=0.062), internal consistency (ɑ=0.75) and temporal reliability (ICC=0.85) for the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Game Questionnaire. The results supported the multifactor structure and 23 items of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire. Therefore, the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Game Questionnaire has an acceptable validity and reliability among computer gamers and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the flow performance of these gamers in Iran.
Vali Ollah Kashani; Mansoureh Mokaberian; Elahe Mostafaifar
Abstract
Mindfulness is a cognitive process during which the mindful persons focus their attention to experience feelings and incidents happening in the present moment within or around themselves. The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of Mindfulness Inventory ...
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Mindfulness is a cognitive process during which the mindful persons focus their attention to experience feelings and incidents happening in the present moment within or around themselves. The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of Mindfulness Inventory for Sport. For this purpose, 150 athletes with different levels of skills in 7 sport fields, individual and team, were selected by cluster random sampling method and completed the Persian version of this inventory. The method of the research was as follows: firstly, using translation-back translation method, translate accuracy of the Persian version of this inventory was confirmed. Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine construct validity of this Persian version. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency and intra-class correlation coefficient under test-retest method was used to study temporal reliability of items. The results showed that first-order (RMSEA=0.042, CFI=0.97 and TLI=0.96) and second-order (RMSEA=0.042, CFI=0.97 and TLI=0.96) confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach alpha coefficients (ɑ=0.79) and intra-class correlation (0.85) of the Persian version of Mindfulness Inventory for Sport supported 3-factor and 15-item structure of this inventory and confirmed validity and reliability of this inventory.
Ahmad Nikravan; Valiollah Kashani; Elahe Mostafaifar
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of sleep deprivation and retroactive interference on offline learning in tennis simulated game. Based on the questionnaires related to the variables under study, 50 female students of Semnan University (age range 19-25 years) were selected as the sample ...
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This study aimed at investigating the effect of sleep deprivation and retroactive interference on offline learning in tennis simulated game. Based on the questionnaires related to the variables under study, 50 female students of Semnan University (age range 19-25 years) were selected as the sample and divided into 5 groups: perfect sleep, sleep deprivation, perfect sleep and retroactive interference, sleep deprivation and retroactive intervention and training with rest interval less than 1 hour. A tennis simulated game (with rules and scoring similar to a real game) was performed to measure offline learning. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures were used for inferential statistics at a significance level (P≤0.05). The results showed that the differences in offline learning (Sig=0.001) and retention scores (Sig=0.001) were significant among the research groups. In those groups with sufficient rest intervals between each two sessions and full rest, the level of their performance was higher in the next day than the previous day. Opposite effects were observed with sleep deprivation and retroactive interference. Therefore, those who are learning a skill should pay attention to their daily activities and sleep patterns to prevent a disruption to skill learning and to take advantage of their practices.
Valiollah Kashani; Mohammad Ali Soltanian; Fatemeh Najari Ardestani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties and to normalize Persian version of the Self Talk Questionnaire. 384 male and female athletes in three skill levels and 10 sport fields (team and individual) were selected and completed the Persian version of the Self Talk Questionnaire. ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties and to normalize Persian version of the Self Talk Questionnaire. 384 male and female athletes in three skill levels and 10 sport fields (team and individual) were selected and completed the Persian version of the Self Talk Questionnaire. At first, face validity of this questionnaire was confirmed with translation-back translation method. For construct validity, internal constancy and temporal stability, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient were used respectively. The results showed acceptable fit of the 11-item model of Self Talk Questionnaire; fit index (RMSEA, 0.07; CFI, 0.98 & TLI, 0.97), internal consistency (motivational, 0.70; cognitive, 0.70 & total, 0.73) and temporal stability (motivational, 0.89; cognitive, 0.92 & total, 0.89) showed good reliability and validity of the Persian version of this questionnaire. These findings indicated good validity and reliability for the Persian version of Self Talk Questionnaire. Therefore, the Persian version of Self Talk Questionnaire can be employed as a suitable tool to study and evaluate self talk of Iranian male and female athletes.
Valiollah Kashani; Fateme Dehestani
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire in male and female athletes. For this purpose, 281 athletes at different skill levels in 25 team and individual sports were selected through cluster random sampling method ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire in male and female athletes. For this purpose, 281 athletes at different skill levels in 25 team and individual sports were selected through cluster random sampling method and were asked to complete the Persian version of this questionnaire. Firstly, the accuracy of the translation was verified using back translation method. In addition, to determine questionnaire’s construct validity, SEM-based confirmatory factor analysis was used. Cronbach alpha coefficient was applied to examine internal consistency and test-retest intra-class correlation coefficient was used to investigate temporal reliability. The fitness indexes indicated proper fit of factor structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the Cronbach alpha coefficients for task conflict, social conflict and the whole questionnaire were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.90 respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient for all factors and the whole questionnaire were acceptable (ɑ≥0.70). The findings, therefore, supported the two-factor 14-item structure of the questionnaire. Thus, the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire enjoyed an acceptable validity and reliability among Iranian athletes.
Mansoureh Mokaberian; Valiollah Kashani; Kobra Kashani; Somayeh Namdar Tajari
Abstract
This study attempted to evaluate the effect of engagement with physical activityon happiness of elderly men and women in Tehran city. The study populationincluded all the elderly in 22 regions of Tehran city and 400 subjects were selectedby multistage cluster sampling method as the sample of the study. ...
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This study attempted to evaluate the effect of engagement with physical activityon happiness of elderly men and women in Tehran city. The study populationincluded all the elderly in 22 regions of Tehran city and 400 subjects were selectedby multistage cluster sampling method as the sample of the study. To discriminateactive from inactive elderly subjects, Sharkey Physical Activity Questionnaire andto determine the amount of their happiness, Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI)was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. Allparticipants were more than 60 years old and had no psychological and physicaldisorders. After the questionnaires had been distributed and then collected and theraw data had been classified, SPSS13 software was used to analyze the data. Theresults of MANOVA at (P<0.0071) showed that active subjects significantly gainedhigher scores in all the happiness subscales such as life satisfaction, joy, selfesteem,control, efficiency, calmness and totally happiness than inactive subjectswhile gender and interaction of gender and activity level did not have anysignificant effect on happiness. Therefore, it can be stated that one of the factorsinfluencing happiness in the elderly is physical activity.
