Kimiya Mostafavi; Mahiodin Bahari; Afsaneh Sanatkaran
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of shooting training with air gun on aggression in adolescent girls. This study was semi-experimental including pretest, posttest with a control group. 30 female aggressive students (age: 16±1.1 years) were selected by convenience sampling method ...
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of shooting training with air gun on aggression in adolescent girls. This study was semi-experimental including pretest, posttest with a control group. 30 female aggressive students (age: 16±1.1 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Buss and Perry (1992) aggression questionnaire was used to evaluate aggression. The experimental group participated in shooting training for 12 sessions (each session 60 minutes) under a coach's supervision. After the last training session, the two groups participated in the posttest. The results of the two-way multivariate analysis of variance showed that shooting training significantly reduced aggression, verbal aggression, hostility and anger but shooting training had no significant effect on physical aggression. It seems that shooting training has an atmosphere and characteristics that can play an important role in producing calmness and reducing aggression.
Raziyeh Khanmohamadi; Hasan Khalaji; Alireza Bahramy
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different sport fields, different training levels and their interactive effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of adolescent female athletes. The population consisted of all adolescent female athletes (aged 17-9) in gymnastics, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different sport fields, different training levels and their interactive effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of adolescent female athletes. The population consisted of all adolescent female athletes (aged 17-9) in gymnastics, volleyball and table tennis in Arak city and the sample included 49 gymnasts, 82 volleyball players and 38 table tennis players who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the physical activity questionnaire for adolescent (PAQ-A), the Tanner Table and bioelectric resistance method. To analyze the data, covariance analysis at (P≤0.05) was used. The findings showed that different sport fields had significant effects on indicators of height, leg length and fat (P˂0.05). Different training levels had significant effects on indicators of fat (P≤0.05). The interactive effect of different sport fields and different training levels had no significant effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation (P≥0.05). It was concluded that athletes enter these three sport fields when their growth characteristics are proportional to the needs of that field. Also, maximum 10 hours of exercise training per week have no adverse effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of athletes.
Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni; Fariba Hasan barani; Elham Hatamishahmiri
Abstract
Perceptual-motor skills play a vital role in many tasks of daily life and sports skills. The measurement of coincidence anticipation timing ability is a method to evaluate perceptual and perceptual-motor skills. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the role of different ...
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Perceptual-motor skills play a vital role in many tasks of daily life and sports skills. The measurement of coincidence anticipation timing ability is a method to evaluate perceptual and perceptual-motor skills. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the role of different organism, task and environment constraints in coincidence anticipation timing accuracy. For this purpose, 30 female adolescents (17-15 years old), young (20-40 years old) and elderly (60-80 years old) participated in 4 tests of coincidence anticipation timing. The tests included a coincidence anticipation timing task with green (1), blue (2), red (3) color background and an additional environment constraint (4) and participants had to coincide with the arrival of the stimulus in the target point and press the corresponding key. For data analysis, mixed ANOVA (3*4), 4 one-way ANOVA and 3 ANOVA with repeated measures were used for each group with adjusted Bonferroni. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in test 1, 3 and 4 (P≤0.0125). Also, all groups showed a significant reduction in performance when the background color changed from green to red and the addition of the secondary task (P≤0.017). In addition, results indicated that the elderly group had the weakest performance compared with the adolescent and young groups and the reason might be a weakness in perceptual-motor systems related to age increase. Finally, different coincidence anticipation training programs were recommended for athletes, elderly and patients with perceptual-motor system weakness.
Ghazal Mohamadi; Masomeh Shojaei; Afkham Daneshfar
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of variability of attentional focus distance by self-talk on the learning of table tennis forehand in. After pretest, the participants performed 180 forehand strokes during 6 sessions with repeating the words “slightly rotation” ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of variability of attentional focus distance by self-talk on the learning of table tennis forehand in. After pretest, the participants performed 180 forehand strokes during 6 sessions with repeating the words “slightly rotation” in the internal focus group “slightly open” in the near external focus group, “over the net ” in the far external focus group, and each of the words “slightly rotation, slightly open, and over the net ” respectively in each 2 sessions in the increasing distance of attentional focus group. Control group performed without self-talk during acquisition phase. Retention test was performed 48 hours after acquisition test in the same situation without self-talk, and after break, transfer test was done by changing the direction of target (parallel forehand) without self-talk. The accuracy and the pattern of forehand strokes were measured by a 5 point-scale (Liao and Masters, 2001) and researcher-made scale, respectively) .According to the results of 2-factor mixed ANOVA, acquisition, retention, and transfer of forehand accuracy in internal focus of attention group were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05).Furthermore, the effect of increasing attentional focus distance on acquisition of forehand pattern was significant. The effect of near external attentional focus on retention of pattern was significant. But transfer of stroke pattern in control group was significantly more than far external focus group (p<0.05). Thus, it is recommended to use self-talk by increasing attentional focus and near external attentional focus and not to use internal focus of attention to instruct forehand to novice adolescents.
Ali Zadehmohammadi; Zohreh Ahmadabadi; Somaye Ahmadabadi; Mehdi Rafeie Borojeni
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, , Pages 5-24
Abstract
Substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. Most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. Traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors ...
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Substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. Most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. Traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors and a factor to protect and prevent risky behaviors. The present study studied 406 students including 271 male and 135 female students to compare the vulnerability of male and female athlete and non-athlete adolescents to risky behaviors such as smoking, drugs and alcohol. Iranian Adolescence Risk-Taking Scale (IARS) was used to measure the risk taking (Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2008). Those adolescents who have been a member of athletic teams had higher mean in subscale ‘drinking alcohol’. Those athletes who participated in provincial competitions and higher levels, those who engaged more than three sessions a week in sport teams and those athletes who attended sport camps had a higher mean. Also, there was no significant difference between individual and group sports. When explaining the higher levels of risk-taking in those who were members of athletic teams and clubs , factors such as duality, and the difficulty in playing the role of a student and an athlete simultaneously, camp condition, lack of sufficient control over members’ behaviors except when they are playing, peers’ collective norms, normative pressure to conform with various expectations of the team, lack of scientific attitude towards school athletic organizations in Iran, and concurrent influence of personality features like sensation and novelty sought in tendencies toward sport and risky behaviors can be taken into account.