University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
Effect of Transitional Practice Schedule on Contextual Interference in Badminton Skills Learning
(Long Service, Forehand Toss and Backhand Toss)
5
21
FA
Shiler
Ghasem Karimi
M.Sc Urmia University
shiler.karimi@yahoo.com
Hasan
Mohammadzadeh Jahatlo
0000-0000-6060-1479
Ph.D Urmia University
ha.moha64@gmail.com
Fateme
Hosseni
Ph.D Urmia University
fhosseini2000@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35001
<em>Contextual Interference is defined as interference in performance and learning that arise from practicing one task in the context of other tasks. Transitional practice is a kind of practice sequence that starts out with trials of large blocks; then moves to smaller random blocks, and eventually finishes with complete randomization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘transitional practice schedule’ on contextual interference in learning three badminton skills. The research was quasi-experimental with three experimental groups. The subjects were 30 female students of physical education (age: 19±1.3) from Urmia University who voluntarily participated in the study. They practiced three badminton skills (long service, forehand toss and backhand toss strokes) for ten sessions. In each session, each subject practiced 15 trials for each skill and totally 45 trials. The blocked group practiced in a blocked format. The random group practiced all three skills randomly in a way that no two similar skills would be repeated one after the other in each sequence. The transitional practice group practiced the first three sessions in a blocked format, the next three sessions with five random trials, the next three sessions with three random trials and the last session in an entirely random format. The groups' performances were recorded in each session. After the ten sessions, the immediate retention test and after 48 hours with no practice, the delayed retention test was conducted. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (ANOVA). The results showed that in the acquisition stage, group differences were not significant (p=0.48), but the mutual reaction (practice sessions x groups) was significant (p=0.001). In immediate retention test, only the difference between the block and random groups was significant (p=0.005) and the blocked group performed better than the random group. In delayed retention test, both random and transitional groups performed significantly better than the block group (p=0.001). Transitional group performed better than the random group and this difference was significant (p=0.043).</em>
Contextual interference,Transitional Practice Schedule,block practice,random practice,Long Service,Forehand Toss,Backhand Toss
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35001.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35001_3b858592d5892d998718426277bbc792.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
Does Training in a Specific Visual Condition Improve Accuracy of Skill Performance in Basketball Free Throw Shooting?
23
38
FA
Hamid
Salehi
Ph.D University of Esfahan
hamid@yahoo.com
Ahmad Reza
Movahedi
Ph.D University of Esfahan
a_movahedi@yahoo.com
Jalil
Moradi
0000-0002-1001-6685
Islamic Azad University (Sanandaj Branch)
jalilmoradi@gmail.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35002
<em>The aim of the present study was to find out whether training in a specific visual condition was an advantage in learning the accuracy of skill performance in the basketball free throw shooting. 28 boys (mean age: 17.14<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.75 years) voluntarily participated in the study and practiced in two groups: with normal light (control group), and in a specific visual condition (focusing light on rim of basketball) (experimental group) for 15 sessions. Ten days after the last session of training, the groups were evaluated in normal and specific visual conditions. According to the results, both groups improved the accuracy of the throws in the training phase. In the normal visual condition test, the accuracy of the free throws of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Thus, the advantage of training in specific visual condition was not verified. The experimental group had an advantage only when the test was carried out in the specific visual condition. In conclusion, a specific training condition will improve learning of sport skills (e.g. the basketball free throws) only if similar sensory-motor and processing conditions govern the training and the test.</em>
Sensory-Motor Specificity,Processing Specificity,basketball,Vision,Leaning
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35002.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35002_cb4a1f09107ebf31edbfa8ddfae483d9.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
The Survey of the Effect of Music on Performance of Physical Fitness Factors in Adolescent Boys
39
53
FA
Farnaz
Torabi
Ph.D Payam Noor University
torabift@yahoo.com
Kia
Ranjbar
M.Sc. University of Tehran
kia@yahoo.com
Zahra
Soori
M.Sc. Student) Kermanshah Razi University
soori.zahra2000@gmail.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35003
<em> </em>
<em>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external intervention factor (types of music) on physical fitness factors in adolescent boys. 30 adolescent boys (9-12 years old, MSD height, weight and BMI: 133.82.40 cm, 35.62.97 kg, and 19.91.21 kg/cm2), were selected and performed the tests in three stages (fast music, slow music, control) with Counter Balance method. In each stage, the muscular endurance, coordination, agility and muscular power tests were used. Also, fast rhythm (135-140 bpm) and slow rhythm (115-120 bpm) were used. Data were analyzed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that the changes in the results of muscular endurance tests including push up, sit-up and pull up were significant in all three stages (P<0.05). The results of push up significantly outperformed those of control group in fast and slow music stages. There was a significant difference in sit-up and endurance strength between both intervention groups and control group (P<0.05). In each stage, the changes in the results of coordination tests were significant (P=0.01). The subjects outperformed in the control stage (no music) compared with the other stages (P<0.05). The agility results showed no significant difference among the three stages (P>0.05). The explosive power results showed significant differences in the fast music stage than control and slow music stages (P<0.05). Finally listening to the music during strength and endurance performances increases the efficiency of performance. Fast music maybe more effective in preventing central fatigue. On the other hand, every kind of music has negative effects on performance of coordination test and has no effect on performance of the agility test.</em>
Slow and Fast Music,Healthy Young Boys,Physical Fitness Factors
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35003.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35003_ed651a0b169215f4099264fdf1509f3d.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Sport Perfectionism Scale in Iranian Athletes
55
76
FA
Ahmad
Farrokhi
Ph.D University of Tehran
farrokhi@ut.ac.ir
Ebrahim
Motesharee
Ph.D Student Shahid Beheshti University
motesharee@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Rasool
Zeyd Abadi
0000-0001-9132-2475
Ph.D Student university of Tehran
r.zeidabadi@hsu.ac.ir
Samira
Aghasi
M.Sc Payam Nour University
Gholam Reza
Parsa
M.Sc Physical Education Organization
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35004
<em>The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of sport perfectionism scale of Dun et al. (2006). To determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, 393 (230 male and 163 female) athletes with different skill levels (novice, non-elite and elite) in 10 team and individual sports were selected by random sampling method and then completed the questionnaire. For this purpose, three sport psychologists and three English teaching experts translated the questionnaire into Persian by translation - back translation method. Then, content and face validity of the Persian version was confirmed (CVI=0.89, VCR=0.93). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on structural equations model was used to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire; Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency of the questionnaire and intra-class correlation coefficient under test-retest method with a 2-week interval was used to study temporal reliability of items. The results showed that the primary model of sports perfectionism scale did not support the favorable fit and thus did not confirm the construct validity of the primary model (30 questions). But after eliminating three problematic questions, the second model with 27 questions had acceptable fit indexes (RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.87), internal consistency and temporal reliability indicating good validity and reliability of the modified Persian version (27 items) of sport perfectionism scale. Therefore, the Persian version of the sport perfectionism scale (modified model of 27 questions) can be used to study and evaluate the personality traits of Iranian athletes</em><em>.</em>
Sport Perfectionism,construct validity,Temporal Reliability
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35004.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35004_adb4ff2f11b35b0aa07ac7a7ec623536.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
The Effect of Motivational Music on Recall of Routine Skills in Selected Wrestling Skills
77
93
FA
Robabeh
Rostami
Ph.D Shiraz University
m15rostami@yahoo.com
Gholam Hosein
Nazem Zadegan
Ph.D Shiraz University
ghnazem@yahoo.com
Sousan
Jabbary
Ph.D Shiraz University
sfjaeeari@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35005
<em>Although many researches have investigated the benefits of music in sport, few researches have studied the effect of music on movement recall. Thus, this study aimed to identify the effect of motivational music on information recall during the performance of a wrestling skill sequence. 24 male athletes (mean age 21.6±0.9 yr, height 176.4±6.1 cm and weight 67.5±8.4) were trained in 30 skills of free style wrestling during 8 weeks (2 sessions/week, 100min/session) in the acquisition phase. After 5 days of acquisition, a list of 10 skills with (1-3-2-3-1) chunk based on serial coded recall procedures were presented to the subjects and they were asked to recall and perform the list after 2 minutes. The subjects’ scores of performance were evaluated based on the main list and a score was allocated to performance sequence. Then, subjects were divided into two groups randomly. In posttest, another list was presented to the groups with the similar chunk but the only difference was that experimental group had music (BMRI form selected by subjects, MP3, 192 </em><em>, tempo</em><em>></em><em>120, volume 50% max of player system)</em><em> concurrently with their performance. Data were analyzed by t student tests (dependent and paired and α=0.05). Findings showed that experimental group achieved higher scores in recall phase of freestyle wrestling techniques than the control group (p=0.007).It can be concluded that music as a motivational factor in recalling skill sequences can influence the performance of wrestling techniques when </em>
Motivational music,Recall,wrestling,Performance Sequence
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35005.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35005_1df22132e591f3a478883c4cd9bd37f4.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
The Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life between Active and Inactive Cerebral Palsy Boys of Tehran
95
114
FA
Ali Akbar
Jaberi Moghadam
Ph.D University of Tehran
baranebahari363@yahoo.com
Akram
Mashalahi
(M.Sc.) University of Tehran
Farhad
Ghadiri
Ph.D. Student Tehran Kharazmi University
Masoud
Soleimani
M.Sc Physical Education Organization
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35006
<em>The aim of the present study was to compare the health-related quality of life between active and inactive boys with cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 13 and 18. For this purpose, out of 150 CP students of guidance and high schools, 28 subjects were selected randomly. The subjects were divided into two groups of active (14 boys) and inactive (14 boys) according to physical activity questionnaire. The kid screen questionnaire with 10 subscales of physical well-being, psychological well-being, mood and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, relationship with parents and home, peer and social support, school environment, social acceptance and financial resources was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The reliability and validity of this instrument was confirmed (p=0.85). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that active cerebral palsy boys have higher health-related quality of life (p<0.05). In subscales, active students were better in physical well-being, mood and emotions, psychological well-being, financial resources and peer and social support than inactive students (P<0.05) but in self-concept, autonomy, social acceptance, school environment and relationship with parents and home, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that positive attitudes of active children towards themselves related to their regular physical activity.</em>
Health-Related Quality of Life,Physical Activity,Cerebral palsy
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35006.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35006_988f5a4aaecbfc5f119446246e199b1e.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
The Effect of Running on Treadmill in Learning, Memory and Motor Activity of Male Rat
115
138
FA
Ali
Seghatoleslami
Ph.D Student University of Tehran
aseghatoleslami@birjand.ac.ir
Mahmood
Shaikh
0000-0002-5730-0165
Ph.D University of Tehran
msheikh@ut.ac.ir
Naser
Naghdi
Ph.D University of Tehran
naghdi@pasteur.ac.ir
Elahe
Arab Ameri
0000-0001-5948-7288
Ph.D University of Tehran
eameri@ut.ac.ir
Nabiollah
Numvar Asl
Ph.D University of Tehran
tahri_morteza@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35007
<em>It is important for people to improve cognitive and motor performance. The purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill in spatial memory and learning and motor performance. 24 Albino-Wistar healthy male rats were randomly divided into control and activity groups. Activity group ran 7 days on treadmill (speed 22m/min 30 minutes a day). After the end of activity period, Morris Water Maze and open-field tests were done to respectively assess spatial learning and motor performance. It was used latency time, and distance moved to find platform to assess spatial learning, and distance moved, mobility duration, and movement speed to assess motor activity. It was used SEM±M and analyze variance (2groups*3days) and independent-t tests to analyze data.Results indicated that In spatial learning, activity group was significantly better in acquisition (distance moved F<sub>2</sub>,<sub>44</sub>=6/578 </em><em> </em><em>p=0/003</em><em> and latency time F<sub>2</sub>,<sub>44</sub></em><em>=10/550, p=0/000 ), probe (time spend in target quarter t<sub>22</sub>=2/534 , p=0/019), and retrieval tests (distance moved t<sub>22</sub>=2/651, p-0/015) than control group. In motor activity there was no significant difference between two groups.The results of this study show that the forced running of rats on treadmill for a week can improve learning and memory.</em>
Motor Activity,Spatial memory,learning,rat,Treadmill
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35007.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35007_e63575d243901667b056cf91bdad310f.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
5
1
2013
04
21
The Effect of Individuals’ Perception of Type of Task on Determination of Contextual Interference Levels
139
154
FA
Roza
Rahavi
Ph.D University of Yazd
rahaviroza@yahoo.com
Zahra
Estiri
University of Hakim Sabzevari
zstiri@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2013.35008
<em>The aim of this research was to determine the effect of contextual interference derived from self-regulation practice with regard to type of task on acquisition and retention of tracking tasks with an emphasis on meta-cognition hypotheses (cognition and meta-cognition phenomena). For this purpose, 24 right handed male and female students of Yazd University (mean age: 22± 1.7) were selected via self-regulation questionnaire as high self-regulated subjects. They were randomly assigned to two different groups: simple tracking (n=12) or complex tracking (n=12). The method was quasi-experimental. The tracking tasks used in this study were designed by software whose aim was tracking with highest speed and lowest error. The movement time and movement error (click) as well as the number of pattern switches were assigned as scores in different groups. The subjects practiced 8 blocks of 16 trails per session; then, they participated one block of 16 trials in the immediate and delayed (after 72 hours) retention phases. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures and t test in acquisition phase and retention tests. Results showed no significant difference between the two groups in two types of tasks in acquisition and immediate and delayed retention phases of movement time. A significant difference was observed in movement error in the acquisition phase (P<0.05) while this difference was not observed in immediate and delayed retention phases. There was a significant difference between the groups in the two types of tasks in the acquisition phase of the number of pattern switches, that is, the complex tracking group asked for lower number of pattern switches. Also, t test results showed a significant difference between the first and eighth block of simple tracking task to compare the number of pattern switches while no significant difference was observed in the complex tracking task. Thus, the finding suggested that self-regulated subjects with a perception of task complexity created levels of contextual interference and then reduced it through continuing the practice. </em>
Self-Regulation,Task Complexity,Contextual interference
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35008.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_35008_8c6a2244f9621d57e99dcdddde8e31c7.pdf