Ali Fathizadeh; Parham Sistani; Ahmad Torkfar; Hassan Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
A motor task performance and imagery show several parallel characteristics. In this study, the effect of a voluntary speed change in mental images of a complex difficult sequence of karate techniques on subsequent motor performance was assessed. 24 male karate volunteers (mean age: 24.58±5.27 ...
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A motor task performance and imagery show several parallel characteristics. In this study, the effect of a voluntary speed change in mental images of a complex difficult sequence of karate techniques on subsequent motor performance was assessed. 24 male karate volunteers (mean age: 24.58±5.27 years) who were well skilled at performing the sequence movements participated in the pretest. During the training period, they imagined the motor task with normal, faster, or slower speeds in the real time, fast and slow groups respectively. The post-test was identical to the pretest. The data were analyzed by one-way variance analysis and t tests. The results showed no time difference between motor imagery duration and physical performance in real time group (P>0.05) while imagery speed decrease in slow group was not significant when compared with their own physical performance in the pretest (P>0.05). Fast group accelerated their mental imagery in the training period (P<0.05). The comparison between pretest and post-test by paired t test revealed that karate athletes improved the time of their performance after the real time and fast imagery (P<0.05). However, slow imagery had no effect on post-test performance (P>0.05). Also, independent t test results showed no significant difference between the effect of real time and the fast imagery (P>0.05). It seems that mental imagery in real speed of action and fast imagery had the advantage to improve the performance duration compared with the slower imagery. In conclusion, mental image speed is an important factor in motor imagery and it is suggested that it should be controlled by the athletes.
Hamideh Iranmanesh; Hesam Iranmanesh; Alireza Saberi Kakhaki; Reza Iranmanesh
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the perception of the peer motivational climate, stress and the weekly training with burnout in junior elite athletes of Kerman province. The statistical population consisted of 120 male elite athletes from Kerman province from individual ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the perception of the peer motivational climate, stress and the weekly training with burnout in junior elite athletes of Kerman province. The statistical population consisted of 120 male elite athletes from Kerman province from individual and team sports (table tennis, karate, taekwondo, badminton, cycling, handball, volleyball, basketball, football) who continuously trained at Kerman championship gym in 1391 with the age range of 15–19 years and at least 4 years of experience of participating in a sport field with medals in Iran championships. 92 athletes were randomly selected using Cochran formula. To collect data, peer motivational climate questionnaire (Ntoumanis and Vazou, 2005), athletes' burnout questionnaire (Raedeke and Smith, 2001) and perceived stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983) were used. Finally, personal demographic forms were used to determine the weekly training hours, acquired positions, the duration of activity, age and sport field. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, scatter plot and independent t test were used. The results showed a negative and significant relationship between all peer motivational climate components (except for intra-team conflict) and all burnout components (P<0.05). There was a positive relationship between intra-team conflict and burnout but this relationship was not significant (P≥0.05). There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived stress and all burnout components (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between weekly training hours and burnout and its components (P≥0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in burnout, perception of peer motivational climate, stress and weekly training hours between individual and team sports (P≥0.05). Finally, the statistical results for prediction of burnout showed that 47.7% of burnout could be explained by the perception of peer motivational climate, stress and weekly training. In addition, stress was the dominant predictor of burnout. The results showed that paying attention to the role of peers and controlling stress during burnout process can guarantee to decrease this phenomenon in junior elite athletes and can improve their performance and stability in sport.
Mehdi Ghafoori; Mehdi Shahbazi; Parisa Rastegar; Ehsan Fatehi
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage self-emotions and others' emotions and includes the intelligent use of emotions. This study aimed at investigating the emotional intelligence in male and female elite athletes in team and individual sport fields. The sample consisted of 62 ...
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Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage self-emotions and others' emotions and includes the intelligent use of emotions. This study aimed at investigating the emotional intelligence in male and female elite athletes in team and individual sport fields. The sample consisted of 62 female elite athletes and 74 male elite athletes selected from different individual and team sports. They filled out Schutte's emotional intelligence scale. The obtained data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and independent t test at significance level of 0.05. The results showed no significant difference in emotional intelligence between male and female elite athletes (P>0.05). Findings also revealed no significant difference in emotional intelligence between individual and team sports (P>0.05). The results showed that female athletes benefit from emotional intelligence in their sport performance and progress as much as male athletes and also both individual and team athletes need the same degree of improvement of emotional intelligence and use it in their sport, so it is suggested that special exercises should be planned regardless of gender or sport type to increase emotional intelligence of athletes.