Raziyeh Khanmohamadi; Hasan Khalaji; Alireza Bahramy
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different sport fields, different training levels and their interactive effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of adolescent female athletes. The population consisted of all adolescent female athletes (aged 17-9) in gymnastics, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different sport fields, different training levels and their interactive effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of adolescent female athletes. The population consisted of all adolescent female athletes (aged 17-9) in gymnastics, volleyball and table tennis in Arak city and the sample included 49 gymnasts, 82 volleyball players and 38 table tennis players who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the physical activity questionnaire for adolescent (PAQ-A), the Tanner Table and bioelectric resistance method. To analyze the data, covariance analysis at (P≤0.05) was used. The findings showed that different sport fields had significant effects on indicators of height, leg length and fat (P˂0.05). Different training levels had significant effects on indicators of fat (P≤0.05). The interactive effect of different sport fields and different training levels had no significant effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation (P≥0.05). It was concluded that athletes enter these three sport fields when their growth characteristics are proportional to the needs of that field. Also, maximum 10 hours of exercise training per week have no adverse effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of athletes.
Daryoosh Khajavi; Razieh Khanmohamadi
Abstract
Physical activity has physiological, psychological, and social positive effects. However, the relationship between physical activities and depression of the elderly in the country is unknown. This study was designed to examine the relationship between physical activity and depression. The statistical ...
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Physical activity has physiological, psychological, and social positive effects. However, the relationship between physical activities and depression of the elderly in the country is unknown. This study was designed to examine the relationship between physical activity and depression. The statistical population consisted of the elderly of Arak city in 2013 and 263 subjects participate in the study. Data were collected with demographic characteristics questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale-short form, and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) and analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis, t test, ANCOVA test with SPSS-16 software. Findings indicated a significant relationship between depression and age, employment, fall history, economic status, physical activity, education, perceived health (P≤0.05). Variables of physical activity, fall history in the past year, economic status, and perceived health predicted depression (R2=0.358; P≤0.05). Mean score of physical activity in the male elderly was significantly higher than their female counterparts, and mean score of physical activity in 60-69-year-old group was significantly higher than their counterparts in 70-79 and ≤ 80-year-old groups (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences between age and gender and mean score of depression. These findings emphasize the importance of the effect of physical activity on depression in the elderly.
