University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Time of Retention Test and Interference on Implicit Motor Memory Consolidation
1
21
FA
Parvaneh
Shamsipour Dehkordi
. Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
pshamsipour@gmail.com
Behrouz
Abdoli
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
babdoli@sbu.ac.ir
Mehdi
Namazizadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
p_shamsipour@sbu.ac.ir
Hassan
Ashayeri
Professor, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
p_shamsipour@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2018.43540.770
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of time courses of interference and retention test on implicit motor memory consolidation. 60 right-handed female students who had cognitive, mental and physical health and novice at performing alternating serial reaction time task (ASRTT) and serial color matching task (SCMT) (mean age=21.95+1.95 years) were randomly divided into three groups of interference with distances of 6, 24 and 72 hours after the practice session. In the acquisition phase, all groups practiced the ASRTT in 25 blocks of 80 trials in one day. Then, they participated in the second interference task (SCMT) 6, 24 and 72 hours after the practice session and participated in the retention test 24 hours later. In the acquisition phase, subjects’ performance improved with an increase in the practice trials and they had better performance in the 5th practice block (P<0.001). In retention test, there was no significant difference between mean reaction time in the 5th practice block and retention test of the first group (interference with the 6 hours distance). There was a significant difference between mean reaction time in the 5th practice block and retention test of the second group (interference with the 24 hours distance) and the third group (interference with 72 hours distance). The third group (interference of 72 hours distance) had the best performance while the first group (interference with the 6 hours distance) had the weakest performance. Therefore, the interference distances of 24 and 72 hours after the acquisition session led to memory consolidation.
Consolidation,interference,reaction,sleep,unpracticed
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67142.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67142_22c0b29f5a6801646fbe84326802f275.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of a Period of Selected Physical Activity on Improving Gross Motor Skills in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
23
36
FA
Somayeh
Jokar Tang Karami
PhD Student of Motor Development, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
jokarsomayeh@yahoo.com
Mahmood
Sheikh
0000-0002-5730-0165
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
msheikh@ut.ac.ir
Fazlollah
Bagherzadeh
. Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
f.bagherzade@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2017.29136.
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor disorder which involves gross and fine motor skills and coordination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of selected physical activity on improving gross motor skills in female children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In this semi-experimental study, the sample consisted of 30 students with DCD who were selected from 400 female children in second grade of elementary school in Shiraz city by a researcher-made questionnaire and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The subjects were divided randomly into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups after the pretest using Ulrich test for gross motor skills version 2000 (TGMD2). The experimental group performed the selected motor program for 12 sessions (3 days a week, 45 minutes per day) while the control group had their normal daily activities. Then, a posttest was held for both groups. The analysis of variance 2´2 was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). The results showed that selected physical activity had a significant effect on improving gross motor skills in children with DCD (P=0.001). Therefore, it is suggested that selected physical activities should be available for teachers and should be performed in physical education courses at schools in order to improve gross motor skills and consequently improve developmental coordination disorder in children
developmental disorder,gross skill,Spark program
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67143.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67143_060b153d84734d7a5d33491f9c5f4473.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Self-Talk and Feedback on Acquisition and Retention of Basketball Chest Pass
37
59
FA
Mina
Emami Arandi
M.sc in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
emamimina@yahoo.com
Ali Akbar
Jaberi Moghaddam
. Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
ajaberimoghaddam@yahoo.com
Ahmad
Farokhi
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
farokhiahmad@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2018.103986.823
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-talk (ST), feedback (KP) and their interaction (STF) on acquisition and retention of basketball chest pass. 120 adolescent girls were selected and randomly assigned to 4 groups: KP, ST, ST + KP and control. This study was semi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with a control group. Instructional self-talk and knowledge of performance feedback were used in this study. After the pretest, each group had 4 practice sessions in the acquisition phase; then, they had posttest and 72 hours later they had retention test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze data. Results indicated those subjects who used ST achieved better acquisition and retention scores than the other groups (P<0.05). ST was more effective than KP in the acquisition of chest pass skill. ST and KP can lead to a better and faster development of learning in the early phases
Chest pass,fine skill,instructional self-talk,knowledge of performance feedback,self-talk and feedback
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67144.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67144_4c727c366df1e6d3f35bf7c31109753b.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Fast and Slow Music on Depth Perception of Female Young Athletes in Fatigue Condition
61
77
FA
Franak
Poorhosseini
PhD Student of Motor Learning and Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
faranakpoorhosseini@gmail.com
Shahzad
Tahmasebi Boroujeni
0000-0002-0875-3993
2. Associate Professor, Department of Motor Learning and Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
shahzadtahmaseb@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/jmlm.2018.109329.845
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music types on depth perception during fatigue. Statistical population consisted of female students of Faculty of Physical Education at University of Tehran. 45 subjects (mean age 23.3 ± 2.16 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: slow music, fast music and control. Initially, all subjects participated in the pretest of depth perception using depth perception apparatus. Then, they received a similar exercise until reaching the threshold of exhaustion. After reaching fatigue, their error of depth perception was reassessed. Then, participants were asked to listen to the music specific to each group for 3 minutes in order to assess the effect of music on their depth perception during fatigue. Their depth perception was immediately measured as the posttest. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that fast music did not significantly change depth perception error (<em>P</em>=0.602), but slow music significantly reduced this error (<em>P</em>=0.006).
Depth perception,fast music,fatigue,psychological stimulant,slow music
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67145.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67145_21a00db2b61f550c9d9d0ce7915aa146.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Facilitating Effect of Self-Controlled Practice on Learning Multiple Motor Skills
79
89
FA
Hamid
Salehi
0000-0002-5921-6602
Associate Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
dr.salehi@gmail.com
Somayeh
Shahdousti
MA, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
s.shahdoosti@spr.ui.ac.ir
Mehdi
Rafaei Boroujeni
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
m.rafeie@spr.ui.ac.ir
Maryam
Nezakatalhosaini
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
m.nezakat@spr.ui.ac.ir
10.22059/jmlm.2018.142166.1039
To create more efficient learning environments, the learner’s role and his/her influence on the learning process should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the way self-controlled practice affected performance and learning of motor patterns. 60 female undergraduate students (mean age = 20.73 yr., SD = 2.98) were randomly assigned to four groups that ordered self-controlled practice or three yoked-to-self-controlled. In the acquisition phase, the self-controlled group was told they could choose whichever of three motor patterns they wanted before they practiced each trial. Each self-controlled participant’s practice schedule was served as the predetermined practice schedule for each corresponding participant in the yoked control groups. The yoked control participants practiced the tasks with high, low, or no (classic yoked-control) variability. The results showed that the self-controlled group performed the tasks faster than the other yoked control groups in both the acquisition phase and the retention tests. The findings suggest that if the learners are allowed to choose the sequence of practice in multiple motor skills, this would have facilitating effects on their performance and motor learning.
Contextual interference,motor learning,practice variability,Self-Regulation,yoked controls
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67146.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67146_69f966363dbfcfd8a31a3a8b9f23804b.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire
91
106
FA
Valiollah
Kashani
Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences (Motor Behavior), Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
vahid.kashani64@gmail.com
Mahshid
Babaei
MSc Student of Motor Behavior, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
mahshidb@rocketmail.com
Behrouz
Gol Mohammadi
Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences (Motor Behavior), Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
gol_b_2005@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2018.140358.1029
The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire so that the flow performance in computer gamers can be evaluated. 400 gamers (237 males; 163 females) were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire. In the first step, translation accuracy of the Persian version was confirmed through back translation method. Then, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations model was used to determine construct validity while Cronbach alpha coefficient was applied to determine internal consistency. Intra-class correlation in test-retest method was administered for temporal reliability of the items. The results indicated acceptable fit indices (CFI=0.92, TLI=0.75, RMSEA=0.062), internal consistency (<em>ɑ</em>=0.75) and temporal reliability (ICC=0.85) for the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Game Questionnaire. The results supported the multifactor structure and 23 items of the Flow in Computer Games Questionnaire. Therefore, the Persian version of the Flow in Computer Game Questionnaire has an acceptable validity and reliability among computer gamers and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the flow performance of these gamers in Iran.
Clear feedback,concentration,endogenous experience,immersion,paradox of control
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67147.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67147_ed2dc5cc3db927b28712a31d660be152.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Massage until Completion of Fetal Period on Reflexes of Preterm Neonates
107
119
FA
Mansoureh
Mokaberian
0000-0003-1236-2327
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
mokaberian@shahroodut.ac.ir
Shamsollah
Nooripour
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
sh.noripour@yahoo.com
10.22059/jmlm.2017.233635.1244
Reflexes are body automatic and involuntary responses to a variety of stimuli such as pressure, sound and tactile stimulation which are used as means to determine the level of neurological maturation and to diagnose central nervous system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mothers’ tactile kinetic stimulations on reflex state of preterm neonates. For this purpose, 40 infants and mothers were purposively selected from infants hospitalized in neonatal ward of Amiralmomenin hospital in Semnan city during one to two months and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Then, mothers of experimental group conducted tactile kinetic stimulations on their infants until the completion of fetal period (40 weeks of gestation) 3 times a day, 20 minutes each time whereas the control group received only the usual care. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was used to evaluate reflex state of neonates before and after the intervention. The results of mixed ANOVA showed that although reflexes of premature neonates in the experimental group improved more than the control group, this increase was not significant (<em>P</em>≥0.05). However, given these results, it can be said that tactile kinetic stimulations can be a solution to improve the reflex state of preterm neonates and more time frame is probably required to reveal the beneficial effects of intervention.
Massage,preterm neonate,reflex
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67148.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67148_1648a1cf4dfb111ef080114231540382.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Attention Focus in Errorless and Errorful Practice Conditions on Performance and Learning of Dart Throwing Skill
121
138
FA
Hesam
Ramezanzade
Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
hesam_ramezanzade@yahoo.com
Marziyeh
Doraneh Kord
MSc of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University, Shooshtar Branch, Shooshtar, Iran
marziyeh.doranekord@gamil.com
10.22059/jmlm.2018.229760.1228
The aim of this study was to investigate the interactional effect of instruction type of attention focus and two methods of learning (errorless and errorful) on performance and learning of dart throwing skill. It is likely that instruction type of attention focus has a different effect on performance when functional difficulty of task changes. 60 female students were randomly assigned to six groups: internal-errorless, external-errorless, control-errorless, internal-errorful, external-errorful and control-errorful. Errorless groups began their practice with low distance from the target and gradually increased the distance. This was opposite in errorful groups. Internal attention groups focused their attention on elbow and wrist of their throwing hand. External attention groups focused their attention on dart board. After pretest, subjects performed 5 blocks (60 trials each block) and participated in retention test after 48 hours. Factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed no significant differences between internal and external focus in the errorless groups (<em>P</em>>0.05), there was a significant difference among the groups in errorful learning condition (<em>P</em>=0.043). There was a significant difference between errorless and errorful conditions in internal focus groups (in favor of errorless group) (<em>P</em>=0.012). It seems that the challenging role of practice condition is very important in the effectiveness of instruction type of attention focus. It is recommend that errorless learning should be used when using internal attention focus instruction at the beginning of practice.
Dart throwing skill,errorful learning,errorless learning,external attention focus,internal attention focus
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67149.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67149_31b9c86591c9efdd274b00f2573b123b.pdf
University of Tehran
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
2008-9333
2676-4547
10
1
2018
05
22
The Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Sport Performance Enhancement and Conscious Motor Processing in Skilled Dart Players
139
157
FA
Ebrahim
Norouzi
0000-0003-1091-9371
Ph.D Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
ebrahim.norouzi68@gmail.com
Fatemeh
Hosseini
0000-0002-6640-4644
Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
fhosseini2002@yahoo.com
Mohammad Kazem
Vaez Mousavi
Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
vaez_mohammad@yahoo.com.au
10.22059/jmlm.2018.238453.1279
The employment of neurofeedback is growing rapidly in sport performance enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training on motor performance and conscious motor processing of skilled dart players. The subjects were 20 male skilled dart players. The research was conducted in five phases: pretest, neurofeedback training, posttest 1, under pressure test and posttest 2. Neurofeedback training consisted of prevention training of the alpha frequency band (8 to 12 Hz) in F4. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and mixed ANOVA were used. Results indicated that the amounts of conscious motor processing for neurofeedback training group decreased in posttest 1 (<em>P</em>=0.001) and under pressure test (<em>P</em>=0.001) but this reduction was not observed in the control group (<em>P</em>=0.83). The dart throwing points for neurofeedback training group and control group in the posttest 1 increased compared with the pertest (<em>P</em>=0.001), but only neurofeedback group (<em>P</em>=0.001) was able to preserve this increase in the under pressure test. The findings indicated an effect among neurofeedback training, conscious motor processing and sport performance. In other words, the neurofeedback training leads to the desired motor performance and creates automatic sense in the athlete by reducing the conscious motor processing.
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Conscious processing,dart throwing,neurofeedback,quiet mind,under pressure
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67150.html
https://jsmdl.ut.ac.ir/article_67150_fa5ecbd6c60fd018e1aa990d031ed596.pdf