ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factor Structure, Validity and Reliability of Sources of Acute Stress among Wrestling Questionnaire (SASWQ)
This study aimed at exploring the main sources of acute stress in wrestlersregarding the structure and the assessment of reliability and validity of the sourcesof acute stress in wrestlers questionnaire (SASWQ). For this purpose, thisquestionnaire was distributed among a sample of 330 wrestlers (mean age21.56+5.3) in Tehran who were selected by multistage random sampling method.Analysis of data with SPSS software showed that the Cronbach's alpha for all itemsof this questionnaire was 0.909 and alpha coefficient of the internal consistency forthe first and second section was 0.870 and 0.831 respectively. Content validity ofthe questionnaire showed the equity of each of the 8 principle components of acutestress in wrestlers including skill performance, evaluation, contest, error, prospect,time pressure, injury and environment as 2.43 on average through exploratoryfactor analysis in the principle component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation.In confirmatory factor analysis with Lisrel software, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92 andCFI=0.93 were obtained. The findings showed that SASWQ had acceptablereliability and validity and could measure the mentioned variable in the mentionedstatistical population.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50454_b852930d28deb2cdc306a382004699d7.pdf
2014-06-22
141
160
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50454
acute stress
Factor Structure
reliability
Source of Stress
sport psychology
Validity
Mohamad Hosein
Ghahramani
ghahramani.mohamadh@yahoo.com
1
Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Farsi
ghahramanimohamadhosein@mail.com
2
Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Besharat
ghahramani.mohamadhosen@gmail.com
3
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Behrouz
Abdoli
ghahramani.mohamadhoseien@gmail.com
4
Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surveying of Causal Attributions of Elite and Sub – Elite Male Athletes in Individual Sports(from the Perspective of
Athletes and Coaches)
Attribution theory is one of the psychological dynamic theories that explainsand describes people's perception of facts. Therefore, the aim of this research wasto study success and failure attributions in athletes and coaches. The population ofthis study consisted of athletes and coaches of national teams (elite) and clubteams (sub–elite) in swimming, badminton, karate, taekwondo, table tennis andwrestling. 120 male players and 12 coaches were selected through multistageconvenience sampling method. Then, data were collected by attribution stylesquestionnaire (ASQ). The data were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA at P˂0.05.The findings showed that elite athletes expressed more unstable and specificattributions in failure conditions. In contrast, sub–elite athletes expressed morestable and general attributions in failure conditions (P≤0.0001). As well, thecoaches of elite athletes expressed more stable and specific attributions than thecoaches of sub–elite athletes in success dimension (P≤0.0001). The results showedthat the casual attribution of athletes (elite and sub-elite) and their coaches (eliteand sub-elite) expressed elite athletes and coaches' privilege as elite athletesexpressed that most of the reasons for their success were internal, stable andgeneral. Also, athletes and coaches stated different attributions in the samesituation. It is recommended that coaches encourage their athletes to attempt moreto express all of their competencies in the competitions.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50455_de589678baa941012a641d4a07fcd1a1.pdf
2014-06-22
161
182
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50455
athletes
Attribution Styles
coaches
Failure
Individual Sports
Success
Amir Abbas
Gholipoor
1
M.Sc.University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shahbazi
shahbazimehdi@ut.ac.ir
2
Ph.D.University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fazlollah
Bagherzadeh
f.bagherzade@yahoo.com
3
Ph.D.University of Tehran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Happiness in Active and Inactive Old Men and Women in Tehran
This study attempted to evaluate the effect of engagement with physical activityon happiness of elderly men and women in Tehran city. The study populationincluded all the elderly in 22 regions of Tehran city and 400 subjects were selectedby multistage cluster sampling method as the sample of the study. To discriminateactive from inactive elderly subjects, Sharkey Physical Activity Questionnaire andto determine the amount of their happiness, Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI)was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. Allparticipants were more than 60 years old and had no psychological and physicaldisorders. After the questionnaires had been distributed and then collected and theraw data had been classified, SPSS13 software was used to analyze the data. Theresults of MANOVA at (P<0.0071) showed that active subjects significantly gainedhigher scores in all the happiness subscales such as life satisfaction, joy, selfesteem,control, efficiency, calmness and totally happiness than inactive subjectswhile gender and interaction of gender and activity level did not have anysignificant effect on happiness. Therefore, it can be stated that one of the factorsinfluencing happiness in the elderly is physical activity.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50456_de291595d78ee5b99a74324a37494e81.pdf
2014-06-22
183
194
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50456
Mansoureh
Mokaberian
mokaberian@shahroodut.ac.ir
1
Ph.D Student of University of Tehran(Kish International Campus)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Valiollah
Kashani
vahid.kashani64@gmail.com
2
Ph.D Student of University of Tehran(Kish International Campus)
AUTHOR
Kobra
Kashani
kobra_kashani55@yahoo.com
3
M.SC Azad University of Garmsar
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Namdar Tajari
somayehnamdar@yahoo.com
4
Ph.D Student of University of Tehran(Kish International Campus)
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Single Task and Dual Task Balance Training on the Balance of Older Adults
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three types of balancetraining: single task, dual task under fixed priority instructional set (Fp) and dualtask under a variable priority instructional set (Vp) on the balance of the elderly.The participants were 36 elderly over 65 years old from Kerman province whowere randomly divided into three groups (each 12 subjects) based on Burg pretestscores. The groups included single task, dual task under fixed priority and dualtask under variable priority. Experimental groups received 45 minutes of trainingsession, 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. For data analysis, ANCOVA andBonferroni post hoc test were used at (P≤0.05). The results showed that asignificant difference between single task and dual task under fixed priority groupsand also between single task and dual task under variable priority (P=0.008 andP=0.000 respectively). There was no significant difference between dual task underfixed priority and variable priority groups (P=0.149). In addition, the results inTug test under dual task condition showed a significant difference between singletask and dual task under fixed priority groups and also between single task anddual task under variable priority groups and also between dual task under fixedand variable priority groups (P=0.035, P=0.033, P=0.000 respectively). Theresults showed that single and dual task balance training improved balanceperformance in the elderly but those who had training under dual taskoutperformed under single and dual task conditions.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50457_6303f1c0260ac9f04bfc3d3e5fa688ff.pdf
2014-06-22
195
215
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50457
Aging
balance
Dual Task
Fixed Priority
Single Task
Variable Priority
Hesam
Iranmanesh
hesam.iranmanesh@gmail.com
1
M.Sc.University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elahe
Arab Ameri
eameri@ut.ac.ir
2
Ph.D.University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Farrokhi
farrokhi-ahmad@gmail.com
3
Ph.D.University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Hamideh
Iranmanesh
hamideh_iranmanesh@yahoo.com
4
M.Sc.Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study about Effectiveness of two Different Teaching Methods of Traditional and Integrated of Physical Education on Learning Biology and Development of Social Skills of Male Junior High Students
The major aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two teachingmethods of traditional (common) and integrated for physical education on learningbiology and developing social skills in male junior students. This study was semiexperimentalwhich was conducted in Islamshahr city for 12 weeks. The statisticalpopulation consisted of 79 volunteer junior students who studied the second gradeand 52 students were selected by an IQ test and were assigned to two groups oftraditional (n=26) and integrated (n=26) purposively. During these three months,physical education and biology were taught by the common method (separately)for the traditional group while biology was integrated with physical education andtaught for the integrated group. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, UMann Whitney test and t test. The results revealed a significant difference inlearning biology between traditional and integrated groups at α<0.05. The t testresults revealed a significant difference in the mean scores of impulsive behaviorsbetween traditional and integrated groups at α<0.01, that is, the mean scoressignificantly decreased in the integrated method compared to the traditionalmethod. Also, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of suitablesocial behaviors of subjects between integrated and traditional groups (α<0.001).In other words, mean scores of the students in the integrated group significantlyincreased compared to the traditional group.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50458_2aa034e25c1567e691f1c85d94d7fdcb.pdf
2014-06-22
217
230
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50458
Integrated Teaching
learning
Social Skills
Teaching method
Traditional Teaching
Seyyed Amir Ahmad
Mozaffari
1
Professor Islamic Azad University, science and research branch, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
Leila
Sabaghiyanrad
2
Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, science and research branch
AUTHOR
Hojat
Hatami
hojat_hatami@yahoo.com
3
Ph.D Student, science & research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Age-related Differences in Postural Control: Role of Sensory Information
Postural control requires the integration of sensory information in the visual,vestibular, and senses the body systems. Also research has shown that the sensorysystems involved in postural control, decreased with increasing age. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the effects of age and manipulation of sensoryinformation on the postural control. For this purpose, displacement of the anterior- posterior, middle – lateral and speed center of pressure (COP) 22 elderly (59/54± 2/31 year) and 25 young men (23/12±3/26 year) that selected based on targetand availability from Shahid Chamran University students and staff in fourdifferent sensory conditions including 1) open eyes an hard surface 2) eyes openon soft surface3) eyes closed on hard surface 4) eyes closed on soft surface duringthree 30-second efforts with 5 min rest intervals between efforts evaluated. Afterinvestigating the data normality with kolmogorov smirnov and equality of varianceusing the leven test, data using multivariable variance analysis and one-wayvariance analysis was analyzed. Significant differences was observed betweenyoung and elderly groups in all conditions, also removes the visual and plantarproprioceptive information lead to increased sway in the two groups that increasewas greater in the elderly than in young group. This results indicate theimportance of visual information and plantar proprioceptive in postural control,especially in the elderly.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50459_0c4a0ad091ad0b2c5acff27122dc9dd9.pdf
2014-06-22
231
243
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50459
Elderly
young
Postural control
open eye
closed eye
hard surface
soft surface
Javad
Parhizkar Kohneh Ovqaz
parhizkarjavad@yahoo.com
1
Master of Science of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghotbi Varzaneh
laboratory90@ymail.com
2
Master of Science of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir Hossein
Ghorbani
3
Master of Science of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Overt and Covert Motivational Self-talk on Performance and Perceived Exertion Rate of Wrestlers in
Progressive Exhaustion Exercise
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of overt and covert motivationalself-talk on perceived exertion and performance in a progressive exercise untilexhaustion in wrestlers. The population consisted of wrestlers in Urmia and 15volunteer subjects were selected. This study was performed in three sessions with aone-week interval. The first session was held without self–talk while the second andthird sessions were held covertly and overtly respectively. Bruce aerobic exercisetest was used in this study as well. The time to exhaustion was considered asperformance. Burg scale was used every 3 minutes in order to measure subjects'exhaustion. To analyze the data, ANOVA with repeated measures and TUKEY posthoc test was used. The results showed that only covert self-talk had a significanteffect on subjects’ performance (P=0.002). Also, overt motivational self-talk(P=0.001) significantly decreased the subjects' perceived exertion rather thancovert self–talk. There was no significant difference between covert self-talk andwithout self–talk (P=0.121). In conclusion, overt motivational self-talk decreasedthe perceived exertion of the subjects in the progressive exercise until exhaustionwhile covert motivational self-talk improved subjects’ endurance.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50460_d09eebd5ba04a0daaed41fc2fcde1591.pdf
2014-06-22
245
257
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50460
Covert Self-Talk
motivational self-talk
Overt Self-Talk
progressive exercise
wrestlers
Mohammad Sadegh
Afroozeh
s_afroozeh@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D.Student Kharazmi University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Mohammadzadeh Jahatloo
esheba@gmail.com
2
Ph.D. Urmia University
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Edrisi Kolur
3
M.Sc.Urmia University.
AUTHOR
Ali
Afroozeh
a.afroozeh@yahoo.com
4
B.A.Student Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Exercise (Swimming and Running) on Motor Function, learning and Spatial Memory in Elder Male Wistar
Rats
In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. Thestudy was experimental. 30 rats (18 months old) were randomly divided intothree groups: experimental 1 (running on a treadmill), experimental 2 (swimmingin the water maze) and control. Rat treadmill was used for subjects' exercise,Morris water maze device was used to apply exercise protocol and to examine theirmemory and learning and open field device was used to examine subjects' motorfunction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The resultswere reported as mean + SD and suggested that in spatial memory test (time toreach the target and the covered distance to reach the target), Experimental 1group (swimming) significantly outperformed control and experimental 2 (running)groups (P=0.001). Treadmill group had a better performance in spatial memorytest (time to reach the target) than control group (P=0.04). In motor function test(open field test), experimental 1 and 2 groups were significantly superior to thecontrol group in the total distance covered (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). In themean speed covered in the open field test, Experimental 1 and 2 groups weresignificantly superior to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.003 respectively). Theresults showed that aerobic exercise especially swimming had a positive effect onmemory consolidation, retention and motor function, that is, exercise probablyimproves reward paths in the nervous system of the rats and this factor can be areason for memory consolidation and learning in the nervous system.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_50461_0e271e26d41e54120fa5d43f5cb9f384.pdf
2014-06-22
259
270
10.22059/jmlm.2014.50461
exercise
Motor Function
rat
Running
Spatial memory
swimming
Khadije
Irandoust
1
Assistant professor of International Imam Khomini University
AUTHOR
Morteza
Taheri
morteza@yahoo.com
2
Assistant professor of International Imam Khomini University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Sadeghi
sadeghi@ik.iu.ir
3
Assistant professor of International Imam Khomini University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
English Abstracts
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_52108_86ae4b16c9e63eb01a7748b2b4374766.pdf
2014-06-22
1
8
10.22059/jmlm.2014.52108