Does Amateur Boxing Leads to Chronic Attentional
Disorders?
Ali Akbar
Jaberi Moghaddam
Assistant Professor in the department of motor behavior, Faculty of physical
education and sport sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Ahmad
Farokhi
Assistant Professor in the department of motor behavior, Faculty of physical
education and sport sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mostafa
Khani
MA in motor behavior, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
Boxing is one of the organized high-contact sports that requires purposefulpunches to the head and body of the opponent in both amateur and professionallevels, so traumatic head injury in boxers isn’t impossible. In this type of injury,though intact cognitive functions, it is possible that total cognitive beneficiarybecome impaired as a result of distractibility, imperfect concentration, andaftermath fatigue. Thus, purpose of this study was to investigate attentionaldisorders in amateur boxing. Subjects of the study were 30 male experiencedamateur boxers (more than 4 years background, age= 24±3.1) as experimentalgroup, and 30 male novice amateur boxers (less than 1 year background,age=25±4.2) and 30 male 400 and 800 meter runners (age= 24±2.7) as controlgroups. We used DAUF continuous attention test to assess attentional component.In order to data analyzing was used MANOVA in the significance level of 0.05.Findings showed that in none of variables there were significant differencebetween groups (P>0.05), meaning that amateur boxing periods even longer than4 years doesn't lead to attentional disorders. Based on our findings, it is concludedthat intensity of punches in amateur boxing doesn't reach to threshold that lead tobrain damage at least in regions which control visual attention.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
415
431
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52767_57e3f0ba6628472708db5043ec2bd8eb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52767
The Effect of Two Types of Exercise (Endurance and Resistance) on Attention and Brain Derived Neurotropic
Factor Levels in Sedentary Students
Abolfazl
Shayan
M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport
Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Fazlolah
Bagherzadeh
Associate Professor of Motor
Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of
Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehdi
Shahbazi
Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of
Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Siroos
Choobineh
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and
Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The vital role of exercise in many aspects of daily life and somewhat cognitivefunctions are acknowledged but a point that has recently gained researchers'attention is to investigate the effect of different types of exercises on cognitivefunctions and the mediating mechanisms of this effect. The aim of this study was todetermine the effect of two types of endurance and resistance exercises on thelevels of attention and BDNF of sedentary students. Therefore, 46 sedentarystudents from University of Tehran (mean age 24.3+1.8 yr) were assigned to threegroups: endurance, resistance and control after the Stroop pretest. After bloodsamples had been collected, the subjects continued their exercise protocol for fiveweeks. Finally, at least 48 hours after the last session, the Stroop test wasperformed and blood samples were collected in order to eliminate the temporaryeffects of exercises. For data analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, paired sample ttest, one–way ANOVA, MANOVA test, Dunnett's T3 post hoc test and Pearsoncorrelation coefficient test were used (P≤0.05). Results showed a significantimprovement in the response time of Stroop test in both endurance and resistancegroups while expression of BDNF significantly increased only in endurance group(P<0.05). The control group showed no improvement in any variables. In addition,there was no significant difference between the effect of two types of exercise onthe response time of the Stroop test and expression of BDNF (P>0.05). There wasno significant correlation between the variations of response time of the Stroop testand expression of BDNF (P>0.05). Finally, this research indicated that exercisecan improve cognitive functions, but there was no significant difference betweenendurance and resistance exercises in response to this question that which activitywas more useful.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
433
452
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52768_9c18044896456e0a4016e31a1c3174d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52768
The Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Dynamic Balance of Young Men
Hasan
Mohammadzadeh
Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Urmia
University, Urmia, Iran
author
Mohammad Ali
Nazari
Associate Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
author
Mandana
Heidari
M.Sc. of Physical Education, Payam Noor University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Physical balance is one of the important factors in daily sport activities.Dynamic balance helps maintain the balance of those forces imposed on body insports and an increase in this balance improves motor and sport performance. Theaim of this study was to determine the effects of neurofeedback training on dynamicbalance of young men. 24 male undergraduate students voluntarily participated inthis study and were involved in a double-blind design including control andexperimental groups. The experimental group participated in neurofeedbacktraining including the inhibition of brainwaves of 4-7 Hz and the reinforcement ofbrainwaves of 15-18 Hz at O1-O2 regions of the hindbrain for 10 sessions and 30minutes per session. Participants in the control group were exposed to the samecondition, but instead they were provided with sham feedback. EEG and dynamicbalance tests were administered before, at the end of the fifth and tenth sessions oftraining for both groups. The results indicated that dynamic balance significantlyimproved in the fifth session and posttest. The findings demonstrate thatneurofeedback training can enhance dynamic balance of young men. It issuggested that this training should be used to increase dynamic balance of athletes.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
453
462
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52769_d4e2d187313d8cfcddf44c83fe30a833.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52769
Comparing the effectiveness of water-based exercises and Yoga on memory and dynamic balance of elder people
khadijeh
Irandoust
Assistant professor, department of physical education, faculty of social
science, International Imam Khomeini University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Morteza
Taheri
Assistant professor, department of physical education, faculty of social
science, International Imam Khomeini University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Ali
Seghatoleslami
Assistant professor, department of motor behavior, faculty of Physical Education,
University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of physical activity onmemory and dynamic balance of elder people. Subjects (n=15) were selected asvolunteers. The intervention was performed in an eighteen session period, threetimes a week (each session, 45 minutes). Yoga training was performed for mentalrelaxation. Wexler test was performed for memory evaluation. Seat up test wasused to test the dynamic balance. The results suggested that water-based exercisesand Yoga protocol have had a positive significant effect on memory (p=0.03) anddynamic balance. It was concluded that a selected physical activity program,especially water-based exercises has less potential for making people injured.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
463
473
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52770_86b5570877274605a31637663398514f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52770
The Effect of Attentional Instruction on Table Tennis Players' Performance under Pressure
Mohammad Reza
Ghasemian Moghadam
PHD Student of Motor Behavior, Physical Education Faculty, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hamidreza
Taheri
Associate Professor of Motor
Behavior, Physical Education Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pressure andattentional instruction on table tennis players' performance. For this purpose, 16table tennis players were tested in 4 conditions with different attentionalinstructions and pressure conditions. The test included a table tennis task: the ballcolor signified the target where the ball had to be hit and the player had to performtopspin drive against backspin balls that were thrown by the machine. Attentionalinstructions were different in task-irrelevant and task-relevant cues. Pressureconditions were manipulated through a competitive ranking and money prize.Participants' performances were assessed through accuracy in hitting definitetargets and verbal reaction time to attentional instructions. Data were analyzed bytwo-factorial ANOVA with repeated measures for each variable. The resultsshowed no significant difference in performance in different phases of the test(P>0.5). The only significant difference was related to the main effect of pressureon verbal reaction time, that is to say verbal reaction time increased under higherpressure (P<0.5). In total, the results indicated that under pressure, regardless ofthe type of attentional instruction, performance efficiency decreased.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
475
491
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52813_45da6309d9ed2163d69b75936497b7f0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52813
The Reliability and Validity of Balance Performance Clinical Tests in Hearing Impaired Persons with Moderate Hearing
Level
Ahmad
Ghotbi-Varzaneh
M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mehdi
Zarghami
Associate Professor of Motor Behavior,
Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Alireza
Bahrami
Assistant Professor of Physical Education, Humanity Sciences Faculty,
University of Arak, Arak, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity ofbalance performance clinical tests for hearing impaired persons with moderatehearing level. In this descriptive-survey study with repeated measures, 220 hearingimpaired subjects with normal intelligence and moderate hearing level wereselected as the statistical sample from all deaf and hearing impaired subjects whohad participated in national competitions in Arak city. The scale (3) of CattellCulture Fair Intelligence Test and motor performance clinical tests were used tocollect the data. After checking the date normality, data were analyzed with intraclassand interclass correlation coefficients and factor analysis tests. The resultsrevealed that finger-to-noise test with dominant hand (ICC=0.79), and with nondominanthand (ICC=0.81), time-up and go test (ICC=0.76), and tandem gait test(ICC=0.87) were reliable. But, the dominant and non-dominant single leg stancetests with open and closed eyes were not reliable (ICC<0.75). The validity ofbalance performance clinical tests was confirmed with factor analysis test. Overall,the finger-to-noise with dominant and non-dominant hand, the time-up and go, andthe tandem gait tests were the most stable tests to assess balance and coordinationof hearing impaired participants.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
493
510
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52771_525cba573bd2049deeb9db4a1abf14f5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52771
The Effect of a Period of Regular Exercise Activity on the Improvement of Adaptive Behavior in Educable Mentally
Retarded Students
Janbaba
Aghayinejad
M.Sc. of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch),
Isfahan, Iran
author
Salar
Faramarzi
Assistant Professor of Exceptional Children Psychology,
Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Mohamad
Karimi
M.Sc. of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Psychological findings show that a lower IQ score than the normal level is notenough to recognize someone as mentally retarded. In addition they have visibleand specific difficulties in their adaptive behaviors. Research on adaptivebehaviors is useful for those with specific needs and if mentally retarded childrenwant to adapt themselves to social life, they should improve their adaptivebehaviors. The current study aimed at determining the effect of a period of regularexercise activity on the improvement of adaptive behavior in 9-15-year-oldeducable mentally retarded students in Lordegan city. From 156 educable mentallyretarded students, 28 students were selected randomly and divided into two groupsof experimental (7 boys and 7 girls) and control (7 boys and 7 girls). Vinlandadaptive behavior Scale (1965) was used as the pretest. Then, the experimentalgroup took part in a period of exercise activity as an intervention program for 2months, 3 sessions every week, 45 minutes per session. The data were analyzed bycovariance using SPSS software (P˂0.05). The results showed a significantdifference between the performance of the two groups in adaptive behavior andsub-skills of socialization, communication, locomotion, dressing self-help, generalself-help and eating self-help (P<0.05) while there was no significant difference insub-skills of occupation and self-direction which showed that a period of regularexercise activity had an effect on the improvement of some sub-skills of adaptivebehavior in experimental group. This approach can be used in rehabilitation andinstruction of mentally retarded children.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
511
529
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52772_3e63a6a96d95415631065de3cd70537e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52772
The Effect of Different Sport Stress Coping Styles on Sources of Acute Stress and Salivary Cortisol in Wrestlers
Mohamad Hosein
Ghahramani
Ph.D. Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports
Sciences, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohamad Ali
Besharat
Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of
Tehran, Iran
author
Seyyed Reza
Attarzadeh Hosseini
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ali
Akbarnejad
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and
Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Coping style is one of the substantial factors influencing sport achievements insport competitions. The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect ofsport stress coping styles on sources of acute stress and salivary cortisol inwrestlers. With regard to the criteria and variables of this study, 30 out of 270active national wrestlers participated according to the cut-off point of coping stylesquestionnaire in two approach and avoidant coping groups. The participants wereasked to complete Sources of wrestling acute stress questionnaire and to collect thesaliva to measure salivary cortisol levels. Multivariate analysis of variance resultsindicated that sources of acute stress were significantly higher in approach copingwrestlers than avoidant coping group (P=0.001). Also, salivary cortisol level wassignificantly lower in avoidant coping group than the approach coping group(P=0.012). According to the results, different stress coping styles influencedperceived stress of acute stress and salivary cortisol levels in wrestlers. Thefindings of this study can be used in instruction of different sport stress copingstyles in wrestlers in order to reduce their mental pressure in the competitions.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
531
547
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52773_52841890601836ccbb600e7ba048656c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52773
Abstracts
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
University of Tehran
2008-9333
6
v.
4
no.
2015
1
8
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52892_eba3b26245882abb41c447264297c4ef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52892