Mahdi Mollazadeh; Hassan Gharayagh Zandi; Mahbobeh Ghayour; Ali Mogaddam
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex on the reaction time and performance of skilled soccer players.Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and a post-test design. The statistical ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex on the reaction time and performance of skilled soccer players.Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and a post-test design. The statistical population of this research was the skilled male soccer players of Tehran province in 1401, 36 of whom were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into three Primary Motor Cortex Stimulation (N=12), Sham Stimulation (N=12) and Control (N=12) groups. For the primary motor cortex stimulation during transcranial direct current stimulation intervention, the anode electrode was placed at the C3, and the cathode electrode was placed at Fp2. To check and analyze the research hypotheses, the dependent t and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests with Bonferroni posthoc test were used via SPSS version 22 software.Results: The results showed that in the Motor Cortex tDCS group, the average reaction time after electrical stimulation decreased from 354.25 ± 71.58 to 256.41 ± 63.72 milliseconds, and the average performance increased from 46.00 ± 6.14 to 5.83 ± 68.41. So, according to the significance level of 0.05, a significant difference was observed in reaction time and performance (P <0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the electrical stimulation of the primary motor cortex affects the reaction time and the performance of skilled soccer players. Since the current research was conducted on skilled soccer players, it is suggested to be as cautious as possible in generalizing the results of this research to novice soccer players and athletes.
Kambiz Nouri; Seyede Nahid Shetab Booshehri; Mohammadreza Doustan
Abstract
Given the importance of preparation to respond to two stimuli in different sport conditions, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foreperiod and time intervals between two stimuli on psychological refractory period (PRP) in athletes. This study was semi-experimental with a within-group ...
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Given the importance of preparation to respond to two stimuli in different sport conditions, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foreperiod and time intervals between two stimuli on psychological refractory period (PRP) in athletes. This study was semi-experimental with a within-group design and fundamental-applied in terms of objectives. 50 male athlete students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (age range 22.47±1.45 years) were selected by convenience sampling method. A five-core processor ASUS notebook, Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire, software and hardware to measure the psychological refractory period were used in this study. Participants responded to two visual (selective) stimuli that were presented with short time intervals as quickly as possible. Tests were conducted in dual tasks and single tasks in foreperiods of 1,2,4,8 s and time intervals of 100, 250, 500, 800 ms randomly. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, within group analysis of variance at significance level (P<0.05). The results showed that the effects of foreperiod and the stimuli intervals were significant. The foreperiod of 1s and interval of 100 ms had the most psychological refractory period and foreperiod of 8s and interval of 800 ms had the lowest psychological refractory period. This study showed that the pattern of psychological refractory period was affected by experimental manipulation of the preparation processes when recognizing the stages of information processing. Contrary to the common belief that preparation time operates on premotor processes, in the present study preparation time operates on late motion processes and confirms the existence of processing bottlenecks in dual tasks
Nastaran Naderi Rad; Shahzad Tahmasebi
Abstract
The self-talk is one of psychological interventions that can be effective on improving and success in the motor performance and sport performance. So, the aim of the present study was to investigation effectiveness the motivational self-talkon secondary task performance (discrimination reaction time). ...
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The self-talk is one of psychological interventions that can be effective on improving and success in the motor performance and sport performance. So, the aim of the present study was to investigation effectiveness the motivational self-talkon secondary task performance (discrimination reaction time). 30 subjects have participated of the 160 students studying at the undergraduate from faculty of physical education and sport science in University of Tehran. They were divided randomly into two control and experimental groups. The intervention was conducted in two sessions per day and each session lasted one minute. The first primary task for the intervention group was walking on the treadmill with a slow speed whereas secondary task (discrimination reaction time), was performed in 10 attempts. The process was performed for the second order in the same manner with the difference that the experimental group performed motivational self-talk 15 seconds before the secondary task performance.Control group was performed test without intervention.The result of paired samples t-test showed that motivational self-talk in experimental group leads to a significant decrement in discrimination reaction time (P=0.001). Also, the result of Mann-Whitney U showed that reaction time in the experimental group decrease than control group significantly (P=0.002).
Ahmad Nikravan; Rasool Hemayat talab; Fazlollah Bagherzadeh
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of weight and force is one of the most important factors to organize and perform reaction time (RT) tasks. The elderly are involved in this variable when they gain weight. The present study was designed to examine the effect of limb weight gain on premotor and motor components of ...
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Abstract
The effect of weight and force is one of the most important factors to organize and perform reaction time (RT) tasks. The elderly are involved in this variable when they gain weight. The present study was designed to examine the effect of limb weight gain on premotor and motor components of simple and discriminative reaction time in young and elderly men. Subjects (16 young and 16 elderly) were asked to perform forearm flexion in response to auditory (simple and discriminative) stimuli. The weight of the involved limb increased (1.2 kg) in 50% of trials and reaction time and muscle tension were measured by electromyogram apparatus in all trials. The results showed that the main effects of all three factors of limb weight gain, increasing number of stimuli and age on premotor component were significant. The effect of the increased number of stimuli from simple to discriminative was not significant in the motor component (P=0.77). However, the interactive effects between limb weight gain and age was significant (P=0.002). These results suggested that those variables that cause variation in limb inertia and generally motor components not only involve motor component but also influence a part of premotor processes simultaneously.
Moslem Rahmani; Ali Heirani; Hadi Yaditabar
Abstract
Cognitive performance such as prediction and reaction time changes along with aging. It seems that regular lifetime physical activity depends on the delay of these factors. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Pilates training on the improvement of motor performance of sedentary elderly men ...
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Cognitive performance such as prediction and reaction time changes along with aging. It seems that regular lifetime physical activity depends on the delay of these factors. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Pilates training on the improvement of motor performance of sedentary elderly men in Kermanshah city. 40 sedentary elderly men (mean age 72.15 ± 6.54 years) were selected from the senior citizen centers in Kermanshah and were divided into two groups of experimental and control randomly. The experimental group performed Pilates protocol for 8 weeks. Both groups participated in the pretest and posttest of cognitive performance. The data obtained from the pretest and posttest were analyzed by paired samples t test and independent t test was used to compare the posttests of both groups. The results showed that Pilates group outperformed the control group significantly in their cognitive status and reaction time in the posttest (P˂0.05), but there was no significant difference in prediction between these two groups. The patterns of these results suggested that Pilates exercises could improve the elderly's cognitive performance.
Hanid Salehi; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Gholamali Ghasemi Kahriz Sangi; Adnan Ghazanfari
Volume 3, Issue 2 , October 2012, , Pages 45-64
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to compare the level and the pattern of attention demands of a volleyball jumping serve using a probe reaction time (RT) technique. 14 junior elite volleyball players performed 60 jumping serves (JS) with their preferred hand. Jumping serve was performance as the primary ...
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The aim of this investigation was to compare the level and the pattern of attention demands of a volleyball jumping serve using a probe reaction time (RT) technique. 14 junior elite volleyball players performed 60 jumping serves (JS) with their preferred hand. Jumping serve was performance as the primary task and verbal RT that was administered in four probe positions (PP) as secondary task. Results indicated a non-linear attention pattern in the performance of jumping serve so that probe RT was highest in pre-shot in run up (PP1) and in landing (PP4) while it was lowest in pre-jump stepping ahead (PP2) and pre-striking (PP3). According to the results, attention level in failed serves was lower than successful ones while the attention pattern was similar. It was concluded that attention deficit might be one reason for failing serves.
Mehdi Shahbazi; Ali Pashabadi; Hossein Abedini Parizi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , October 2012, , Pages 65-80
Abstract
Reaction time (RT) is one of the psychomotor skills that determine athletes’ results and also in daily life. RT effective factors are divided into inherent (genetic) and environmental. Among those factors, psychological factors and mental abilities are more important due to the cognitive nature of ...
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Reaction time (RT) is one of the psychomotor skills that determine athletes’ results and also in daily life. RT effective factors are divided into inherent (genetic) and environmental. Among those factors, psychological factors and mental abilities are more important due to the cognitive nature of RT. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between RT, anxiety and IQ of athletes in different skill levels. This relationship was investigated in 85 subjects (in elite and sub elite athletes and no athletes groups) by correlation method. To measure RT, Y1000 devise was used; Spielberger state / trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate anxiety and Raven’s progressive matrices to evaluate IQ. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results showed that there was a negative significant correlation between choice RT and IQ, and between CRT and state anxiety. Findings supported inverted U hypothesis and it proved the greater influence of IQ with higher complexity of task
Masoud delbari; Hasan Mohamadzade; Mahmud Delbari
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 135-145
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer games on intelligence quotient (IQ), reaction time (RT), and movement time (MT) of adolescents. The statistical population of this study consisted of male high school students (aged between 14 and 18), Restrict 1 in Tabriz city. Two samples ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer games on intelligence quotient (IQ), reaction time (RT), and movement time (MT) of adolescents. The statistical population of this study consisted of male high school students (aged between 14 and 18), Restrict 1 in Tabriz city. Two samples (n1=n2=25) were selected purposefully and were divided into two equivalent groups (experimental and control). The experimental criterion was to play computer games a minimum of three days a week for the past six months. The control group played little or preferably no computer games in the past six months. To determine their IQ, Cattle’s intelligence test (Scale 3) and normative tables were used. RT and MT of subjects were measured by appraiser system of RT and MT. Results showed that computer games had a significant effect on IQ (P=0.031), simple reaction time (P=0.017), simple movement time (P=0.019), diagnostic time (P=0.04) and diagnostic movement time (P=0.036). Also findings established that the computer game experience improves IQ, reaction times and movement times.
