Fatemeh Mirakhori; Elahe Arabameri; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh; Rasool Hemayattalab
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children.Thirty girl students with the mean age from 7 to 12 years were selected by convenience sampling from elementary schools in Tehran. Participants were randomly divided into three attentional ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children.Thirty girl students with the mean age from 7 to 12 years were selected by convenience sampling from elementary schools in Tehran. Participants were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups (internal, external, control). Participants in the internal focus group were asked to focus their attention on the movements of their hand, whereas participants in the external focus group were asked to focus their attention to the movement path and target. Control group participants received no focus instructions. Acquisition phase lasted five consecutive days. The instrument used for measuring spatial memory was linear movement apparatus (LM-01 model). Analysis of Covariance and Bonferoni tests were used at p
Zahra Soori; Ali Heyrani; Rahman Souri
Abstract
The role of the training is to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise intensity on learning, spatial memory and anxiety behaviors in rat with impair . In this study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 5 healthy control groups, ...
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The role of the training is to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise intensity on learning, spatial memory and anxiety behaviors in rat with impair . In this study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 5 healthy control groups, Parkinson's control, Parkinson's (low, moderate, and high intensity) exercises. The creation of the Parkinson's Model was injected intra-brain-6-hydroxydopamine. To assess learning and spatial memory, Morris water maze test and Counting Counting were used as an indicator of anxiety behavior. Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA at a significant level (P <0.05). Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased the duration of the platform and destroyed spatial memory (P <0.05), Although all three types of space memory training decreased significantly in Parkinson's rats significantly (P <0.05), high intensity exercise showed the greatest effect on learning and spatial memory (0.05). (P <0.05), there was a significant difference between the high and low intensity training groups (P <0.05). This difference was not significant between the moderate and low intensity groups in most of the variables (P <0.05). Different intensities, especially high intensity, improve the parameters of spatial memory
Nafiseh Afshari; Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni; Naser Naghdi; Rasool Hemayat Talab
Abstract
Increased level of stress has negative effects on cognitive functions. Thus, it is necessary to identify appropriate strategies to prevent cognitive and motor performance decline. The aim of this research was to study the effect of immobilization stress on learning and memory and the protective role ...
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Increased level of stress has negative effects on cognitive functions. Thus, it is necessary to identify appropriate strategies to prevent cognitive and motor performance decline. The aim of this research was to study the effect of immobilization stress on learning and memory and the protective role of physical activity in them. From male Albino-Wistar rats of Pastor Institute, 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups. According to the type of the groups, rats were exposed to stress interventions including immobilization (two hours per day for 21 days), moderate running (30 minutes per day for 21 days), combination of stress interventions and running and also without any interventions. In order to determine the effectiveness of stress, animal weights were measured in two phases: before the protocol and after the tests. Morris Water Maze in several steps (four days for the acquisition phase, the fifth day for Probe test, three days for resting and the ninth day for recall test) was used for learning and testing of rats. ANOVA test with repeated measures and paired sample t test in acquisition phase and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze data. The results revealed that stress damaged learning and memory (P=0.03). However, physical activity neutralized performance damage caused by stress (P=0.000). Physical activity group showed a significant positive effect on the time to reach the platform in the acquisition phase (P=0.005) and on cognitive function in recall phase (P=0.006) which was a sign of positive effect of physical activity on learning and memory. Therefore according to the present results which show that stress impairs learning and memory, it is expected that physical activity will be used as an effective factor to moderate stress.
Khadije Irandoust; Morteza Taheri; Abbas Sadeghi
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming ...
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In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. Thestudy was experimental. 30 rats (18 months old) were randomly divided intothree groups: experimental 1 (running on a treadmill), experimental 2 (swimmingin the water maze) and control. Rat treadmill was used for subjects' exercise,Morris water maze device was used to apply exercise protocol and to examine theirmemory and learning and open field device was used to examine subjects' motorfunction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The resultswere reported as mean + SD and suggested that in spatial memory test (time toreach the target and the covered distance to reach the target), Experimental 1group (swimming) significantly outperformed control and experimental 2 (running)groups (P=0.001). Treadmill group had a better performance in spatial memorytest (time to reach the target) than control group (P=0.04). In motor function test(open field test), experimental 1 and 2 groups were significantly superior to thecontrol group in the total distance covered (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). In themean speed covered in the open field test, Experimental 1 and 2 groups weresignificantly superior to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.003 respectively). Theresults showed that aerobic exercise especially swimming had a positive effect onmemory consolidation, retention and motor function, that is, exercise probablyimproves reward paths in the nervous system of the rats and this factor can be areason for memory consolidation and learning in the nervous system.
Ali Seghatoleslami; Mahmood Shaikh; Naser Naghdi; Elahe Arab Ameri; Nabiollah Numvar Asl
Abstract
It is important for people to improve cognitive and motor performance. The purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill in spatial memory and learning and motor performance. 24 Albino-Wistar healthy male rats were randomly divided into control and activity groups. Activity ...
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It is important for people to improve cognitive and motor performance. The purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill in spatial memory and learning and motor performance. 24 Albino-Wistar healthy male rats were randomly divided into control and activity groups. Activity group ran 7 days on treadmill (speed 22m/min 30 minutes a day). After the end of activity period, Morris Water Maze and open-field tests were done to respectively assess spatial learning and motor performance. It was used latency time, and distance moved to find platform to assess spatial learning, and distance moved, mobility duration, and movement speed to assess motor activity. It was used SEM±M and analyze variance (2groups*3days) and independent-t tests to analyze data.Results indicated that In spatial learning, activity group was significantly better in acquisition (distance moved F2,44=6/578 p=0/003 and latency time F2,44=10/550, p=0/000 ), probe (time spend in target quarter t22=2/534 , p=0/019), and retrieval tests (distance moved t22=2/651, p-0/015) than control group. In motor activity there was no significant difference between two groups.The results of this study show that the forced running of rats on treadmill for a week can improve learning and memory.
