Hossein Heydari; Rokhsareh Badami; Zohreh Meshkati
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction and Purpose: the purpose of the current study was to examine the comparison of the effect of sports vision training with and without inline hockey specific context on the speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players.Methods: In this semi experimental study, which was ...
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AbstractIntroduction and Purpose: the purpose of the current study was to examine the comparison of the effect of sports vision training with and without inline hockey specific context on the speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players.Methods: In this semi experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design with a one- and four-week follow-up period, 60 novice male hockey players with an age range of 15 to For 20 years, they were accessibility selected and randomly divided into three groups: sports vision training with hockey specific context, sports vision training without hockey specific context and hockey specific context training. In the pre-test phase, the participants performed the desired tests (speed and whole body reaction time). The intervention phase lasted for nine weeks and 2 sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes, in which the groups did the relevant exercises. In the post-test phase, which was performed exactly after the last training session, and in the follow-up phase, which was performed after one and four weeks of non-training, the participants performed the desired tests as in the pre-test phase. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that sports vision exercises with and without hockey specific context and hockey specific context exercises have a significant effect on improving speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players. Other results indicated that superiority (greater effect size) of sports vision exercises with hockey specific context compared to other exercises.
Nayereh Shamshiri; Zohreh Meshkati; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sport vision training on accuracy and targeting-interceptive skill quiet eye in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning ...
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Introduction and Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sport vision training on accuracy and targeting-interceptive skill quiet eye in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning disorder were divided into sport vision and control groups. In the pre-test phase, participants performed 10 trails to throw and catch task the ball. Acquisition phase have done in eight weeks and three sessions in per weeks. At the end of the last training session, in the post-test phase, in two weeks of detraining in the retention and transfer phases, the participants performed 10 trials to throw and catch task the ball. At each phase, the gaze behavior was recorded by eye tracker system and the throw and catch task performance was recorded by the researcher. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures with 0.05 significant levels.Results: The results indicated that sport vision training has a significant effect on increasing the accuracy of targeting-interceptive skills and on increase quiet eye period of throw phase. But, other result indicated that sport vision training has not effect on quiet eye of catching phase.Conclusion: In general, the results of the current study emphasize the importance of sports vision training on the performance of children with learning disabilities; However, more research is needed on the effect of sports vision training on gaze behavior according to the type of task (targeting or interceptive).
Nayereh Shamshiri; Zohreh Meshkati; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
Introduction: Children with learning disorder have more inefficient use of gaze strategies in various tasks.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on muscle activity and targeting-interceptive skill accuracy in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this ...
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Introduction: Children with learning disorder have more inefficient use of gaze strategies in various tasks.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on muscle activity and targeting-interceptive skill accuracy in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning disorder were divided into quiet eye and control groups . In the pre-test phase, participants performed 10 trails to throw and catch task the ball. Acquisition phase have done in eight weeks and three sessions in per weeks. In per session after the video-gaze exercises, 10 trials were performed to throw and catch task in accordance with the gaze exercises instructions. At the end of the last training session, in the post-test phase, in two weeks of detraining in the retention and transfer phases, the participants performed 10 trials to throw and catch task the ball. At each phase, the selected muscle electrical activity was recorded by electromyography and the throw and catch task performance was recorded by the researcher. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures with 0.05 significant levels.Results: The results indicated that quiet eye training have a significant effect on increasing the learning of targeting-interceptive skills and on reducing the muscles electrical activity.Conclusion: The results of this study support the pre-programming hypothesis on the importance of planning and choosing the correct answer.
Roya Mahdipour; Mahdi Namazizadeh; Rokhsareh Badami; Hamid Mirhosseini
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of vision and motor cortex on learning of basketball free throw skill. In this semi-experimental study with repeated measure research design, 45 female students novice at basketball free throw ...
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The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of vision and motor cortex on learning of basketball free throw skill. In this semi-experimental study with repeated measure research design, 45 female students novice at basketball free throw were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (each group 15 subjects): tDCS on vision cortex, tDCS on motor cortex and artificial stimulation. In pretest phase, participants had 15 basketball free throws. Intervention phase was performed in 6 consecutive days; firstly, electrical stimulation of the brain was daily performed from the motor cortex (C3 anode and Fp2 cathode), the visual cortex (Oz anode and Cz cathode) and artificial stimulation, and then participants performed 15 free basketball throws. In last session, posttest phase was carried out. One week and 21 days after the posttest phase, short-term and long-term retention phase was performed. Data were analyzed with mixed ANOVA. The results indicated that tDCS on motor cortex (F=16.908, sig=0.0001, η2 =0.547) and vision cortex (F=7.41, sig=0.001, η2=0.346) improved basketball free throw. Other results indicated that tDCS on motor cortex improved basketball free throw more than tDCS on vision cortex (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of the current study indicated that tDCS on motor cortex can be effective as a new training method in addition to physical training to improve basketball free throw skill.
Malihe Rezae; Maryam Nezakatalhosseini; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of shadow play on preschool children's fundamental movement skills. In this quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design and a control group, 28 girls and boys (6 years old) were selected by convenience sampling method from ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of shadow play on preschool children's fundamental movement skills. In this quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design and a control group, 28 girls and boys (6 years old) were selected by convenience sampling method from children in a preschool and were randomly divided into the experimental group (5 girls & 9 boys) and the control group (5 girls & 9 boys). For 10 weeks (three 45-minute sessions), the experimental group performed the shadow play and the control group had their routine activities of preschool. The pretest and the posttest were administered by "the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Test (M-ABC)". This test consisted of three subtests of manual dexterity, ball skills and balance skills. Analysis of data was performed by covariance analysis (α=0.05). The results showed that 10 weeks of shadow play had a significant effect on subtests of manual dexterity, balance skills and the total score of fundamental skills but had no significant effects on ball skills. Findings of this study showed that shadow play may improve preschool children's fundamental movement skills.
Abas Akbari Varzaneh; Rokhsareh Badami; Mehdi Namazizadeh
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on learning an aiming task in closed and open environments based on fuzzy and classic logics. 60 male students with an age range of 16-17 were assigned to four groups (each group 15 subjects): ...
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The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on learning an aiming task in closed and open environments based on fuzzy and classic logics. 60 male students with an age range of 16-17 were assigned to four groups (each group 15 subjects): field-independent with classic approach, field-dependent with classic approach, field-independent with fuzzy approach and field-dependent with fuzzy approach. Participants in each group had basketball pass test in both open and closed environments. The acquisition phase consisted of six sessions and 60 trials in 6 blocks of 10 trials were performed in each session. The transfer test was conducted one day and retention test was carried out one week after the acquisition phase. The results of this study indicated a significant difference between field-independent and field-dependent with classic approach in both closed and open environments, and field-independent participants had a better performance during all stages of the test (acquisition, retention, and transfer). But, no significant differences were observed between field-independent and field-dependent with fuzzy approach. However, the comparison of means indicated that field-independent participants had better performance in closed environments, and, field-dependent participants had better performance in open environments.
Zohre Farnaghi; Rokhsareh Badami; Maryam Nezakatalhossaini
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of handedness and two practice types (explicit vs. implicit) on motor sequence learning. 60 girls (age range of 14 – 17 years old) were randomly assigned to four groups according to their handedness: right–handed-explicit, right–handed–implicit, ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of handedness and two practice types (explicit vs. implicit) on motor sequence learning. 60 girls (age range of 14 – 17 years old) were randomly assigned to four groups according to their handedness: right–handed-explicit, right–handed–implicit, left–handed-explicit, and left–handed-implicit. Participants’ task was accuracy and time of sequential reaction. Acquisition phase consisted of 800 practice trials. Participants in explicit practice groups were aware of the arrangement included in stimuli while implicit practice groups were not informed about this arrangement. The day after the acquisition phase, retention and transfer tests were taken. Multiple ANOVA showed that regardless of handedness, implicit practice had more effects on learning reaction time in all three phases of acquisition, retention, and transfer than explicit practice. Regardless of practice type, comparison of right–handed and left–handed subjects was significant in response accuracy in acquisition phase as left–handed subjects were more accurate. The counter effect of handedness and practice type on reaction time and response accuracy was not significant, that is to say right–handed and left–handed subjects had no significant differences in explicit and implicit practice.
Rokhsareh Badami; Maryam Nezakatalhossaini; Fahimehi Rajab; Mansoore Jafari
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test (M-ABC Test) for 6-year-old children of Isfahan city. 306 children participated in the study. Inter-rater reliability of the M-ABC test was estimated using two trained ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test (M-ABC Test) for 6-year-old children of Isfahan city. 306 children participated in the study. Inter-rater reliability of the M-ABC test was estimated using two trained observers with 50 children. Test–retest reliability was assessed using 30 children with a one-week interval. To determine construct validity of this test, explanatory and confirmatory factors analyses were used. Agreement between testers was great with a mean intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.98. The mean intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.77 was obtained for test–retest reliability. Three-factor structure of M-ABC test and proper assignment of skills to manual dexterity, ball skill and balance factors were supported for this population. The According to these results, M-ABC test can be applied to assess fundamental skills of 6-year-old children of Isfahan city.
Rokhsareh Badami; Maryam Nezakatalhosseini; Fahime Rajabi; Mansoore Jafari
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of body mass index (BMI) on fundamental motor skills in 6-year-old children of Isfahan city. For this purpose, fundamental motor skills of 19 underweight children (grade 3 thinness) and 19 children with normal weight and 19 overweight ...
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The present study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of body mass index (BMI) on fundamental motor skills in 6-year-old children of Isfahan city. For this purpose, fundamental motor skills of 19 underweight children (grade 3 thinness) and 19 children with normal weight and 19 overweight children who were matched according to their gender and socioeconomic background were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC). Among 8 items of M-ABC, normal weight and overweight children differed on only one-leg balance with preferred leg and normal weight and underweight children differed on only walking heels raised item. However, the total motor impairment score which was calculated by the summation of the 8 item scores was higher in underweight and overweight children than their normal weight peers.
