Bahman Aalizadeh; Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini; Bahman Daranloue
Abstract
Aim: The use of psychological interventions in sport to enhance performance has become increasingly popular. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has been questioned by some sports psychologists. Educationally-based psychological interventions have produced significant increases in performance. ...
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Aim: The use of psychological interventions in sport to enhance performance has become increasingly popular. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has been questioned by some sports psychologists. Educationally-based psychological interventions have produced significant increases in performance. It was found that 38 of the 45 studies examined (85%) had found positive performance effects, although causality could only be inferred in 20 of these studies. These interventions could be classified as relaxation-based, cognitive, cognitive-behavioural or behavioural in nature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical practice, mental imagery and music on the improvement of basketball shooting skill.Methodology: In this quasi-experiment study, 45 students (19-22 years) were randomly selected from elementary schools and classified in the three experimental groups consisting 15 participants. Physical practice, mental imagery and imagery along with music were the order of three experimental groups. The data was collected using modified basketball shooting in this study.Results: Statistical analysis was conducted with the descriptive statistics tests consisting kolmogro-smirnow, T test and one way-anova. The result of present study indicated significant differences (p< 0.05) between pre and posttest of physical practice, physical practice with mental imagery and physical practice with mental imagery and music.Conclusion: Based on inter group comparison, it can be said that mixed method was more efficient than other two methods and significant difference was not reported between physical practice with mental imagery and physical practice. Thus, it is suggested that different teaching methods should be used for promoting training programs.
Ali Fathizadeh; Hasan Mohammadzadeh Jahatlo
Abstract
Motor imagery is the ability to imagine performing a movement without any action. The time a movement is mentally rehearsed highly correlates with the actual time of motor action. In this study, the effect of voluntary changes in imagery speed on the duration of the actual performance and learning ...
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Motor imagery is the ability to imagine performing a movement without any action. The time a movement is mentally rehearsed highly correlates with the actual time of motor action. In this study, the effect of voluntary changes in imagery speed on the duration of the actual performance and learning a complex unfamiliar skill, and also the difference between the effects of real-time and fast imagery were investigated. 32 male volunteers (mean age: 22.23±2.07 yr) participated in the pretest, imagery training period, posttest, and retention test. The motor task was a sequence of new skills involving coordinated movements of upper and lower extremities with body locomotion. During the training period and in the real time, they mentally rehearsed the sequence performed in the pretest faster and more slowly. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), dependent and independent t tests were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the actual duration of real-time and fast imagery group decreased after training period (p<0.05) and it did not change in the retention test compared with the posttest (p>0.05). However, there was no difference between the effect of real-time and fast imagery (p>0.05). Moreover, no significant differences were found in the subsequent performance and retention of control and slow imagery groups (p>0.05). It is suggested that the duration of motor imagery should be close to the duration of physical performance in order to promote the performance and learning new tasks and individuals should be cautious about changes in mental image speed.