Saeed Nazari Kakavandi; Alireza Saberi Kakhki; Hamidreza Taheri Torbati; Hassan Rohbanfard
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the errorless, errorful and random practice schedules on the acquisition and learning of relative timing in a motor task. 51 male students (age: 22±4 years old) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (control, errorful, errorless, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the errorless, errorful and random practice schedules on the acquisition and learning of relative timing in a motor task. 51 male students (age: 22±4 years old) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (control, errorful, errorless, and random). This study was carried out in five phases: pretest (PRT), acquisition (ACQ), 10-min retention and transfer and 24-hour retention and transfer. In the acquisition phase, a timing task with three different difficulty levels (simple, moderate, and difficult) was practiced in three sessions of 45 trials with feedback by experimental groups. In order to analyze the data, a mixed-design analysis of variance model with repeated measures on each variable was used in the acquisition and retention phases. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in the other phases. The findings of relative timing showed no significant differences among the groups in the pretest (P˃0.05). Additionally, in retention and transfer tests, errorless group had better performance than errorful, random and control groups (P≤0.05). Errorless group performed better than the random and errorful groups in 24-hour transfer test of the secondary task (P≤0.05). These results showed that practice in errorless conditions leads to a better learning of the task and its generalization to new conditions that are consistent with the implicit learning and reinvestment theories
Morteza Homayonnia; Alireza Homayoni; Mahmoud Sheikh; Saeid Nazari
Abstract
Researchers use resiliency for people who do not show undesirable consequences in terrible and unsafe conditions. Resiliency is often referred to constructive and positive compatibility in order to deal with problems. As athletes cannot cope with their defeats most of the time, they should study ...
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Researchers use resiliency for people who do not show undesirable consequences in terrible and unsafe conditions. Resiliency is often referred to constructive and positive compatibility in order to deal with problems. As athletes cannot cope with their defeats most of the time, they should study this issue and its interaction and acquisition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and the resiliency in Iranian premier league wrestlers. For this purpose, 80 Iranian premier league wrestlers participated in this study. They were asked to fill out the Persian version of Schutte self–report EI test (SSREIT) and Connor and Davidson resiliency (CD–RISC 2) questionnaire. Mean age of all athletes was 23.8 with standard deviation of 2.85. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the overall scores of EI and resiliency (P<0.01). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the subscales of EI and resiliency (P<0.01). Simultaneous regression analysis results showed that the subscale of perception and expression of emotions had a significant contribution towards explaining and predicting resiliency (P<0.01). Emotion regulation subscale significantly predicted resiliency (P<0.01). Overall, it can be concluded that EI is an effective factor in predicting and improving resiliency of the Iranian premier league athletes and wrestlers and it can increase resiliency of athletes.
