Atefe Eftekhari; Jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-movement on distance perception. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was the students of Urmia University who were randomly selected as a sample of 60 students who were eligible ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-movement on distance perception. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was the students of Urmia University who were randomly selected as a sample of 60 students who were eligible to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people including static group, dynamic group with treadmill speed 4 Km/h and the dynamic group were divided at a speed of 8 km/h. The test of walking blindfolded in a straight line to a previously observed target was used to measure distance perception. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the perception of estimating the distance between groups, while there was a significant difference in the perception of distance with closed eyes between groups and also in perception scores. There is no significant difference in distance with closed eyes between the movement group with treadmill speeds 4 and 8, but the difference between these two groups with the group without movement is significant and Finally, the results showed that although self-motion affects the perception of distance with the eyes closed, but the speed of movement does not affect this perception. Therefore, movement can affect the perception of the surrounding environment.
Ali Pashabadi; Alireza Farsi; Abbas Bahram; Afkham Daneshfar
Abstract
Successful anticipation is a key factor for success in saving soccer penalty kick for goalkeepers and introducing optimal interventions to enhance this ability can be useful for improving the level of performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on anticipation ...
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Successful anticipation is a key factor for success in saving soccer penalty kick for goalkeepers and introducing optimal interventions to enhance this ability can be useful for improving the level of performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on anticipation of penalty kick by expert goalkeepers and their gaze behaviors during this anticipation. Participants were 20 expert goalkeepers working in Tehran pro league matches who were randomly assigned to training and placebo groups and passed tests and training interventions. Gaze data were registered using Pupil eye tracker and penalty kick anticipation was recorded using temporal occlusion paradigm. 30 videos of real penalty kicks by expert soccer players were recorded and ball-foot contact moments were occluded so that goalkeepers could anticipate the direction of ball kicking in those videos. Results of 2*4 mixed ANOVA showed that despite of homogeneity of training and placebo groups in pretest (P>0.05), training group had advantage in other phases and this advantage was maintained under pressure (P<0.05). The training enhanced successful anticipation and changed gaze behaviors proportional to successful anticipation and these changes were sustained during 72 hours of retention and transfer test under pressure. Training interventions based on quiet eye can be used as a training package along with physical training and skills of soccer goalkeepers and therefore help them to improve perceptual capabilities and to optimally use visual signs.
Hamid Salehi; Zahra Zareie; Parisa Kalantari
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether the goalkeepers’ postures that mimic the Müller–Lyer illusion can influence penalty-takers’ perceptions and the location of throws. A representation of a goalkeeper was projected onto a blank screen (without goalposts ...
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The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether the goalkeepers’ postures that mimic the Müller–Lyer illusion can influence penalty-takers’ perceptions and the location of throws. A representation of a goalkeeper was projected onto a blank screen (without goalposts and crossbar). The goalkeeper was displayed in arms-up (45 degrees above horizon), arms-out (horizontal, as control), and arms-down (45 degrees below horizon) postures. Participants (11 young male handball players) performed two tasks. They stood in front of the screen at a distance of 5 m and observed the goalkeeper displayed in one of the three postures. The participants were asked either to throw a tennis ball, or aim a laser pointer at, the horizontal position of the goalkeeper’s hand. The horizontal distances of throwing and aiming locations were measured from the midline of the body of the goalkeeper model. The goalkeeper postures affected the locations of the throwing and aiming. The participants’ aiming and throwing tasks were found to be significantly farther from and closer in the arms-up and arms-down postures compared with the arms-out posture respectively. The experiment demonstrated that a goalkeeper adopting Müller–Lyer postures can influence his opponent’s perception of maximum reach and his motor behavior.
