Mohammad Hossein Manzari Tavakoli; Masoumeh Shojaei; Kivan Norouzi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local indigenous games on cognitive function, physical literacy, and academic achievement of children 8 to 12 years old. The participants were 60 male elementary school students with an average age of 10.32. The research was conducted in four phases, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local indigenous games on cognitive function, physical literacy, and academic achievement of children 8 to 12 years old. The participants were 60 male elementary school students with an average age of 10.32. The research was conducted in four phases, include Pre-test,, Training phase in local indigenous games and dynamic courtyard,, Posttest, and Follow-up. The local indigenous games training consisted of twelve traditional-indigenous games that relied highly on physical activity and interpersonal interactions skills. In addition, the control group performed dynamic courtyard training that included some predetermined activity in school. The descriptive statistics and statistical procedures of Mixed ANOVA 2*3 and Bonferroni post-hoc were utilized to analyze data. Results were indicated that the amount of cognitive function for the local indigenous games group was higher than the control group. In addition, the physical literacy of the local indigenous games group was increased more than the control group. Moreover, academic achievement points for the local indigenous games group and the control group in the pre-test to post-test were enhanced, but this increase was higher in the local indigenous games group. The results of this study, were suggested that local indigenous games as a better model compared to the dynamic courtyard model for improving cognitive function, physical literacy, and academic achievement among children 8 to 12 years old.
Khadije Irandoust; Morteza Taheri; Abbas Sadeghi
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming ...
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In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. Thestudy was experimental. 30 rats (18 months old) were randomly divided intothree groups: experimental 1 (running on a treadmill), experimental 2 (swimmingin the water maze) and control. Rat treadmill was used for subjects' exercise,Morris water maze device was used to apply exercise protocol and to examine theirmemory and learning and open field device was used to examine subjects' motorfunction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The resultswere reported as mean + SD and suggested that in spatial memory test (time toreach the target and the covered distance to reach the target), Experimental 1group (swimming) significantly outperformed control and experimental 2 (running)groups (P=0.001). Treadmill group had a better performance in spatial memorytest (time to reach the target) than control group (P=0.04). In motor function test(open field test), experimental 1 and 2 groups were significantly superior to thecontrol group in the total distance covered (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). In themean speed covered in the open field test, Experimental 1 and 2 groups weresignificantly superior to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.003 respectively). Theresults showed that aerobic exercise especially swimming had a positive effect onmemory consolidation, retention and motor function, that is, exercise probablyimproves reward paths in the nervous system of the rats and this factor can be areason for memory consolidation and learning in the nervous system.
Nasour Ahmadi; Mohammadali Aslankhani; Naser Naghdi
Abstract
Aging has negative effects on motor and cognitive functions, so it is essential to identify appropriate strategies to prevent the decrease of motor and cognitive functions. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplement on motor activity and spatial learning in aged rats. ...
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Aging has negative effects on motor and cognitive functions, so it is essential to identify appropriate strategies to prevent the decrease of motor and cognitive functions. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplement on motor activity and spatial learning in aged rats. 36 male Albino – Wistar aged rats were assigned to three groups of control, vitamin E and sham. E group received daily 100 mg (50 IU) of vitamin E per kg of body weight with 0.5 ml sesame oil via gavage during 8 weeks. Sham group received daily 0.5 ml sesame oil, but control group did not receive any treatment. After the end of the protocol, open – field and Morris water maze tests were used to respectively assess motor functions and spatial learning. Distance moved and movement speed was used to assess motor function and latency and distance moved to the find platform was used to assess spatial learning. Results showed that in motor function, there was no statistically significant difference among groups in distance moved and movement speed factors (P>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference among groups in all factors of spatial learning and memory (P>0.05). The results showed that vitamin E did not significantly influence motor and cognitive functions of aged rats. Vitamin E supplement appears not to be efficient in the aging period when antioxidant damages caused irreversible memory destruction.
Shahzad Tahmasbi; Ahmad Farokhi; Naser Naghdi; Fazlolah Bagherzade; Anoushirvan Kazemnejad; Mehdi Shahbazi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 21-46
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two regimes during rats' gestation and lactation on learning, memory and motor function of their offspring. For this purpose, female rats (Albino-Wistar) were obtained from Pasteur Institute, Iran. After mating, 12 pregnant rats were divided into ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two regimes during rats' gestation and lactation on learning, memory and motor function of their offspring. For this purpose, female rats (Albino-Wistar) were obtained from Pasteur Institute, Iran. After mating, 12 pregnant rats were divided into three groups and they had their special regimes during their last week of pregnancy as well as their lactation. Control group used a standard diet, the zinc deficient (ZnD) group a diet deficient in zinc and the zinc supplement (ZnS) group a standard diet and enhanced zinc (10ppm) in their drinking water. 12 male offspring in each group were selected as the statistical sample and they were tested for learning and memory in MWM on their 56th natal day (ND) and were tested for motor activity in open-field on their 66th natal day. One-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data (P
