Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale in athletes. The original scale had 7 subscales and 29 items in 5-point Likert Scale. 300 questionnaires were completed by 19-34-year-old athletes (%62.2 male, %37.8 female with the mean age of 24.4 years old) who took part in different sport fields. To assess the construct validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Interclass correlation coefficient was also used to examine temporal reliability. The results showed that the Persian version of PSIAS supported the main framework. The validity and reliability of the Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale with 28 items (item 24 was omitted) were confirmed. According to the obtained results, the Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale can be recommended as a reliable and valid tool to assess the type and amount of athletes’ anxiety of sport injuries.

Abstract The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) is the most widely used instrument to measure competitive anxiety in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 regarding intensity, direction, and frequency dimensions. The original form included 27 questions and 3 subscales including somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. 356 questionnaires were completed by 16-34-year-old athletes who took part in different sport fields. Five competing models were used to estimate construct validity of the inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to contrast the proposed models. The inventory reliability was calculated using the internal consistency method. To examine temporal reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient was applied using test–retest method. The results showed that the Persian version of the inventory supported the 16-item 3-factor model in intensity, direction, and frequency dimensions; thus, validity and reliability of the inventory were confirmed. In conclusion, Persian version of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 with 16 items is recommended to measure athletes' state competitive anxiety.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of
balance performance clinical tests for hearing impaired persons with moderate
hearing level. In this descriptive-survey study with repeated measures, 220 hearing
impaired subjects with normal intelligence and moderate hearing level were
selected as the statistical sample from all deaf and hearing impaired subjects who
had participated in national competitions in Arak city. The scale (3) of Cattell
Culture Fair Intelligence Test and motor performance clinical tests were used to
collect the data. After checking the date normality, data were analyzed with intraclass
and interclass correlation coefficients and factor analysis tests. The results
revealed that finger-to-noise test with dominant hand (ICC=0.79), and with nondominant
hand (ICC=0.81), time-up and go test (ICC=0.76), and tandem gait test
(ICC=0.87) were reliable. But, the dominant and non-dominant single leg stance
tests with open and closed eyes were not reliable (ICC<0.75). The validity of
balance performance clinical tests was confirmed with factor analysis test. Overall,
the finger-to-noise with dominant and non-dominant hand, the time-up and go, and
the tandem gait tests were the most stable tests to assess balance and coordination
of hearing impaired participants.

Abstract The postural control system is a complex motor system which is formed based
on an interaction of different dynamic processes and many laboratory techniques
recognize performance disorders using a wide range of neurological signs and
symptoms. The present research aimed to assess the reliability of commonly used
clinical measures of balance and to investigate the effect of age, height, weight and
BMI on performing clinical balance tests. For this purpose, 133 participants (age
range 18-59 yr) who had at least 3 sessions of sport activity per week, participated
in this research. Clinical balance tests included finger-to-nose (FTN), single leg
stance (SLS), tandem stance and time-up-and-go (TUG). The results showed that
the first performance of each three trials was slower. The relationship between
some factors and these balance tests were examined. The results revealed that FTN
and TUG especially TUG test were the most stable measure to assess sports
related concussion

Abstract Success is satisfactory for any athlete. However, some athletes will face anxiety
in novel circumstances and fear of future will prevent them from improving. Fear
of failure is accompanied with stress and adaptation to stress is the most important
issue for an effective decision. The aim of this study was to examine validity and
reliability of performance failure appraisal inventory (PFAI). For this purpose,
203 athlete university students (93 women and 110 men who aged between 19 and
23 with the physical activity record 7.70±4.4) completed PFAI. Confirmatory
factor analysis was used to examine construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha
coefficient to examine internal consistency of the items of each factor, and Pearson
correlation coefficient to examine inter-factor reliability. Results of confirmatory
factor analysis confirmed five factors in PFAI: fear of devaluing one’s self-esteem
(4 items), fear of an uncertain future (4 items), fear of upsetting important
individuals (5 items), fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment (7 items) and
fear of losing important individuals’ interest (5 items). Correlation analysis
showed an acceptable correlation between all of these factors and fear of failure.
The results of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed acceptable internal consistency
of items of each subscale.