Moslem Mohammadi Tahsil; Afsaneh Sanatkaran; Mahiodin Bahari
Abstract
Psychological skill is one of the most important factors that influence athlete’s performance so the aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of Psychological skills training on Quantitative and qualitative performance of adolescence. The statistical population included adolescence swimmers ...
Read More
Psychological skill is one of the most important factors that influence athlete’s performance so the aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of Psychological skills training on Quantitative and qualitative performance of adolescence. The statistical population included adolescence swimmers of karaj swimming clubs in karaj city. 30 adolescence swimmers were selected among karaj swimming clubs using available sampling method, and were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. A semi experimental with pre-test and post-test assessments was used. Beside physical training, experimental group received 22 sessions Psychological skills through 3 sessions weekly that every sessions took one hour but control group didn’t received any intervention, all the participants assessed by Stopwatch and Checklist for 50-m front crawl techniques (free-running) in two steps of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by combinatory variance analysis model. Findings revealed that the Psychological skills training significantly improved Quantitative performance in the experimental group (P
Khadije Irandoust; Morteza Taheri; Abbas Sadeghi
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming ...
Read More
In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. Thestudy was experimental. 30 rats (18 months old) were randomly divided intothree groups: experimental 1 (running on a treadmill), experimental 2 (swimmingin the water maze) and control. Rat treadmill was used for subjects' exercise,Morris water maze device was used to apply exercise protocol and to examine theirmemory and learning and open field device was used to examine subjects' motorfunction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The resultswere reported as mean + SD and suggested that in spatial memory test (time toreach the target and the covered distance to reach the target), Experimental 1group (swimming) significantly outperformed control and experimental 2 (running)groups (P=0.001). Treadmill group had a better performance in spatial memorytest (time to reach the target) than control group (P=0.04). In motor function test(open field test), experimental 1 and 2 groups were significantly superior to thecontrol group in the total distance covered (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). In themean speed covered in the open field test, Experimental 1 and 2 groups weresignificantly superior to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.003 respectively). Theresults showed that aerobic exercise especially swimming had a positive effect onmemory consolidation, retention and motor function, that is, exercise probablyimproves reward paths in the nervous system of the rats and this factor can be areason for memory consolidation and learning in the nervous system.
