Motor Development and Learning
Narges Abdoli; Aireza Saberi Kakhki; Hamid Reza Taheri Torbati; Majid Ghoshuni
Abstract
Introduction: There is a contradiction in previous studies about the changes in brain waves as a result of learning. The present research was conducted to compare the power of the Mu rhythm in expert and novice golf players.
Methods: 15 novice students with any experience in golf skills participated ...
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Introduction: There is a contradiction in previous studies about the changes in brain waves as a result of learning. The present research was conducted to compare the power of the Mu rhythm in expert and novice golf players.
Methods: 15 novice students with any experience in golf skills participated in the novice group and 15 experienced golf players in the expert group. The brain waves of participants were recorded while performing 20 trials of golf putting task. Data were processed using the ICA method. For the statistical analysis of the data, a 2×3 (group × area) one-way MANOVA was used.
Results: The results showed that the power of the Mu rhythm in the three central regions (C3, Cz, C4) of the brain of novice and expert golf players has a significant difference (P ≥ 0.05), so the average rhythm power of the expert group was higher than the novice group.
Conclusion: The findings show that the brain function of expert and novice golfers is different. It seems that during the motor learning process of golf putting, the brain undergoes functional changes, and these changes are probably one of the reasons for the better control and execution of skills in expert golfers. The findings highlight the necessity of paying attention to the learning process in improving the control and execution of motor skills. The present study helps experts in training and rehabilitating motor skills to understand the cognitive, neuro-motor processes underlying the execution of actions and skills.
Fatemeh Keshvari; Alireza Farsi; Behrooz Abdoli
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate alpha power in successful and unsuccessful free throws of elite and novice basketball players.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental and was implemented in a time series design. Two Elite (10 participants with a mean age of 22.25 ± ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate alpha power in successful and unsuccessful free throws of elite and novice basketball players.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental and was implemented in a time series design. Two Elite (10 participants with a mean age of 22.25 ± 1.34) and Novice (10 participants with a mean age of 22.55 ± 1.80) groups participated voluntarily. The data were measured using 28 electrodes from a 32-channel wireless device and were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance test (p≥0.05).Results: The alpha power of the elite group was higher than the novice group (P=0.001). The successful throws showed lower alpha power than unsuccessful throws (P=0.006). In the comparison of the two groups, the alpha power in the unsuccessful throws of the elite group was higher than in their successful throws (p=0.001), but no difference was observed between the alpha power of the successful and unsuccessful throws of the novice group (p=0.584). The alpha power during the execution time of the free throw task was higher than the pre-execution time (p<0.005), but there was no difference between the first and second pre-execution times (p=1.000). The results of the present study showed that the elite group had higher cortical activity than the novice group in all electrodes (p<0.001).Conclusion: The findings show that the elite group performed the task with less cortical complexity by inhibiting irrelevant information. In addition, the decrease in alpha power in successful throws indicates an increase in activation of cerebral cortex and an increase in concentration, so that the task can be performed with fewer neural resources.
Farzaneh Hatami; farshid tahmasbi; hedieh pasbani
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of skilled people’s EEG-Based neurofeedback training on learning of the rifle shooting skills in novices.Methods: This applied study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty novice athletes (mean ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of skilled people’s EEG-Based neurofeedback training on learning of the rifle shooting skills in novices.Methods: This applied study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty novice athletes (mean age: 20±1.509 years) voluntarily participated in this study and were assigned into three homogenous groups including Beta/Theta Neurofeedback, Neurofeedback based on the brain pattern of skilled rifle shooters (decreasing the Theta activity in Fz and F4 area, and increasing the low and high Alpha at the P3 and P7 area, and Control groups according to pretest scores. The acquisition phase consisted of 6 sessions. The control group only did physical exercise during the sessions. 48 hours after the last acquisition session, a retention test was conducted followed by a transfer test by a non-dominant hand to grab the weapon.Results: The results showed that the group with neurofeedback based on the brain patterns of skilled rifle shooters was significantly better than the other two groups in all sessions. In the retention test the group with neurofeedback based on the brain patterns of skilled rifle shooters significantly performed better than the other two groups and the Beta/Theta Neurofeedback group had better performance compared with the Control group. In the transfer test, both neurofeedback groups performed better than the Control group, but there was no significant difference between the two neurofeedback groups.Conclusion: Future research can accelerate the progress and reach the peak shooting performance for novices by correcting neurofeedback protocols according to the brain and the expertise relationship.
Hasan Mohammadzadeh; Mohammad Ali Nazari; Mandana Heidari
Abstract
Physical balance is one of the important factors in daily sport activities.Dynamic balance helps maintain the balance of those forces imposed on body insports and an increase in this balance improves motor and sport performance. Theaim of this study was to determine the effects of neurofeedback training ...
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Physical balance is one of the important factors in daily sport activities.Dynamic balance helps maintain the balance of those forces imposed on body insports and an increase in this balance improves motor and sport performance. Theaim of this study was to determine the effects of neurofeedback training on dynamicbalance of young men. 24 male undergraduate students voluntarily participated inthis study and were involved in a double-blind design including control andexperimental groups. The experimental group participated in neurofeedbacktraining including the inhibition of brainwaves of 4-7 Hz and the reinforcement ofbrainwaves of 15-18 Hz at O1-O2 regions of the hindbrain for 10 sessions and 30minutes per session. Participants in the control group were exposed to the samecondition, but instead they were provided with sham feedback. EEG and dynamicbalance tests were administered before, at the end of the fifth and tenth sessions oftraining for both groups. The results indicated that dynamic balance significantlyimproved in the fifth session and posttest. The findings demonstrate thatneurofeedback training can enhance dynamic balance of young men. It issuggested that this training should be used to increase dynamic balance of athletes.
