Farzad Maleki; Mahmood Sheikh; Fazlallah Bagherzadeh; Rasoul Hemayattalab
Abstract
Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effect of physical training and selective and compulsory observational pattern on the intrinsic motivation and cognitive learning of basketball jump shot skill with the approach of basic psychological demands.Methods: Eighty male students (18-22 years ...
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Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effect of physical training and selective and compulsory observational pattern on the intrinsic motivation and cognitive learning of basketball jump shot skill with the approach of basic psychological demands.Methods: Eighty male students (18-22 years old) were selected voluntarily and based on their pre-test scores, were randomly divided into four Self-Control, Paired, Experimenter-Control, and Control groups (20 people in each group). To examine the motivation level, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), and to examine the cognitive learning level, Recall Questionnaire (adapted from Knudson, 1993) was used. An educational video of the expert model that showed the movement components was presented to the participants. A retention test was conducted 24 hours later. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the data (p≥0.05).Results: The results showed that in the acquisition phase, the level of intrinsic motivation of the participants to learn the basketball jump shot skill in the Self-Control observation condition was significantly higher than the participants in the Paired and Control conditions. Also, in the retention phase, the level of intrinsic motivation in the Self-Control observation condition was significantly higher than in other experimental conditions. In addition, in the acquisition and retention phases of cognitive learning (recall success), the participants in the Self-Control observation condition scored significantly higher than the participants in the Paired and Control conditions.Conclusion: In general, the results of this study show that motivation affects learning. Also, task demonstration as a whole-part-whole is an effective and efficient method in the cognitive phase.
Ali Kashi; Manhood Sheikh; Asghar Dadkhah; Rasool Hemayattalab; Elahe Arabameri
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of selective exercise training on reducing the symptom of hypotonia and changing body composition in Down syndrome adults. The research was performed in Nemoneh Disability Rehabilitation Centre of Tehran. 24 men with Down syndrome (mean age 26.185± ...
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The aim of this research was to determine the effect of selective exercise training on reducing the symptom of hypotonia and changing body composition in Down syndrome adults. The research was performed in Nemoneh Disability Rehabilitation Centre of Tehran. 24 men with Down syndrome (mean age 26.185± 3.933) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=11) or an experimental group (n=13). The Experimental groups followed selective exercise training for 12-weeks, three times a week. Result of this research showed that after 12 weeks selective exercise training, body fat percent had a significant reduction (P<0.05) and soft lean mass and muscle performance (in 5 from 6 tests for assess muscle strength, endurance and power) had a significant increase (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that this type of exercise training significantly improves the health of Down syndrome adults by reduce in extra body fat percent and increase in muscles tissue and performance and in this way; it will reduce the symptoms of Down syndrome for benefit of improved physical health.
