ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Self – Control and Instructor- Control Feedbacks after Good and Poor Trials on Acquisition and Learning of a Throwing Task in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Self-controlled feedback is a kind of augmented feedback which is represented by the request of learner. The aim of the present study was to compare self–control and instructor-control feedbacks after good and poor trials on acquisition and learning of a throwing task in children with cerebral palsy. 60 children with cerebral palsy (age range: 7-12 years old) were selected by convenience sampling method from special schools in Tehran city. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: instructor-control feedback after good trials, instructor-control feedback after poor trials, and self-control feedback. At the end of the acquisition phase, participants of self–control group were divided into 2 groups (self–control feedback after good trials and self–control feedback after poor trails). One-way ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test were used at (P<0.05). In the acquisition phase, no significant differences were observed among the groups (P=0.64). But self-control feedback group after good trials outperformed all groups in retention (P=0.001) and transfer (P=0.001) phases. In instructor-control condition, among those participants receiving feedback after good trials and in feedback received after poor trials condition, self-control subjects showed more progress. Thus, due to the low capacity of information processing in children, motivational role of feedback in self-control condition and after good trials leads to their better learning.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71808_63d2b11adf5b38b44ca04a135628098f.pdf
2019-05-22
1
16
10.22059/jmlm.2017.119607.908
Cerebral palsy
good and poor trials
instructor-control feedback
self-control feedback
throwing task
Fazlollah
Bagherzadeh
behbagherzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Mirakhori
fatememirakhori@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Pourazar
mortezapourazar@ut.ac.ir
3
PhD, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Schmidt RA, Young DE, Swinnen S, Shapiro DC. Summary knowledge of results for skill acquisition: Support for the guidance hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 1989;15(2):352.
1
2. Magill RA, Anderson DI. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications: McGraw-Hill New York; 2007.
2
3. Salmoni AW, Schmidt RA, Walter CB. Knowledge of results and motor learning: a review and critical reappraisal. Psychological bulletin. 1984;95(3):355.
3
4. Chiviacowsky S, Wulf G. Self-controlled feedback: Does it enhance learning because performers get feedback when they need it? Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2002;73(4):408-15.
4
5. Janelle CM, Kim J, Singer RN. Subject-controlled performance feedback and learning of a closed motor skill. Perceptual and motor skills. 1995;81(2):627-34.
5
6. Chiviacowsky S, Wulf G. Feedback after good trials enhances learning. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2007;78(2):40-7.
6
7. Ilies R, Judge TA. Goal regulation across time: the effects of feedback and affect. Journal of applied psychology. 2005;90(3):453.
7
8. Ahmadi P, Sabzi HA, Heirani A, Hasanvand B. The effect of Feedback after good, poor, good poor Trials, and self-control Conditions in an Acquisition and Learning of force Production Task. Facta universitatis-series: Physical Education and Sport. 2011;9(1):35-43.
8
9. Badami R, Kohestani S, Taghian F. Feedback on more accurate trials enhances learning of sport skills. World applied sciences journal. 2011;133:537-40.
9
10. Badami R, VaezMousavi M, Wulf G, Namazizadeh M. Feedback after good versus poor trials affects intrinsic motivation. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2011;82(2):360-4.
10
11. Wright DL, Smith-Munyon VL, Sidaway B. How close is too close for precise knowledge of results? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1997;68(2):172-6.
11
12. Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors. Disability and rehabilitation. 2006;28(4):183-91.
12
13. Rogers S. Common conditions influencing children’s participation. Occupational Therapy for Children 5th ed, Mosby Co, Boston. 2005:176-80.
13
14. MOHAMADIAN F, SOURTIJI H, HOSSEINI SMS. A new approach in rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. 2011.
14
15. Soleimani F, Sourtiji H. Evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors of children with cerebral palsy referred from health-care centers in north and east of Tehran. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2009;67(6).
15
16. Dalvand H, Dehghan L, Hadian MR, Feizy A, Hosseini SA. Relationship between gross motor and intellectual function in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2012;93(3):480-4.
16
17. Hemayattalab R, Rostami LR. Effects of frequency of feedback on the learning of motor skill in individuals with cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2010;31(1):212-7.
17
18. Hemayattalab R, Arabameri E, Pourazar M, Ardakani MD, Kashefi M. Effects of self-controlled feedback on learning of a throwing task in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Research in developmental disabilities. 2013;34(9):2884-9.
18
19. Chiviacowsky S, de Medeiros FL, Kaefer A, Wally R, Wulf G. Self-controlled feedback in 10-year-old children: higher feedback frequencies enhance learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2008;79(1):122-7.
19
20. Chiviacowsky S, Wulf G. Self-controlled feedback is effective if it is based on the learner's performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2005;76(1):42-8.
20
21. Wulf G, Raupach M, Pfeiffer F. Self-controlled observational practice enhances learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2005;76(1):107-11.
21
22. Hartman JM. An investigation of learning advantages associated with self-control: Theoretical explanation and practical application: University of Virginia; 2005.
22
23. West RL, Bagwell DK, Dark-Freudeman A. Memory and goal setting: the response of older and younger adults to positive and objective feedback. Psychology and aging. 2005;20(2):195.
23
24. Chiviacowsky S, Godinho M, Tani G. Self-controlled knowledge of results: Effects of different schedules and task complexity. Journal of Human Movement Studies. 2005;49(4):277-96.
24
25. Chiviacowsky S, Wulf G, de Medeiros FL, Kaefer A, Tani G. Learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results in 10-year-old children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2008;79(3):405-10.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Emergence of Special Skill in Basketball Free Throw with Different Levels of Expertise
The aim of this study was to investigate the emergence of special skill in basketball free throw at different skill levels based on Newell's model of learning stages. Participants were assigned to three skill groups (n=10): coordination group, coordination control group, and optimization group. They threw 350 fixed shots from 7 parametric points (2.74, 3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, 5.79, 6.4), carrying out 50 shots in each point. Regression analysis showed that the accuracy of those who were in the third stage of Newell's model in 4.57 m point, which is the same line of penalty, was significantly higher than the anticipated regression equation and supported the emergence of special skill (P>0.05), but the rest of the points did not follow the principles of force variability and performance accuracy decreased by increasing distance parameter. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the rest of the points had no contribution to the emergence of special skill and this conclusion may be the reason for rejecting generalized theory in the creation of special skill.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71827_2a26a1b23abe7cf44e793fcf0a6d2d46.pdf
2019-05-22
17
33
10.22059/jmlm.2019.134813.985
Generalization of practice
Newell model
schema theory
special skill
specificity of practice
Faranak
Poorhosseini
faranakpoorhosseini@gmail.com
1
Ph.D Student, Department of Motor Learning and Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shahbazi
shahbazimehdi@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahzad
Tahmasebi Boroujeni
shahzadtahmaseb@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. review RS-P, 1975 undefined. A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. psycnet.apa.org [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https:// psycnet.apa.org/record/1975-26710-001?casa_token=iI0SDB7HmiAAAAAA:hF22m9 cw 8DbTijPNyNj6BZVT3R1Mji4VYm4aJm2H94upGpAz5xQGEH_TbG9RPvAtbGcXfWk5Dier-dxYSZEAfUkW
1
2. Keetch K, Schmidt R, … TL-J of experimental, 2005 undefined. Especial skills: their emergence with massive amounts of practice. psycnet.apa.org [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-13471-011?casa_ token=sjHSkIlX9c4AAAAA:8NUaFWerfe774HNVjCMRdvqyUUsfe1bRHU1tzeYdo4Msm8TwDwAh5m-DLrv8x2SMqJ5qzomdUTgZhEHrVA-4uk14
2
3. Schmidt RA. Motor Schema Theory after 27 Years: Reflections and Implications for a New Theory. Res Q Exerc Sport [Internet]. 2003 Dec [cited 2019 May 20];74(4):366–75. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609106
3
4. Breslin G, Hodges N, Kennedy R, psychologica MH-A, 2010 undefined. An especial skill: Support for a learned parameters hypothesis. Elsevier [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000169180900184X
4
5. Oliveira R de, … RO-J of E, 2009 undefined. Experts appear to use angle of elevation information in basketball shooting. psycnet.apa.org [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-07761-010?casa_token= UOcci6nn6UMAAAAA:_W95OxsMx0i40jcBZ1eIHqL7yUFrez48Kb51Qg60PsxY-HuB SCI3W_Lg79iDlFe6Mt6sEQWM4Ia7ND4ahO9p9JPC
5
6. Bernstein N. Chapter IV Some Emergent Problems of the Regulation of Motor Acts. Adv Psychol [Internet]. 1984 Jan 1 [cited 2019 May 20];17:343–71. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016641150861376X
6
7. Kelso JA. Phase transitions and critical behavior in human bimanual coordination. Am J Physiol Integr Comp Physiol [Internet]. 1984 Jun [cited 2019 May 20];246(6):R1000–4. Available from: http://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.6.R1000
7
8. mechanics AO-I journal of non-linear, 2000 undefined. Quadratic stability of dynamical systems with perturbations. Elsevier [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020746298000869
8
9. Davids K, Button C, Bennett S. Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2019 May 20]. Available from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18139
9
10. Czyż SH, Breslin G, Kwon O, Mazur M, Kobiałka K, Pizlo Z. Especial Skill Effect Across Age and Performance Level: The Nature and Degree of Generalization. J Mot Behav [Internet]. 2013 Mar [cited 2019 May 20];45(2):139–52. Available from: http://www. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222895.2013.763763
10
11. Breslin G, Hodges N, Steenson A, psychologica AW-A, 2012 undefined. Constant or variable practice: Recreating the especial skill effect. Elsevier [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00016918120005 6X
11
12. Hopkins DR, Shick J PJ. AAHPERD skills test manual: Basketball for boys and girls. Reston, VA AAHPERD. 1984;
12
13. Keetch K, Lee T, and RS-J of S, 2008 undefined. Especial skills: Specificity embedded within generality. journals.humankinetics.com [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 20]; Available from: https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/jsep.30.6.723
13
14. Schmidt R, Lee T. Motor learning and performance: from principles to application [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 May 20]. Available from: https://books.google.ca/books?hl= en&lr=&id=pPB6DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=schmidt+lee+motor+learning&ots=6Sn7jxfaOd&sig=Nh5uoFRcz6wZXVNRg8tILuG_Azs
14
15. Sherwood DE, Lee TD. Schema Theory: Critical Review and Implications for the Role of Cognition in a New Theory of Motor Learning. Res Q Exerc Sport [Internet]. 2003 Dec [cited 2019 May 20];74(4):376–82. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi /abs/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609107
15
16. Davids K, Bennett S, Newell K. Movement system variability [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2019 May 20]. Available from: https://books.google.ca/books?hl =en&lr=&id=IAamvxsVlGAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=11.%09Davids,+K.,+Bennett,+S.,+%26+Newell,+K.+M.+(2006).+%22Movement+system+variability%22.+2006:+Human+kinetics&ots=4XuALWiaM8&sig=xsaJxZONMELSNqO9BRIcTeXI9Bo
16
17. Abdolshai M, Farokhi A, Jaberi Moghadan AA, Vaez Mosavi SMK, Kazemnejad A. Specify the especial skill in backhand short badminton serve: A challenge to schema theory. 2013 [cited 2019 May 20];3(5):1–12. Available from: https://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1755-en.html
17
18. Griffin L, Mitchell S, Oslin J. Teaching sports concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. [Internet]. 1997 [cited 2019 May 20]. Available from: https://www.cabdirect.org /cabdirect/abstract/19971807615
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Quiet Eye Training on Gaze Behaviors and Anticipation of Soccer Penalty Kick in Expert Goalkeepers
Successful anticipation is a key factor for success in saving soccer penalty kick for goalkeepers and introducing optimal interventions to enhance this ability can be useful for improving the level of performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on anticipation of penalty kick by expert goalkeepers and their gaze behaviors during this anticipation. Participants were 20 expert goalkeepers working in Tehran pro league matches who were randomly assigned to training and placebo groups and passed tests and training interventions. Gaze data were registered using Pupil eye tracker and penalty kick anticipation was recorded using temporal occlusion paradigm. 30 videos of real penalty kicks by expert soccer players were recorded and ball-foot contact moments were occluded so that goalkeepers could anticipate the direction of ball kicking in those videos. Results of 2*4 mixed ANOVA showed that despite of homogeneity of training and placebo groups in pretest (P>0.05), training group had advantage in other phases and this advantage was maintained under pressure (P<0.05). The training enhanced successful anticipation and changed gaze behaviors proportional to successful anticipation and these changes were sustained during 72 hours of retention and transfer test under pressure. Training interventions based on quiet eye can be used as a training package along with physical training and skills of soccer goalkeepers and therefore help them to improve perceptual capabilities and to optimally use visual signs.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71813_cdac436e8a62a758e321b11ad18a34d4.pdf
2019-05-22
35
51
10.22059/jmlm.2019.246558.1319
Anticipation
expertise
goalkeeping
gaze
penalty
perception
Ali
Pashabadi
pashabadi@ut.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Student in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Farsi
alirezafarci@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Bahram
abbas21ir@yahoo.com
3
Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afkham
Daneshfar
a.daneshfar@alzahra.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Baker J, Farrow D. Routledge handbook of sport expertise [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Jan 7]. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=utMqBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg= PP1&dq=J+Baker,+2015+Routledge+handbook+of+sport+expertise+&ots=Z8vK6Uv769&sig=GOB0QbKBdsa3zffoD1t_1T-CaZQ
1
2. Abernethy B. Visual Search in Sport and Ergonomics: Its Relationship to Selective Attention and Performer Expertise. Hum Perform. 1988;
2
3. Williams AM, Davids K, Williams JG. Visual perception and action in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1999.
3
4. Abernethy B, Zawi K. Pickup of essential kinematics underpins expert perception of movement patterns. J Mot Behav. 2007;
4
5. Magill RA. Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications. Curr Biol. 2007;
5
6. Alder D, Ford PR, Causer J, Williams AM. The coupling between gaze behavior and opponent kinematics during anticipation of badminton shots. Hum Mov Sci. 2014;
6
7. Vickers JN. Visual control when aiming at a far target. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996;
7
8. Chia SJ, Chow JY, Kawabata M, Dicks M, Lee M. An exploratory analysis of variations in quiet eye duration within and between levels of expertise. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2017;
8
9. Loffing F, Hagemann N. Skill differences in visual anticipation of type of throw in team-handball penalties. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;
9
10. (CISS) JV-CI in SS, 2016 undefined. Origins and current issues in Quiet Eye research. momentum-quarterly.org [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 4]; Available from: https://www.momentum-quarterly.org/ojs2/index.php/ciss/article/view/36
10
11. Abernethy B. Visual Search in Sport and Ergonomics: Its Relationship to Selective Attention and Performer Expertise. Hum Perform [Internet]. 1988 Dec [cited 2017 Dec 29];1(4):205–35. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/ s15327043hup0104_1
11
12. Panchuk D, Vickers JN. Gaze behaviors of goaltenders under spatial-temporal constraints. Hum Mov Sci. 2006;
12
13. van der Kamp J, Farrow D, Abernethy B. Exploring the merits of perceptual anticipation in the soccer penalty kick. Motor Control. 2011;
13
14. Williams A, Ford P, … DE-AC, 2011 undefined. Perceptual‐cognitive expertise in sport and its acquisition: Implications for applied cognitive psychology. Wiley Online Libr [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 7]; Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1002/acp.1710/full
14
15. 日本教科教育学会誌 GT-, 1981 undefined. Marteniuk, RG,(1976), Information Processing in Motor Skills., Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ci.nii.ac.jp [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 8]; Available from: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110008093860/
15
16. Williams AM, Ward P, Smeeton NJ, Allen D. Developing anticipation skills in tennis using on-court instruction: Perception versus perception and action. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2004;
16
17. North JS, Williams AM, Hodges N, Ward P, Ericsson KA. Perceiving patterns in dynamic action sequences: Investigating the processes underpinning stimulus recognition and anticipation skill. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2009;
17
18. Williams A, Ward P, … JK-J of E, 2002 undefined. Anticipation skill in a real-world task: measurement, training, and transfer in tennis. psycnet.apa.org [Internet]. [cited 2017 Dec 30]; Available from: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xap/8/4/259/
18
19. Wilson M, Causer J, sport JV-R handbook of, 2015 undefined. The quiet eye as a characteristic of expertise. books.google.com [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 4]; Available from: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=utMqBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA22&dq=wilson,+causer,+wickers+2015+quiet+eye&ots=Z8vK3Zv9b9&sig=QUw0ooEGy-1cOMZSBkTA9jtKYd8
19
20. Corbetta M, neuroscience GS-N reviews, 2002 undefined. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. nature.com [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 4]; Available from: https://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n3/abs/nrn755.html
20
21. Causer J, Holmes PS, Williams AM. Quiet eye training in a visuomotor control task. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;
21
22. Kim S, Sports SL-IJ of A, 2006 undefined. Gaze Behavior of Elite Soccer Goalkeeper in Successful Penalty Kick Defense. search.ebscohost.com [Internet]. [cited 2017 Dec 30]; Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope =site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=15982939&AN=23722330&h=TD4INahaNFCvolLSGO9UhuiDWA92zVTJHEgjAZiBN%2FE5ORCbCZWZTDaE7UqTiIeqYWNRPp3%2Fcl98qYuZAQo3Gw%3D%3D&crl=c
22
23. Savelsbergh GJP, Williams AM, Kamp J Van Der, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci [Internet]. 2002 Jan [cited 2018 Jan 9];20(3):279–87. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10. 1080/026404102317284826
23
24. Woolley TL, Crowther RG, Doma K, Connor JD. The use of spatial manipulation to examine goalkeepers’ anticipation. J Sports Sci. 2015;
24
25. WILLIAMS M, DAVIDS K, BURWITZ L, WILLIAMS J. Cognitive Knowledge and Soccer Performance. Percept Mot Skills. 1993;
25
26. Savelsbergh GJPP, Van der Kamp J, Williams AM, Ward P. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers [Internet]. Ergonomics Sep 15, 2005 p. 1686–97. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00140130500101346
26
27. Abernethy B, Wood JM, Parks S. Can the anticipatory skills of experts be learned by novices? Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999;
27
28. Hagemann N, Strauss B, Cañal-bruland R. Training Perceptual Skill by Orienting Visual Attention. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2006;
28
29. Hagemann N, Memmert D. Coaching anticipatory skill in badminton: Laboratory versus field-based perceptual training. Journal of Human Movement Studies. 2006.
29
30. Murgia M, Sors F, Muroni AF, Santoro I, Prpic V, Galmonte A, et al. Using perceptual home-training to improve anticipation skills of soccer goalkeepers. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;
30
31. Vine SJ, Moore LJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers. Front Psychol. 2011;
31
32. Wood G, Wilson MR. Quiet-eye training for soccer penalty kicks. Cogn Process [Internet]. 2011 Aug 13 [cited 2018 Jan 9];12(3):257–66. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10339-011-0393-0
32
33. Harle SK, Vickers JN. Training Quiet Eye Improves Accuracy in the Basketball Free Throw. Sport Psychol [Internet]. 2001 Sep [cited 2018 Jan 9];15(3):289–305. Available from: http://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/10.1123/tsp.15.3.289
33
34. Fischer L, Rienhoff R, Tirp J, Baker J, Strauss B, Schorer J. Retention of quiet eye in older skilled basketball players. J Mot Behav. 2015;
34
35. Causer J, Bennett SJ, Holmes PS, Janelle CM, Williams AM. Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;
35
36. Miles CAL, Wood G, Vine SJ, Vickers JN, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training aids the long-term learning of throwing and catching in children: Preliminary evidence for a predictive control strategy. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;
36
37. Hancock DJ, Ste-Marie DM. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher- and lower-level ice hockey referees. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013;
37
38. Bernardin D, Kadone H, Bennequin D, Sugar T, Zaoui M, Berthoz A. Gaze anticipation during human locomotion. Exp Brain Res. 2012;
38
39. Vine SJ, Wilson MR. Quiet eye training: Effects on learning and performance under pressure. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2010;
39
40. Wood G, Wilson MR. Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2012;
40
41. Vickers JNJ. Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. [Internet]. Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. 2007 [cited 2018 Jan 9]. 273 p. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id= 2iVyZNLnVxMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=quiet+eye+vickers&ots=aIXOTIxpP4&sig=G2oqHum4TRdRPr0O-VoQrpCYev4
41
42. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. In: Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 2009.
42
43. Cramer D, Howitt D. The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics: A Practical Resource for Students in the Social Sciences. Statistics. 2004.
43
44. Farrow D, Abernethy B. Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video-based perceptual training? J Sports Sci. 2002;
44
45. Henderson JM. Human gaze control during real-world scene perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003.
45
46. Williams M, of IG-J, 2002 undefined. A kinematic analysis of the prevalence of pre-impact cues in the football penalty kick. TAYLOR Fr LTD 11 NEW … [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 8]; Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q= A+kinematic+analysis+of+the+prevalence+of+pre-impact+cues+in+the+football+penalty+kick&btnG=
46
47. Franks I, SOCCER IH-, 1997 undefined. Cues for Goalkeepers-High-tech methods used to measure penalty shot response. Natl SOCCER Coach [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 8]; Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q= Cues+for+ Goalkeepers-High-tech+methods+used+to+measure+penalty+shot+response.&btnG=
47
48. McMorris T, Colenso S. Anticipation of professional soccer goalkeepers when facing right- and left-footed penalty kicks. Percept Mot Skills. 1996;
48
49. Vine SJ, Wilson MR. The influence of quiet eye training and pressure on attention and visuo-motor control. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011;136(3):340–6.
49
50. Broadbent D, Causer J, … AW-E journal of, 2015 undefined. Perceptual-cognitive skill training and its transfer to expert performance in the field: Future research directions. Taylor Fr [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 4]; Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/ doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2014.957727
50
51. Jordet G, Hartman E, Visscher C, Lemmink KAPM. Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: The roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes. J Sports Sci. 2007;
51
52. Wilson MR, Wood G, Vine SJ. Anxiety, Attentional Control, and Performance Impairment in Penalty Kicks. J Sport Exerc Psychol [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2017 Dec 29];31(6):761–75. Available from: http://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/10.1123/ jsep.31.6.761
52
53. Eysenck M, Derakshan N, Santos R, Emotion MC-, 2007 undefined. Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. psycnet.apa.org [Internet]. [cited 2017 Dec 29]; Available from: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/emo/7/2/336/
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Determination of Validity and Reliability of the Abbreviated Version of BES Test in the Elderly
The aim of this study was to determinate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly. The final version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly was retranslated and developed based on the viewpoints of experts in elderly studies. 100 elderly men and women were voluntarily selected from Hakim Elahi nursing home in Semnan city. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to examine factorial and construct validity and internal consistency respectively. Findings indicated good fit of the factor analysis model over the Persian version of the Brief-BES Test in the elderly. In addition, the results of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated the acceptable internal consistency of this tool. Proper translation and selecting a heterogeneous sample may have contributed to the good fit of the factor analysis model.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71828_effe89da13e7a7785f276864da701f00.pdf
2019-05-22
53
69
10.22059/jmlm.2018.246238.1317
balance
balance systems
Berg test
multiple sclerosis patients
the elderly
Valiollah
Kashani
vahid.kashani64@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Mokaberian
mokaberian@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behroz
Gol Mohamadi
gol_b_2005@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Salmanzade
salman.reza.68@gmail.com
4
MSc in Motor Behavior, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sheibani Tazraji F, Pakdaman S, Dadkhah A, Hasanzadeh Tavakoli MR. The Effect of Music Therapy on Depression and Loneliness in Old People. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2010;5(2):0-. eng.
1
2. Goldsmith TC. Aging as an evolved characteristic–Weismann’s theory reconsidered. Medical hypotheses. 2004;62(2):304-8.
2
3. Rogers ME, Rogers NL, Takeshima N, Islam MM. Methods to assess and improve the physical parameters associated with fall risk in older adults. Preventive medicine. 2003;36(3):255-64.
3
4. Karimi Torghabeh E, Ehsani M, Koozechian H, Mehrabi Y. Effect of 16 Weeks Walking With Different Dosages on Psychosocial Function Related Quality of Life Among 60 to 75 Years Old Men. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2011;5(4):0-. eng.
4
5. Clary S, Barnes C, Bemben D, Knehans A, Bemben M. Effects of ballates, step aerobics, and walking on balance in women aged 50–75 years. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2006;5(3):390.
5
6. Sadeghi H, Norouzi H, Karimi Asl A, Montazer M. Functional Training Program Effect on Static and Dynamic Balance in Male Able-bodied Elderly. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2008;3(2):565-71. eng.
6
7. Taghdisi MH, Doshmangir P, Dehdari T, Doshmangir L. Influencing Factors on Healthy Lifestyle From Viewpoint of Ederly People: Qualitative Study. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2013;7(4):47-58.
7
8. Khaledan A. The effect of physical activity on physiological and functional capacities of older individuals and aging. 2000.
8
9. Lin HW, Bhattacharyya N. Balance disorders in the elderly: epidemiology and functional impact. The Laryngoscope. 2012;122(8):1858-61.
9
10. Miller CA. The connection between drugs and falls in elders. Geriatric Nursing. 2002;2(23):109-10.
10
11. Kuptniratsaikul V PR, Assantachai P, Ploypetch T, Udompunturak S, Pooliam J. . Effectiveness of simple balancing training program in elderly patients with history of frequent falls. Clinical interventions in aging. 2011;6(11).
11
12. Horak FB, Wrisley DM, Frank J. The balance evaluation systems test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits. Physical therapy. 2009;89(5):484-98.
12
13. Leddy AL, Crowner BE, Earhart GM. Functional gait assessment and balance evaluation system test: reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for identifying individuals with Parkinson disease who fall. Physical therapy. 2011;91(1):102-13.
13
14. Huang MH, Miller K, Smith K, Fredrickson K, Shilling T. Reliability, validity, and minimal detectable change of Balance Evaluation Systems Test and its short versions in older cancer survivors: a pilot study. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2016;39(2):58-63.
14
15. Franchignoni F, Horak F, Godi M, Nardone A, Giordano A. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: the mini-BESTest. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2010;42(4):323-31.
15
16. Padgett PK, Jacobs JV, Kasser SL. Is the BESTest at its best? A suggested brief version based on interrater reliability, validity, internal consistency, and theoretical construct. Physical therapy. 2012;92(9):1197-207.
16
17. Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1993;46(12):1417-32.
17
18. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications; 2015.
18
19. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Articles. 2008:2.
19
20. Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research: Guilford Publications; 2014.
20
21. Loehlin JC. Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis: Psychology Press; 2004.
21
22. Bentler PM. Fit indexes, Lagrange multipliers, constraint changes and incomplete data in structural models. Multivariate Behavioral Research. 1990;25(2):163-72.
22
23. Duncan RP, Leddy AL, Cavanaugh JT, Dibble LE, Ellis TD, Ford MP, et al. Comparative utility of the BESTest, mini-BESTest, and brief-BESTest for predicting falls in individuals with Parkinson disease: a cohort study. Physical therapy. 2013;93(4):542-50.
23
24. O’Hoski S, Sibley KM, Brooks D, Beauchamp MK. Construct validity of the BESTest, mini-BESTest and briefBESTest in adults aged 50 years and older. Gait & posture. 2015;42(3):301-5.
24
25. Marques A, Almeida S, Carvalho J, Cruz J, Oliveira A, Jacome C. Reliability, validity, and ability to identify fall status of the balance evaluation systems test, mini–balance evaluation systems test, and brief–balance evaluation systems test in older people living in the community. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2016;97(12):2166-73. e1.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of the Müller-Lyer Goalkeepers’ Illusion on Perceptions and Location of Throws of Penalty Takers
The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether the goalkeepers’ postures that mimic the Müller–Lyer illusion can influence penalty-takers’ perceptions and the location of throws. A representation of a goalkeeper was projected onto a blank screen (without goalposts and crossbar). The goalkeeper was displayed in arms-up (45 degrees above horizon), arms-out (horizontal, as control), and arms-down (45 degrees below horizon) postures. Participants (11 young male handball players) performed two tasks. They stood in front of the screen at a distance of 5 m and observed the goalkeeper displayed in one of the three postures. The participants were asked either to throw a tennis ball, or aim a laser pointer at, the horizontal position of the goalkeeper’s hand. The horizontal distances of throwing and aiming locations were measured from the midline of the body of the goalkeeper model. The goalkeeper postures affected the locations of the throwing and aiming. The participants’ aiming and throwing tasks were found to be significantly farther from and closer in the arms-up and arms-down postures compared with the arms-out posture respectively. The experiment demonstrated that a goalkeeper adopting Müller–Lyer postures can influence his opponent’s perception of maximum reach and his motor behavior.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71829_d9b28d7778d4ceb0ae4dbbd55bf8a46a.pdf
2019-05-22
71
86
10.22059/jmlm.2018.239434.1286
action
goalkeeper
perception
visual pathways
Hamid
Salehi
dr.salehi@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Zareie
zahra.zarei68@yahoo.com
2
MSc in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Kalantari
prs_kalantari@yahoo.com
3
MSc in Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Masters RSW, van der Kamp J, Jackson RC. Imperceptibly off-center goalkeepers influence penalty-kick direction in soccer. Psychological science. 2007;18(3):222-3.
1
2. Weigelt M, Memmert D, Schack T. Kick it like ballack: The effects of goalkeeping gestures on goal-side selection in experienced soccer players and soccer novices. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2012;24(8):942-56.
2
3. Goodale MA, Milner AD. Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in neurosciences. 1992;15(1):20-5.
3
4. Milner AD, Goodale MA. Two visual systems re-viewed. Neuropsychologia. 2008;46(3):774-85.
4
5. Müller-Lyer FC. Optische urteilstauschungen. Archiv Fur Anatomie und Physiologie Physiologische Abteilung. 1889;2:263–70.
5
6. Bruno N, Franz VH. When is grasping affected by the müller-lyer illusion?: A quantitative review. Neuropsychologia. 2009;47(6):1421-33.
6
7. Morikawa K. An application of the müller–lyer illusion. Perception. 2003;32(1):121-3.
7
8. van der Kamp J, Masters RSW. The human muller-lyer illusion in goalkeeping. Perception. 2008;37(6):951-4.
8
9. Smeets JB, Brenner E. 10 years of illusions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2006;32(6):1501-4.
9
10. van der Kamp J, van Doorn H, Masters RSW. A judd illusion in far-aiming: Evidence of a contribution to action by vision for perception. Experimental brain research. 2009;197(2):199-204.
10
11. Caljouw SR, van der Kamp J, Savelsbergh GJP. Visual illusions and the control of ball placement in goal-directed hitting. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2010;81(4):410-5.
11
12. Caljouw SR, van der Kamp J, Lijster M, Savelsbergh GJP. Differential effects of a visual illusion on online visual guidance in a stable environment and online adjustments to perturbations. Consciousness and Cognition. 2011;20(4):1135-43.
12
13. Flanagan JR, Beltzner MA. Independence of perceptual and sensorimotor predictions in the size–weight illusion. Nature Neuroscience 2000;3(7):737-41.
13
14. Flanagan JR, Bittner JP, Johansson RS. Experience can change distinct size-weight priors engaged in lifting objects and judging their weights. Current Biology. 2008;18(22):1742-7.
14
15. SimulCam™technology. Dartfish connect prosuite. 7 ed. GA: Alpharetta; 2015.
15
16. Gonzalez C, Ganel T, Whitwell R, Morrissey B, Goodale MA. Practice makes perfect, but only with the right hand: Sensitivity to perceptual illusions with awkward grasps decreases with practice in the right but not the left hand. Neuropsychologia. 2008;46(2):624-31.
16
17. Bruno N, Bernardis P, Gentilucci M. Visually guided pointing, the müller-lyer illusion, and the functional interpretation of the dorsal-ventral split: Conclusions from 33 independent studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2008;32(3):423-37.
17
18. van Doorn H, van der Kamp J, Savelsbergh GJP. Grasping the müller-lyer illusion: The contributions of vision for perception in action. Neuropsychologia. 2007;45(8):1939-47.
18
19. van der Kamp J, Rivas F, Van Doorn H, Savelsbergh G. Ventral and dorsal system contributions to visual anticipation in fast ball sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2008;39:100-30.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Game-Oriented Exercises on Motor Development of Overweight Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of game-oriented exercises on motor development of overweight children with developmental coordination disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest. 50 overweight children aged between 8 and 10 with developmental coordination disorder were selected and were randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=15) groups after pretest. The experimental group participated in the protocol for 3 sessions per week during 3 months. MABC-2 test was used and SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis. The results of MANCOVA showed a difference between the experimental and control groups in at least one of the variables. Based on the results of one-way covariance analysis with a significance level of 0.05, there was a significant difference between the control and the intervention groups in motor development components and its subscales (hand speed, targeting and balance) and the experimental group got better scores. Therefore, it is recommended that the development of this disorder should be prevented in overweight individuals by designing different exercises and early intervention, and have a positive effect on their motor development.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71818_829c19408ef16b81f1c3f5f0d876bbab.pdf
2019-05-22
87
101
10.22059/jmlm.2018.246808.1321
balance
Developmental Coordination Disorder
hand speed
overweight
targeting
Maryam
Shoja
maryam.shoja87@gmail.com
1
PhD Student of Motor Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Vaez Mousavi
mohammadvaezmousavi@chmail.ir
2
Professor, University of Imam Hossein, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdollah
Ghasemi
a_gh_m2003@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Association, A.P., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, DSM-5. Washington, DC: London, England, 2012: p. 212-214.
1
2. Lingam, R., et al., Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder using the DSM-IV at 7 years of age: a UK population–based study. 2009. 123(4): p. e693-e700.
2
3. Missiuna, C., et al., Life experiences of young adults who have coordination difficulties. 2008. 75(3): p. 157-166.
3
4. Sigmundsson, H., P. Hansen, and J.J.B.b.r. Talcott, Do ‘clumsy’children have visual deficits. 2003. 139(1-2): p. 123-129.
4
5. Cairney, J., et al., Developmental coordination disorder, self-efficacy toward physical activity, and play: Does gender matter? 2005. 22(1): p. 67-82.
5
6. Joshi, D., et al., Relationship between BMI, waist circumference, physical activity and probable developmental coordination disorder over time. . Human movement science, 2015: p. 237-47.
6
7. Poulsen, A., et al., Fundamental movement skills and self‐concept of children who are overweight. Pediatric Obesity, 2011: p. 1-6.
7
8. Morton, C., The effect of a group motor skills programme on the participation and movement ability of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (Doctoral dissertation, University College Dublin (Ireland)). 2015.
8
9. Cairney, J., et al., Developmental coordination disorder, sex, and activity deficit over time: a longitudinal analysis of participation trajectories in children with and without coordination difficulties. . Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2010: p. 52.
9
10. Freedman, D. and B. Sherry, The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children. Pediatrics, 2009. 1;124(Supplement 1): p. 23-34.
10
11. Wagner, M., et al., The impact of obesity on developmental coordination disorder in adolescence. Research in developmental disabilities. , 2011. 31;32(5): p. 1970-6.
11
12. D’Hondt, E., et al., Childhood obesity affects fine motor skill performance under different postural constraints. . Neuroscience letters, 2008: p. 72-5.
12
13. Han, A., et al., Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental movement skills and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. . Journal of science and medicine in sport. , 2018. 1;21(1): p. 89-102.
13
14. Shahbazi, S., M. Rahmani, and A. Heyrani, The Effectiveness of Sensory-Motor Integration Activities on Balance and Reaction Time Children with impaired motor development[in Persian]. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation, 2015: p. 1-9.
14
15. Jafari, A., The impact of traditional educational games on the academic achievement of elementary school students in Tehran. PhD thesis. . Tajik National University, 2011.
15
16. Hillier, S., Intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review. Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 2007: p. 7.
16
17. Cole, T., et al., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. Bmj, 2000: p. 124.
17
18. Zhu, Y., et al., High risk for obesity in children with a subtype of developmental coordination disorder. Research in developmental disabilities., 2014. 31;35(7): p. 1727-33.
18
19. Moradi, H., et al., Effect of Spark Motion Program on Sensory-Motor Function in Children with Disorders Growth coordination[in Persian]. Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2015. Vol. 19, No 5: p. 391-398.
19
20. Chow, S. and S. Henderson, Interrater and test–retest reliability of the movement assessment battery for Chinese preschool children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2003. 1;57(5: p. 574-7.
20
21. Schulz, J., et al., Structural validity of the Movement ABC-2 test: Factor structure comparisons across three age groups. . Research in developmental disabilities., 2011. 31;32(4): p. 1361-9.
21
22. Samadi Bhddi, M., G. Nazemzadegan, and H. Hadian Fard, Determining the reliability, validity and standardization of the total test of motor vehicle evaluation in second and third year in Shiraz 7 and 8 year old children. Shiraz University, 2015.
22
23. Wilson, B., et al., Psychometric properties of the revised developmental coordination disorder questionnaire. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics., 2009. 1;29(2): p. 182-202.
23
24. Cantell, M., M. Smyth, and T. Ahonen, Clumsiness in adolescence: Educational, motor, and social outcomes of motor delay detected at 5 years. . Adapted physical activity quarterly, 1994: p. 115-29.
24
25. Sugden, D. and M. Chambers, Intervention in children with developmental coordination disorder: the role of parents and teachers. British journal of educational psychology., 2003: p. 545-61.
25
26. Ahmadi Kahjogh, M., et al., Developmental coordination disorder: diagnosis, evaluations, and treatments[in Persian]. Res Rehab Sci 2013: p. 561-9.
26
27. Pless, M. and M. Carlsson, Effects of motor skill intervention on developmental coordination disorder: A meta-analysis. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 2000. 17(4): p. 381-401.
27
28. Jokar Karami, S., M. Sheikh, and A. Jamshidi, The effect of a training program period on improving the skills of children with developmental coordination disorder. [in Persian] Motion Magazine 2013: p. 15-30.
28
29. Namdar Tajri, S., et al., Effect of physical activity intervention on motor skill of boys aged 7 to 10 with developmental coordination impairment[in Persian] Sport Management and Motor Behavior Study 2014. No. 22: p. 59-68.
29
30. Salman, Z., et al., Effect of perceptual-motor exercises on improving the motor skills of students with early developmental coordination disorder in Tehran[in Persian].;. Ph.D. Physical EducationThesis. University of Tehran, 2009.
30
31. Schott, N. and R. Rhode, Throwing and catching in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2007. 2;29.
31
32. Smits‐Engelsmna, B., et al., Efficacy of interventions to improve motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder: a combined systematic review and meta‐analysis. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2013. 1;55(3): p. 229-37.
32
33. Sugden, D. and M. Chambers, Intervention approaches and children with developmental coordination disorder. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 1998: p. 139-47.
33
34. Steinberg, N., et al., The effect of a weight management program on postural balance in obese children. . European journal of pediatrics, 2013. 1;172(12): p. 1619-26.
34
35. Salie, R., The effects of a group exercise program on primary school children aged six to ten years diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
35
36. van Beurden, E., et al., Can we skill and activate children through primary school physical education lessons?“Move it Groove it”—a collaborative health promotion intervention. Preventive medicine. , 2003: p. 493-501.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Selected Motor Games on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Specific Learning Disorder
Balance is one of the basic important principles of learning in children, and its disorder can negatively affect learning.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected motor games on balance in children with specific learning disorder. This study was semi-experimental and application in terms of aims with pretest-posttest and a control group. 24 boys (7-9 years old) with specific learning disorder in Mashhad city were selected and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed selected motor games for 20 sessions, 30 minutes each sessions, 5 sessions per week. During this period, the control group performed its routine activities. Changes in the static balance of the subjects were measured by the Stork balance test and Sharpened Romberg test and dynamic balance of the subjects were measured by the heel-to-toe walk test and timed up-and-go test before and after the intervention. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Findings showed that selected motor games improved the static and dynamic balance of the experimental group. All these changes were significant in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that selected motor games help to improve static and dynamic balance in children with specific learning disorder.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71830_83f0a9c9c76dda310d1bd88958069039.pdf
2019-05-22
103
121
10.22059/jmlm.2019.262860.1396
Dynamic balance
selected motor games
specific learning disorder
static balance
targeted motor games
Hanieh
Ghasemian Moghadam
h.ghasemian6970@gmail.com
1
Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Sohrabi
sohrabi@um.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Taheri
hamidtaherii@gmail.com
3
Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
1
Jalilabkenar S, Ashori M. The applications for teaching students with learning disabilities (impairments in reading, writing and spelling. Special Education 2013;13(3):1-10.
2
Abolqasemi A, Rezaei Jamalouei H, Narimani M, Zahed A. Comparison of the social competency and its components in the students with learning disabilities and students with low, average and high educational progress. Journal of learning disabilities. 2011;1:6-23.
3
Abedi A, Kazemi F, Shooshtari M, Golshani Monazzah F. The effect of aerobic exercises on the visual and auditory attention of pre-school boys with ADHD in Isfahan. Journal of exceptional individuals. 2012; 2(7): 67-134.
4
Rief SF, Heimburge JA. How to reach & teach all students in the inclusive classroom: ready-to-use strategies, lessons, and activities for teaching students with diverse learning needs: Center for Applied Research in; 1996.
5
Shaywitz SE . Overcoming dyslexia: A new and complete science-based program for reading problems at any level: Knopf; 2003.
6
Tanner DE. THE LEARNING DISABLED: A DISTINCT POPULATION OF STUDENTS. Education. 2001;121(4).
7
Hamedi D, Lajevardi L, Ghomashchi H, Binesh M, Taghizadeh G. Effects of constraint induced movement therapy technique using wedge on weight bearing symmetry and functional balance in chronic hemiparesis patients. Koomesh. 2013;14(3).
8
Lacour M. Visuo-vestibular interaction in adaptation to vestibular pathologies. Rehabilitative management of the dizzy patient Milano Excerpta Medica. 2000:9-23.
9
10. Riemann BL, Myers JB, Lephart SM. Sensorimotor system measurement techniques. Journal of athletic training. 2002;37(1):85.
10
11. Viholainen H, Aro M, Ahonen T, Crawford S, Cantell M, Kooistra L. Are balance problems connected to reading speed or the familial risk of dyslexia? Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2011;53(4):350-3.
11
12. Brookes RL, Tinkler S, Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ. Striking the right balance: motor difficulties in children and adults with dyslexia. Dyslexia. 2010;16(4):358-73.
12
13. Stoodley CJ, Fawcett AJ, Nicolson RI, Stein JF. Impaired balancing ability in dyslexic children. Experimental Brain Research. 2005;167(3):370-80.
13
14. Davarinia A, Yarmohammadian A, Ghamarani A. The Comparative Study of Gross and Fine Motor Skills and Body Balance in Children with Intellectual Disability, Autism and Learning Disorder with Normal Children. REHABILITATION. 2015;16(1).
14
15. Hatami S, Hoseini F, Hatami S, Molarahimi R. Effect of motor selected program improvement of fine motor skills and academic achievement of students with mathematical disorder. The second National Conference and the First International Conference on New Research in the Humanities. 2015.
15
16. Esmaeili S, Movahedi Y, Rostami S, Esmaeili S. Effectiveness of physical Neurological exercise on the growth of the Psycho-motor skills in children with learning disorder.2015;2(3):16-28.
16
17. Sheikh M, Homayoun-nia M, Ahmadi O, Nazari S, Homayouni AR. The Effects of Selected Physical Activities on Perceptual Motor Ability in Pre-school Children with Neuropsychological Learning Disabilities. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2014;15(3):36-43.
17
18. dartaj f, asemi s. Investigating the effect of selected motor program on perceptual-motor ability and academic achievement of late-school students in second grade. school psychology. 2013;1(4/39-56).
18
19. Fragala‐Pinkham M, Haley SM, O’Neil ME. Group aquatic aerobic exercise for children with disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2008;50(11):822-7.
19
20. Hodge S, Murata N, Porretta D. Enhancing motor performance through various preparatory activities involving children with learning disabilities. Clinical Kinesiology. 1999;53(4):76-82.
20
21. MacMAHON JR, Gross RT. Physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise in boys with learning disabilities. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 1987;8(5):274-7.
21
22. Rasoulzadeh M, Ayoubi Avaz K, Amouzadeh Khalili M, Ghorbani R, Motaharinezhad F, Ahmadizadeh Z, et al. A comparative study of dynamic and static balance status in childern with specific learning diability and normal childern. Koomesh. 2018:1-6.
22
23. Case-Smith J, Clark GJF, Schlabach TL. Systematic review of interventions used in occupational therapy to promote motor performance for children ages birth–5 years. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2013;67(4):413-24.
23
24. Hipólito R. Multidisciplinary view of the inconvenience of learning. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. 2008;12(2):463-5.
24
25. Bo J, Lee C-M. Motor skill learning in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in developmental disabilities. 2013;34(6):2047-55.
25
26. Zittel LL. Gross motor assessment of preschool children with special needs: Instrument selection considerations. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 1994;11(3):245-60.
26
27. Reed KL. Quick reference to occupational therapy. 2003.
27
28. Saddock BJ, Saddock VA. Synopsis of psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
28
29. Sonuga-Barke EJ. The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2003;27(7):593-604.
29
30. Neudecker C, Mewes N, Reimers AK, Woll A. Exercise interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review. Journal of attention disorders. 2015: 1087054715584053.
30
31. Wigal SB, Emmerson N, Gehricke J-G, Galassetti P. Exercise: applications to childhood ADHD. Journal of attention disorders. 2013;17(4):279-90.
31
32. Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. NEPSY [: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment: Psychological Corporation; 1998.
32
33. Arghiani M, Ashayeri H, Taghizadeh G, Rafiee S, Mahdizadeh H. The comparison of postural control ability in children with/without dyslexia. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2013;14(1):32-9.
33
34. Pahlevanian AA, Rasoolzadeh M, Amoozadeh Khalily M. Comparison between normal and mental retard children with mental aged 6-7 on motor skills. Koomesh. 2012:460-4.
34
35. Specialized Center and Human Empowerment Paarand Ponabs. Paaryaad Guidebook. 2014.
35
36. Lahtinen U, Rintala P, Malin A. Physical performance of individuals with intellectual disability: A 30-year follow-up. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2007;24(2):125-43.
36
37. Sadeghi H, Norouzi H, Asl AK, Montazer M. Functional Training Program Effect on Static and Dynamic Balance in Male Able-bodied Elderly. Elder of iran. 1999:565.
37
38. Karinharju K. Physical fitness and its testing in adults with intellectual disability. 2005.
38
39. Carmeli E, Bar-Chad S, Lotan M, Merrick J, Coleman R. Five clinical tests to assess balance following ball exercises and treadmill training in adult persons with intellectual disability. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2003;58(8):M767-M72.
39
40. ghayour m, sheikh m, hemayatalab r, memari a. The Effects of Selected Spark Exercises on Balance and Coordination in Autistic Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study. journal of motor development and learning 2017;9(2):173-80.
40
41. De Jaco A, Mango D, De Angelis F, Favaloro FL, Andolina D, Nisticò R, et al. Unbalance between excitation and inhibition in phenylketonuria, a genetic metabolic disease associated with autism. International journal of molecular sciences. 2017;18(5):941.
41
42.Yilmaz I, Yanardağ M, Birkan B, Bumin G. Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism. Pediatrics International. 2004;46(5):624-6.
42
43. Wang JH-T. A study on gross motor skills of preschool children. Journal of research in childhood education. 2004; 19(1): 32-43.
43
44. Pan C-Y, Tsai C-L, Chu C-H. Fundamental movement skills in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2009;39(12):1694.
44
45. Mostafavi R, Ziaee V, Akbari H, Haji-Hosseini S. The effects of spark physical education program on fundamental motor skills in 4-6 year-old children. Iranian journal of pediatrics. 2013;23(2):216.
45
46. Pieters S, Desoete A, Roeyers H, Vanderswalmen R, Van Waelvelde H. Behind mathematical learning disabilities: What about visual perception and motor skills? Learning and Individual Differences. 2012;22(4):498-504.
46
47. Woodward RJ, Surbrug PR. The performance of fundamental movement skills by elementary school children with learning disabilities. Physical Educator. 2001;58(4):198.
47
48. Jelle Vuijk P, Hartman E, Mombarg R, Scherder E, Visscher C. Associations between academic and motor performance in a heterogeneous sample of children with learning disabilities. Journal of learning disabilities. 2011;44(3):276-82.
48
49. Negahban H, Etemadi M, Naghibi S, Emrani A, Yazdi MJS, Salehi R, et al. The effects of muscle fatigue on dynamic standing balance in people with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Gait & posture. 2013Mar 1;37(3):336-9.
49
50. Garner AA, O’Connor BC, Narad ME, Tamm L, Simon J, Epstein JN. The relationship between ADHD symptom dimensions, clinical correlates and functional impairments. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP. 2013;34(7):469.
50
51. Yarmohammadian A, Ghamarani A. The Comparative Study of Gross and Fine Motor Skills and Body Balance in Children with Intellectual Disability, Autism and Learning Disorder with Normal Children. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2015;16(1):66-75.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Gaze Behaviors and Decision Making in Skilled and Novice Football Players
The mechanisms involved in expertise in the last decade have received a great deal of attention of researchers. They try to understand how performers are able to deal with complex tasks and overcome limitations to become highly skilled. The aim of this study was to compare gaze behaviors and decision making skill among skilled (n=12) and novice (n=12) football players. 24 male football players (age range: 19-25 years old) took part in the study and were divided into two groups of experts and novices. Participants watched images of different situations and provided their prediction of the desired kicks by choosing the right key in the shortest time possible. The number and duration of fixations and the accuracy and speed of decision making were recorded using Eye Tracking and Reaction Time device. The results of ANOVA on decision making skill showed a significant difference between the two groups in their decision making speed and accuracy, but the results of the gaze behaviors showed no significant difference in the number and duration of fixations between the two groups. These results showed that expert players are able to select the appropriate signs of the screen based on a considerable amount of perception. In addition, the results of this study showed that expert players show higher perception of vision and better decision making than novice players.
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_71821_2da5da5e22867202774548dcfc686767.pdf
2019-05-22
123
133
10.22059/jmlm.2019.245730.1316
Decision making skill
eye tracking
fixation duration
gaze
number of fixations
Hassan
Mohammadzade
ha.moha64@gmail.com
1
Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Parsafar
parisa.parsafar1366@yahoo.com
2
PhD Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jalal
Dehghanizade
jalal.dehghanizade@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Takayuki. T KI. Visual search strategies and decision making in baseball batting. Perceptual and Motor skills. 2009;108:971-80.
1
2. Graig J. CH AJC. The perceptual side of action: decision making in sport. Cognitive issue in motor expertise. 1993.
2
3. Mcmorris T. Acquisition and performance of sports skills. 2004.
3
4. David J. Hancock DMS-M. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher and lower level ice hockey referees. Psychology of sport and exercise. 2013;14:66-71.
4
5. Lily A. Gutnik AFH, Nicole A. Yoskowitz, Vimla L. Patel. The role of emotion in decision-making: A cognitive neuroeconomic approach towards understanding sexual risk behavior. Biomedical Informatics. 2006;39:720-36.
5
6. A.M. Williams KDaJGW. Visual perception and action in sport. 2005.
6
7. Rafiee. S VMMK, Ghasemi. A, Jafarzadehpour. E. Visual search and decision making accuracy of expert and novice basketball referees. Motor behavior. 2015;21:65-76.
7
8. Lee S KS, Park, . Self-Paced sport events under temporal constraints: visual search, quiet eye, expertise and constrained performance time in far aiming tasks. Applied sports sciences. 2009;21(2):146-61.
8
9. Abdoli. M NM, Moenirad. S. comparison of anticipation skills and visual search behaviors of skilled and novice basketball players in different positions attack (1 on 1, 3 on 3)
9
motor behavior. 2013;19:15-32.
10
10. Castro H PG, Costa G, Pedrosa G. Visual behavior and the quality of decision-making on volleyball. Rev Bras Cineantropom Hum. 2016;18(6):638-47.
11
11. Vickers. N Joan LW. Performing under pressure: Gaze control, decision making and shooting performance of elite and rookie police officers. Human Movement Science. 2012;31:101-17.
12
12. Mike H. The Sporting Gaze: Towards a Visual Turn in Sports History– Documenting Art and Sport. sport history. 2008.
13
13. Olivia Schl€appi-Lienhard* E-JH. Decision making in beach volleyball defense: Crucial factors derived from interviews with top-level experts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2015;16:60-73.
14
14. Zoudji. B TB. Expertise and implicit memory: differential repetitionpriming effect on decision making in experienced and non-experienced soccerplayers. sport psychology. 2003;34(3):189-207.
15
15. Savelsbergh G. J. P WAM, van der Kamp J, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation an expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Sports Sciences. 2002;20:279-87.
16
16. Savelsbergh GJP, van der Kamp, J., Williams, A. M., Ward, P. Anticipation and visual search behavior in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics. 2005;48:11-4.
17
17. Richard MA. Motor Learning, Concept and Application. Vaezmosavi. M.K SM, editor: Bamdad ketab; 2008.
18
18. Rouhollahi Vahid RM, Mehrotra Akhil The Role of Expertise on Visual Search Strategies and Action anticipation in Female Field Hockey Players. Sport Studies. 2015;5(3):250-4.
19
19. MacMahon C PH. The sport official in research and practice. Developing Sport Expertise: Researchers and Coaches Put Theory into Practice. 2008 (172-190).
20