samira Afzali; Keyvan MolaNorouzi
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare The effect of mindfulness and PETTLEP imagery on competitive state anxiety and the performance of jumping equestrian athletesMethods: In this semi-experimental research, which was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare The effect of mindfulness and PETTLEP imagery on competitive state anxiety and the performance of jumping equestrian athletesMethods: In this semi-experimental research, which was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, 30 professional adult equestrians (age range 22 to 40 years old) from Hamadan and Zanjan provinces were selected to participate in the study and were randomly assigned according to the matching methods to three groups: mental imagery, mindfulness practice, and control. In the pre-test and post-test stages, the participants first completed the Persian version of the Competitive Anxiety Inventory-2, and then their jumping performance was measured in a simulated competition by the jury. The intervention phase was carried out over six weeks in one session lasting 90 minutes when the training groups did the desired interventions. Data were analyzed using dependent t-tests, univariate (ANCOVA), and multivariate (MANCOVA) analyses of covariance with Bonferroni's post hoc test.Results: The study's findings revealed that mindfulness training has a significant impact on sports performance (p=0.025), physical anxiety (p=0.030), cognitive anxiety (p=0.015), and self-confidence (p=0.0001). Also, imagery training has a significant effect on sports performance (p = 0.039), physical anxiety (p = 0.016), cognitive anxiety (p = 0.033), and self-confidence (p = 0.033). Other results indicated that there is no significant difference between the effect of mindfulness training and mental imagery on the anxiety, self-confidence, and performance of equestrian athletes in the field of jumping (p<0.05).
Saleh Moazam; Rasoul Hemayat Talab; Hassan Gharayagh Zandi; Mohammad khazaei
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different methods to enhance free throw shooting among young basketball players. One method is based on mindfulness(MSPE) and the other is based on mental imagery(MI). This is a semi-experimental study and in terms of data collection, ...
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AbstractThe present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different methods to enhance free throw shooting among young basketball players. One method is based on mindfulness(MSPE) and the other is based on mental imagery(MI). This is a semi-experimental study and in terms of data collection, the design of the study is experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control group. Statistical population consisted of young basketball players in Tehran from whom 60 players were selected through convenience sampling and put into the following three groups: mindfulness group, mental imagery group and control group. Statistical analyses were presented in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included participants’ characteristics, distribution of data and the variables’ mean and standard deviation. Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to determine whether the data were naturally occurring. Then, the data were analyzed through inferential statistics using paired-samples T-Test, ANOVA, Leven’s Test, Games-Howell Test and Bonferroni post hoc Test to test the hypotheses. Significance level of the study was set at 0.05. The results obtained from the pre-test and post-test of both mindfulness and mental imagery groups showed the participants’ performance was significant with mean differences of 4.15 and -2.55 respectively. Also, the final findings of the study indicated that treatment in mindfulness group was more effective than that of mental imagery group, in improving free throw shooting (P=0.2).Key words: basketball, Free throw, Mindfulness, Mental imagery, Sport performance
Foad Niknasab; Mohammadreza Zareli; Ali Fakorean; Reza Sharbatzadeh
Abstract
Anxiety and self-confidence are factors that affect performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness and mental imagery training on the psychophysiological response of anxiety and self-confidence in students’ officer. This method was semi-experimental. 45 male officers ...
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Anxiety and self-confidence are factors that affect performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness and mental imagery training on the psychophysiological response of anxiety and self-confidence in students’ officer. This method was semi-experimental. 45 male officers who voluntarily participated in this study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (mindfulness and mental imagery) and one control group. The score of anxiety and self-confidence, as well as levels of salivary cortisol were measured in three groups. The experimental groups performed 6 sessions of specific training. Finally, the post-test has conducted in three groups according to the pre-test. The results indicated that mindfulness and imaging training had a significant effect on the level of salivary cortisol, anxiety, and self-confidence. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of effectiveness (p > 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that mindfulness and mental imagery training could be a strategy to reduce anxiety and improve self-confidence in officer students. Therefore, it is suggested to the providers and teachers in the military organs that by holding workshops and using these strategies to reduce anxiety and enhance self-confidence and consequently to improve students’ performance.Therefore, it is suggested to the providers and teachers in the military organs that by holding workshops and using these strategies to reduce anxiety and enhance self-confidence and consequently to improve students’ performance.
Mohammad Naderi; Alireza Bahrami; Darius Khajavi
Abstract
.The targeted 75 patients with a score of 45- 55 imagery and had no history of basketball free throw were selected and were divided in 5 groups, each of 15; control, mental imagery PETTLEP Constant, group mental imagery PETTLEP Constant combined with physical exercise Constant, group imagery PETTLEP ...
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.The targeted 75 patients with a score of 45- 55 imagery and had no history of basketball free throw were selected and were divided in 5 groups, each of 15; control, mental imagery PETTLEP Constant, group mental imagery PETTLEP Constant combined with physical exercise Constant, group imagery PETTLEP of the variable, group mental imagery PETTLEP variable combined with physical exercise variables. To collect data was used in the Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised (MIQ-R).At first of all groups were taken pre-test of basketball free throw. Exercise protocol, eight sessions were conducted for eight days. At the end, taken post-test. After Data normality and equality of variances, The result have been surveyed by analysis of variance, Tukey test and also the 16 version of SPSS in P value of P
Mehrzad Kharestani; Mahdi Zarghami; Parvaneh Shafiniya
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental imagery and physical practice on dynamic balance in male patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was semi-experimental and the statistical population included male patients with multiple sclerosis in Ahvaz city in 2012 (N=300). For sampling, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental imagery and physical practice on dynamic balance in male patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was semi-experimental and the statistical population included male patients with multiple sclerosis in Ahvaz city in 2012 (N=300). For sampling, Visual and Kinesthetic Imagery Questionnaire and EDSS scale were used. Finally, 33 patients with similar ability of imagery and moderate disorder in EDSS Scale were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups: mental imagery-physical practice (n=11), mental imagery (n=11) and physical practice (as control group, n=11). The TUG test was used to assess dynamic balance in the pretest, posttest and retention test. The training protocol consisted of 3 sessions a week for 6 weeks. Posttest was performed 2 weeks after the last session of the training protocol. After investigating the data normality and variance equality, data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. The results indicated a significant difference in posttest (P=0.02) and retention (P=0.003) phases among the groups, and combined group had a better performance than the other groups during both phases. According to these results, mental imagery can be used as a practical method for the better performance of dynamic balance in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Bahram Ghafari; Mehdi Shahbazi
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of arousal control in male and female athletes using mental imagery and biofeedback methods. Participants were 30 male and female athlete students of Tehran University (mean aged 23) who were assigned into two homogeneous groups based on Vividness ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of arousal control in male and female athletes using mental imagery and biofeedback methods. Participants were 30 male and female athlete students of Tehran University (mean aged 23) who were assigned into two homogeneous groups based on Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire 2. Participants were given acoustic biofeedback during three stages of pretest, posttest, and follow-up test while their scores in arousal indexes such as heart rate, body temperature, and galvanic skin response were recorded. In posttest, they were asked to mentally imagine their performance under competition circumstance and in follow-up test they had to attempt to lower their arousal level using deep breathing and acoustic biofeedback technique. Results of analysis of variance with repeated measures and independent t test indicated that there is a significant difference between groups mean scores in follow-up test in three indexes of heart rate, body temperature, and galvanic skin response (p≤0/05). This finding suggests that male students have higher ability in arousal control compared with female students.
Mehrzad Kharestani; Mojtaba Esmaeeli Abdar; Ahmad Ghotbi Varzaneh
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different types of imagery on the skills performance of 7-10-year-old soccer players. 45 children (mean age 8.44±1.13 year) with similar imagery abilitywere selected and randomly assigned to three groups (each group 15 subjects). The training ...
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The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different types of imagery on the skills performance of 7-10-year-old soccer players. 45 children (mean age 8.44±1.13 year) with similar imagery abilitywere selected and randomly assigned to three groups (each group 15 subjects). The training protocol was performed three sessions a week for 6 weeks. Data analysis indicated a significant difference between the groups in acquisition (P=0.001) and retention (P=0.002) phases. The results of Tukey post hoc test in the acquisition phase indicated no significant differences between cognitive specific imagery group and cognitive general imagery group (P=0.53) but there were significant differences between cognitive specific imagery group and traditional imagery group (P=0.006) and also between cognitive general imagery group and traditional imagery group (P=0.03). Also, in the retention phase, the results of Tukey post hoc test indicated significant differences between cognitive specific mental imagery group and traditional mental imagery group (P=0.002), between cognitive specific mental imagery group and cognitive general mental imagery group (P=0.037) and between cognitive general imagery group and traditional imagery group (P=0.001). With regard to the findings, the role of the cognitive specific imagery was in the center of attention more than before and soccer instructors and coaches are recommended to use this type of imagery.
Manochehr Ghalkhani; Ali Heirani; Vahid Tadibi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , October 2012, , Pages 99-117
Abstract
Cognitive teaching methods facilitate the acquisition of motor skills; among these methods, the combination of physical, observational and imagery exercises has been the focus of recent investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitative effect of the combination of physical, observational ...
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Cognitive teaching methods facilitate the acquisition of motor skills; among these methods, the combination of physical, observational and imagery exercises has been the focus of recent investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitative effect of the combination of physical, observational and imagery exercises on immediate and delay retention of badminton high serve. The statistical population consisted of all male Razi University students. 84 students (mean age of 20.42+1.4 yr and score of imagery ability of 48.69+6.19) voluntarily participated in this study. Pretest included immediate and delay retention of badminton high serve using Scott and Fox test. Then, participants were assigned to homogenous groups according to their pretest (each group 12 participants): physical, observation, imagery, physical-observation, physical-imagery, observation-imagery, and physical-observation-imagery. Participants accomplished three sessions of 90 trials of badminton high serve. At the end of the final training session, an immediate test of retention was administered followed by a test of delay retention after 48 hours. One-way ANOVA test indicated that in both immediate and delay retention, the physical-observation-imagery group and the physical group significantly performed high serve better than other groups (p
Rasoul Hemayat talab; Ahmad Reza Movahedi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 27-41
Abstract
The Purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different combinations of mental and physical practices on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill in mentally retarded male students. Subjects were 40 guidance students who were healthy and novice in basketball penalty shot. They were selected ...
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The Purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different combinations of mental and physical practices on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill in mentally retarded male students. Subjects were 40 guidance students who were healthy and novice in basketball penalty shot. They were selected randomly and were assigned to 5 homogeneous groups (4 as experimental and 1 as control) based on their pretest scores, IQ and their ability in mental imagery. They exercised for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired T test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. It was observed that all four variations of practice improved their performance, yet the mental practice followed by physical practice group outperformed the other groups. The results suggest that mental practice followed by physical practice results in an outstanding performance in mentally retarded adolescents.