Fatemeh Baradaran; Shila Safavi Homami; Salar Faramarzi
Abstract
The mathematical learning disorder is one of the most common learning disorders in schools that occurs due to inadequate concentration and poor memory or lack of coordination of motor proficiency in students. Mathematical learning disorder may be due to difficulty concentrating, memory problems or a ...
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The mathematical learning disorder is one of the most common learning disorders in schools that occurs due to inadequate concentration and poor memory or lack of coordination of motor proficiency in students. Mathematical learning disorder may be due to difficulty concentrating, memory problems or a lack of complete coordination of body movements. In this study, the effect of motor games in comparison to computer games on the executive, academic functions, and motor proficiency in students with mathematical learning disorder was investigated. In this study, 20 female students with math learning disabilities ranging in age from 8 to 9 years were divided into two balanced groups (n = 10) based on K Matt's mathematical score. Subjects in the first experimental group performed motor games for 8 weeks, 3 sessions of 45 minutes per week, and the second experimental group performed computer games during the same period. Mathematical tests of Key math (To diagnose and evaluate academic performance), Bruininksoseretsky, Stroop, and N-back in the pre-test and post-test stages were used to collect data. The results of this study have clearly shown that computer games compared to movement games had a greater effect on the executive functions and academic performance of students with a mathematical learning disorder. In contrast, it has been observed that the motor games were more effective on the motor proficiency of these students.
Farnaz Torabi; Azar Aghayari; Sohayl Dashtabadi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic swimming skills training on gross motor skills in male autistic children (7-11 years old). For this purpose, 20 autistic children (mean + SD age: 10.3±1.05 yr and BMI: 18.9±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic swimming skills training on gross motor skills in male autistic children (7-11 years old). For this purpose, 20 autistic children (mean + SD age: 10.3±1.05 yr and BMI: 18.9±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each group 10 subjects). The training protocol of the experimental group was implemented for 6 weeks containing warm-up with stretching exercises, standard swimming instruction and training and ball movements inside and outside water. The control group was engaged in their routine activities. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the second edition of Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) (Ulrich, 2000) was applied for both groups. Findings showed that the manipulation skills (%40), locomotion skills (%31) and gross skills (%35) improved significantly after the selected training protocol (P<0.05). Accordingly, the differences between the two groups in changes of pretest and posttest of the three skills were significant (P<0.05). Finally, it seems that swimming training with an emphasis on manipulation and locomotion skills can have beneficial effects on motor abilities of children with autism.
Ebrahim Abbasi; Rasol Yaali; Farhad Ghadiri
Abstract
When an athlete takes maximum advantage of his released degrees of freedom, he is called a motor elite. The aim of this study was to investigate the eliteness by combining speed constraint and explicit, errorless and analogical inference constraints. 21 physical education students (three of them were ...
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When an athlete takes maximum advantage of his released degrees of freedom, he is called a motor elite. The aim of this study was to investigate the eliteness by combining speed constraint and explicit, errorless and analogical inference constraints. 21 physical education students (three of them were excluded from this study: 21-3=18) from Kharazmi University voluntarily participated in this study. The participants in three distinct groups (explicit, errorless and analogical inference) participated in four sessions; each season consisted of 20 blocks and each block 6 attempts so eventually they had 480 repetitions in dart throe skill. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used to investigate the significance of the hypotheses. The results showed that implicit learning emerged as a result of the combination of the speed constraint and the constraints of all three methods (P≤0.05). Adding speed constraint to other training methods (explicit, errorless and analogical inference) makes them implicit and changes the order of the system in errorless method and increases errors. However, for a certain conclusion, subsequent studies are better using muscle activity registration to consider degrees of freedom as a criterion of eliteness. These results can help skill learners, instructors and especially physical education teachers to adopt efficient teaching methods given their time limits.
Mansoureh Mokaberian; Valiollah Kashani; Kobra Kashani; Somayeh Namdar Tajari
Abstract
This study attempted to evaluate the effect of engagement with physical activityon happiness of elderly men and women in Tehran city. The study populationincluded all the elderly in 22 regions of Tehran city and 400 subjects were selectedby multistage cluster sampling method as the sample of the study. ...
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This study attempted to evaluate the effect of engagement with physical activityon happiness of elderly men and women in Tehran city. The study populationincluded all the elderly in 22 regions of Tehran city and 400 subjects were selectedby multistage cluster sampling method as the sample of the study. To discriminateactive from inactive elderly subjects, Sharkey Physical Activity Questionnaire andto determine the amount of their happiness, Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI)was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. Allparticipants were more than 60 years old and had no psychological and physicaldisorders. After the questionnaires had been distributed and then collected and theraw data had been classified, SPSS13 software was used to analyze the data. Theresults of MANOVA at (P<0.0071) showed that active subjects significantly gainedhigher scores in all the happiness subscales such as life satisfaction, joy, selfesteem,control, efficiency, calmness and totally happiness than inactive subjectswhile gender and interaction of gender and activity level did not have anysignificant effect on happiness. Therefore, it can be stated that one of the factorsinfluencing happiness in the elderly is physical activity.
Mohammad Hossein Zamani; Ayoub Hashemi; Rasool Abedanzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feed forward augmented information in model observation on learning mini basketball free throw skill in children. For this purpose, 45 children (10 years old) were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method and were divided into three ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feed forward augmented information in model observation on learning mini basketball free throw skill in children. For this purpose, 45 children (10 years old) were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method and were divided into three groups: feed forward augmented information + observation, observation + KR feedback, and control (C). The research method was semi-experimental and research design was pretest-posttest and retention test. The task used in this study was mini basketball free throw skill. Firstly, the participants performed 15 trials in the pretest. The acquisition phase consisted of 6 blocks of 15 trials of observation followed by physical training. The retention test was performed 48 hours after the last training block in 15 trials. The data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance, between-group analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. The results showed that both at the acquisition and retention phases, feed forward augmented information + observation group who were knowledgeable about the quality of the model prior to the observation showed better performance than the other two groups (P<0.05). Generally, these results showed that knowledge of the model performance before observation can make learning of a throwing task more significant than the time when they were knowledgeable after the observation. Therefore, it is suggested that feed forward augmented information on the quality of the model before observation should be used to improve the performance of the subjects.
Mohsen Afrouzeh; Mehdi Sohrabi; AliReza Saberi Kakhki; Sobhan Sobhani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of equipment modification on acquisition and retention of basketball free throw skill in children aged between 9 and 10 with an emphasis on working memory capacity. 40malestudents were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of modified and ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of equipment modification on acquisition and retention of basketball free throw skill in children aged between 9 and 10 with an emphasis on working memory capacity. 40malestudents were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of modified and standard equipment with high and low working memory capacity based on the Memory for Digit Span assessment by Wechsler. Mini-basketball rules were used as a reference. The acquisition phase included 10 sessions, 4blocks each session and 15 attempts each block. Free throw basketball test (AAHPERD) was conducted as the pretest and acquisition and retention tests were conducted after a week. In the acquisition phase, 2x2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (eqipement×working memory×test) with repeated measures showed that interactive effect between working memory (high and low) and test (pretest and posttest) on performance was significant. Also, interactive effect between equipment (standard and modified) and test (pretest and posttest) on performance was significant while the interactive effect of working memory, equipment and test on performance was not significant. In retention phase, 2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (eqipement×working memory) showed that the main and interactive effect of working memory and equipment on performance was significant. The results showed that the effect of equipment employment in working memory levels on performance was similar in both pretest and posttest and also it seems that the effect of the modified equipment on performance in retention test was better in children with low working memory than children with high working memory.
Younes Olfatian; Mahmoud Shiekh; Abbas Minooi
Abstract
One of the basic motor skills in childhood is manipulation skills. Gross motor manipulation is a person's relationship with the objects and has this feature: force is applied to an object or the force of an object is absorbed. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a selected motor program ...
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One of the basic motor skills in childhood is manipulation skills. Gross motor manipulation is a person's relationship with the objects and has this feature: force is applied to an object or the force of an object is absorbed. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a selected motor program including team traditional games as motor experiences on manipulation skills development in boys aged between 6 and 8 (1st to 3rd grade of elementary school) in deprived areas. In this semi-experimental study, 20 children were selected from the male children in deprived areas of Andimeshk city purposively by convenience sampling method through a personality questionnaire. Firstly, they were pretested with Ulrich Gross Motor Development Test. The subjects were randomly matched in two groups: 10 kids in experiment group and 10 kids in control group. Then the selected motor program was executed for 24 sessions, 45 minutes each session for 8 weeks. During the execution of the program, the control group performed their usual activities. After the end of the program, both groups were post-tested. After checking the normality of the data and equality of variances, data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and one-way ANOVA in the context of MANOVA. Results showed that traditional games had a positive effect on development of manipulation skills (F6.4=30.75, sig=0.003, ƞ2=0.979). So an opportunity can be provided for children to train and increase the development of their basic manipulation skills and their movement by encouraging them to play proper games and enriching the environment.
Elahe Siavashi; Ali Heyrani; Ehsan Zareian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of skill level matching in cooperative dyadic interaction on learning of forehand table tennis skills in adolescent girls. Participants were selected convenience sampling form from 24 junior high school girls in Nahavand city and were randomly divided ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of skill level matching in cooperative dyadic interaction on learning of forehand table tennis skills in adolescent girls. Participants were selected convenience sampling form from 24 junior high school girls in Nahavand city and were randomly divided into two groups of Novice-Novice and Novice-Expert. Both groups performed five sessions of participatory dyad training with their respective arrangement (novice- novice, novice- expert) that each session consisted of 20 sets of 3-minute with a 1-minute rest time between sets. Using table tennis forehand shot accuracy test, the motor performance was measured in the pre-test, post-test, retention and transfer stages (Merely forehand performance with increasing throwing speed of ball thrower). The results showed that both Novice-Novice and Novice-Expert groups showed significant progress learning of forehand table tennis skills; Also, the Novice-Expert performed better in the post-test, retention and transfer stages than the Novice-Novice group. Therefore, Novice-Expert arrangement than Novice-Novice during participatory dyad training facilitates learning forehand table tennis skill.It revealed that novice-expert arrangement is more efficient in comparison to novice-novice arrangement as the former enjoys the benefits of using the optimal observational pattern (seeing a expert person), and offeres various challenges and strategies for the novice partner as a result of exercising with an expert partner. To conclude, novice-expert dyad practice promotes the speed of learning among table tennis learners.
Hamed Fahimi; Elahe Arabameri; Rasool Hemayat Talab
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare quiet eye in children with high and low motor proficiency. In this causal-comparative study, 40 children (7 to 14 years old) in Isfahan city were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Participants performed throwing and catching task in 10 trials. The data ...
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The aim of this study was to compare quiet eye in children with high and low motor proficiency. In this causal-comparative study, 40 children (7 to 14 years old) in Isfahan city were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Participants performed throwing and catching task in 10 trials. The data of quiet eyes were recorded by an eye tracking device (Ergoneers) and analyzed by Dikablis 3.1 software when performing the desired task. After the evaluation of data normality, the data were analyzed by independent t test and Pearson correlation coefficient at the significance level of 0.05. Independent t test results showed that children with high motor proficiency were better in the onset of QE (P=0.0001), offset of QE (P=0.023), QE duration (P=0.0001) and catching performance (P=0.0001) than children with lower motor proficiency. Also, the results showed a significant negative relationship between the catching performance and the onset of QE and a significant positive relationship between the catching performance and the offset of QE and QE duration in both groups of children with high and low motor proficiency. The results of the study generally revealed that the QE is considered as an effective variables associated with motor performance and appropriate to expertise level.
Zahra Naghizadeh; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Mahdi Namazizadeh; Motahareh Mirdamadi
Abstract
The Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied in descriptive and laboratory tasks in the field of motor and sport skills. It is necessary that tDCS effects on real sport skills are investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the Effect of tDCS on performance ...
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The Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied in descriptive and laboratory tasks in the field of motor and sport skills. It is necessary that tDCS effects on real sport skills are investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the Effect of tDCS on performance of basketball two point field throws (BFT) in skilled basketball players. In this quasi- experimental study, we used a repeated measure design including a pretest, intervention, posttest and follow. A total of 26 male basketball players were randomly divided into either an experimental or a sham group. Both groups watched the point light model of the performance of two elite basketball players. Then, the participants of the exercise group received tDCS over their pre-motor cortex for 20 minutes. The participants of the sham group underwent identical tasks performance except that tDCS was artificially applied for them. BFT was assessed at baseline (pre-intervention), one day post-intervention and 7 days post-intervention. For analyzing data, two factor Mixed model ANOVA, independent and paired t-tests were used. Results showed that anodal tDCS created no between group's differences in BFT in the intervention phase while tDCS lead to significant improvement of BFT in experimental group skills compared to sham group in test phase. Results showed that tDCS could be considered as a useful intervention for the improvement of BFT in skilled basketball players.
Manijheh Arabi; Ali Seghatoleslami; Javad Fooladian
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare brain quadrant dominance between athletic and non-athletic students. For this purpose, 199 university students participating in Sport Olympiad Summer 1391 were selected as the athletic sample and 162 students as the non-athletic samples using simple random sampling ...
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The aim of this research was to compare brain quadrant dominance between athletic and non-athletic students. For this purpose, 199 university students participating in Sport Olympiad Summer 1391 were selected as the athletic sample and 162 students as the non-athletic samples using simple random sampling method. The Hermann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) was used for data collection. The results indicated a significant difference in A brain quadrant between the athletes and non-athletes and also in the B brain quadrant between athletes and non-athletes (P<0.05). The priorities of brain quadrants in both athletes and non-athletes were C, D, A, B respectively. The results showed that although the right section of the brain had more share in problem solving, the left side of the brain had this ability as well and the share of this side was significantly higher in athletic group than the non-athletes.
Maryam Nazari; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Shila Safavi Homami
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different combinations of music and rhythmic movements on behavioral problems of children with mild mental retardation. A total of 40 children with mild mental retardation were randomly divided into 4 variations of practice including: ...
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different combinations of music and rhythmic movements on behavioral problems of children with mild mental retardation. A total of 40 children with mild mental retardation were randomly divided into 4 variations of practice including: rhythmic movement with major scale music, rhythmic movement with minor scale music, rhythmic movement with no music, and no rhythmic movement-no music (control group). Rutter inventory (Parent version) was used to evaluate behavioral problems. Pretest was taken before the intervention and post-test was taken after 12 weeks of practice (36 sessions). For data analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Tuki follow up tests were used. Results showed that behavioral problems of rhythmic movement with major scale music group were significantly decreased. It was also shown that the rhythmic movement with minor scale music and rhythmic movement with no music showed no significant decrease on behavioral problems of mentally retarded children. No considerable change was found in behavioral problems of the participants of the control group.
Rohallah Gahvare; Reza Rajabi; Shahnaz Shahrbanian; Hassan Gharayagh Zandi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale in athletes. The original scale had 7 subscales and 29 items in 5-point Likert Scale. 300 questionnaires were completed by 19-34-year-old athletes (%62.2 male, %37.8 female with the mean ...
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The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale in athletes. The original scale had 7 subscales and 29 items in 5-point Likert Scale. 300 questionnaires were completed by 19-34-year-old athletes (%62.2 male, %37.8 female with the mean age of 24.4 years old) who took part in different sport fields. To assess the construct validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Interclass correlation coefficient was also used to examine temporal reliability. The results showed that the Persian version of PSIAS supported the main framework. The validity and reliability of the Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale with 28 items (item 24 was omitted) were confirmed. According to the obtained results, the Persian version of Sport Injury Anxiety Scale can be recommended as a reliable and valid tool to assess the type and amount of athletes’ anxiety of sport injuries.
Nastaran Naderirad; Ali Akbar Jaberi Moghadam; Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni
Abstract
Postural control is one of the important abilities in daily life and sport activities of human beings and the importance of focus of attention is always discussed in this issue. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the instructions of focus of attention ...
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Postural control is one of the important abilities in daily life and sport activities of human beings and the importance of focus of attention is always discussed in this issue. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the instructions of focus of attention of supra-postural task on performance and learning of postural control in girls aged between 9 and 12. 45 female students in an elementary school in Malayer city participated in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: external attention, internal attention and control by drawing of lots. The participants were asked to maintain their postural control by instructions on supra-postural task. Instructions included focus of attention on the bar they held horizontally (external focus), on their hands (internal focus) and no instructions (control). The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that learning process in external focus group was significant compared with the internal focus (P=0.049) and control (P=0.005) groups. However, no significant differences were found in learning between internal focus and control groups (P=0.345). It can be concluded that external attention instruction on supra-postural task led to better postural control than internal attention instruction.
Ayoub Hashemi; Robabeh Rostami; Habib Hadianfard
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on Fundamental motor skills of children with DCD. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental, a pre- posttest design with experimental, and control groups. The statistical population of the study was 6 to ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on Fundamental motor skills of children with DCD. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental, a pre- posttest design with experimental, and control groups. The statistical population of the study was 6 to 10 year old children in khonj city. For this purpose, 40 children with developmental coordination disorders were selected by cluster sampling method based on entry and exit criteria as members of the sample group and were randomly divided into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Electrical stimulation was performed in 24 sessions and each session for 20 minutes with an intensity of one mA on the F3 and F4 regions on the study groups. The instruments used in this study included the DCD Questionnaire (DCDQ7), Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2), the Ulrich Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and the Raven Intelligence Test. Data analysis was performed by Levin, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have a significant effect on increasing locomotor movement skills (F = 461.84, P = 0.001, Eta = 0.92), object control (F = 351.15, P = 0.001, Eta = 0.90,) and total motor skills (F = 597.21, P = 0.001, Eta = 0.94). This method can be useful and effective in improving Fundamental motor Skills, which is one of the major problems of these children.
Tayebe Taherpouri; Parvaneh Shafineya; Mahdi Zarghami
Abstract
Various researches know lateral preference of eye and hand pattern as one of the important factors of performing sports skills. This study aimed at investigating the effect of lateral preference of eye and hand pattern on learning basketball free throw skill. From 3000 female students of Shahid ...
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Various researches know lateral preference of eye and hand pattern as one of the important factors of performing sports skills. This study aimed at investigating the effect of lateral preference of eye and hand pattern on learning basketball free throw skill. From 3000 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 60 subjects (age range 19-22 yr) were selected purposively as the sample using a researcher-made questionnaire of individual information and sporting background, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971) and hole card (Durand and Gold, 1910) and were assigned to two control and experimental groups (each group: 15 unilateral subjects and 15 crossed-lateral subjects). Firstly, pretest of basketball free throw was conducted. Then, practice protocol was performed for 8 weeks (24 sessions, 3 sessions a week). During this period, 6 posttests were administered to determine learning stages and one week after the last posttest, the retention test was conducted. The results showed a significant difference between unilateral and crossed-lateral (experimental group) subjects in the cognitive (sig=0.000) and associative (sig=0.000) stages of the acquisition of basketball free throw and the unilateral subjects had a better performance. Whereas there was no significant difference between unilateral and crossed-lateral subjects in the autonomous (sig=0.105) and retention (sig=0.086) stages. Finally, the results showed a difference in performance between experimental and control groups in favor of experimental group. According to these results, it seems that long practice and autonomous skill in unilateral and crossed-lateral subjects matched their performance and eliminated their differences. Therefore, coaches are recommended to identify talented subjects after a lot of practice in order to not generalize the result of performance to learning.
Raziyeh Shakarami; Ahmad Nikravan; Fatemeh Rezaee
Abstract
The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication ...
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The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication skills have been destroyed. With consider to high costs of treatment for autism, the use of alternative therapies suitable for autistic patients, especially children, and improving their quality of life is one of great importance. The aim of the present research is to determine the impact of course of sensory-motor integration training with help of interested parent to improve balance improvement of children suffering from autism. For this purpose, 24 autism children aged 6-10 years selected to this study and participated to sensory-motor training for 10 weeks. Participants asked to 2 stages of pre-test and post-test for balance skill. They were evaluated based on Laklak and Tandem Gait test. In order to analyze the effects of the research protocol, the analysis of variance with repeated measure and the scheffe post-hoc test was used at the significant level of P≤0.05. The results showed that sensory - motor integrity training significantly improved the static and dynamic balance skill and parent-centered approach have had higher benefits in improving dynamic balance with positive effects through manipulation of psychological features such as sense of belonging and solidarity, motivation and higher assurance.
Mansour Neisi; Sadegh Nasri; Rasool Abedanzadeh; Marzieh Balali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effective of active video games and sports basic games on the development of fundamental motor skills in elementary school students. The method of the present study is semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Sixty male students (age ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effective of active video games and sports basic games on the development of fundamental motor skills in elementary school students. The method of the present study is semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Sixty male students (age range: 8-11 years old) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (active video games (XbX), sports basic games) and a control group (inactive video games). The instruments used in this study are the Brunnicks-Ozertsky motor proficiency test, second edition, and the XbX 360 Kinect. First, participants performed motor skills pretest. Experimental groups performed the relevant training program for eight weeks, twice a week and 30 minutes per session. The control group also played passive video games under the full supervision of the Examiner with XbX console. At the end of the training sessions, the second edition of the Bruins Ozertsky motor proficiency test was repeated for all subjects (post-test phase). The results of the present study showed that active video and sports basic groups have a significant effect on the development of basic motor skills. Other results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the development of fundamental motor skills; these differences were significant with the traditional group, but significant differences were not found between the experimental groups. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches, in addition to sport basic trainings, they should also pay special attention to active video games.
Farideh Shafati; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Hamid Salehi
Abstract
Fundamental motor skills are key components of motor development and are divided into two main sub groups including fine and gross motor skills. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of balance training with Swiss ball (BTWSB) on gross motor skill of Children with Attention ...
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Fundamental motor skills are key components of motor development and are divided into two main sub groups including fine and gross motor skills. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of balance training with Swiss ball (BTWSB) on gross motor skill of Children with Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder. Participants of the present study were three 6 to 8 years old children with Combined type of Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD-C). This study was a single-subject study with multiple baseline design. Participants were required to exercise BTWSB for 9 weeks. Change in the gross motor skill of participants was assessed at one-week intervals using multiple baseline method. We administered Conners Parent Rating Scale (2003) and Broininks – Oseretsky Test Of Motor Proficiency (1978) to assess each outcome variable. The results of the data chart analysis based on descriptive statistics and visual analysis showed that BTWSB improved gross motor skill of all three participants (PND = 100% for all three participants). The results of this study indicate a positive effect of BTWSB on improving gross motor skill of Children with Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder.
Hasan Mohammadzadeh; Mohammad Ali Nazari; Mandana Heidari
Abstract
Physical balance is one of the important factors in daily sport activities.Dynamic balance helps maintain the balance of those forces imposed on body insports and an increase in this balance improves motor and sport performance. Theaim of this study was to determine the effects of neurofeedback training ...
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Physical balance is one of the important factors in daily sport activities.Dynamic balance helps maintain the balance of those forces imposed on body insports and an increase in this balance improves motor and sport performance. Theaim of this study was to determine the effects of neurofeedback training on dynamicbalance of young men. 24 male undergraduate students voluntarily participated inthis study and were involved in a double-blind design including control andexperimental groups. The experimental group participated in neurofeedbacktraining including the inhibition of brainwaves of 4-7 Hz and the reinforcement ofbrainwaves of 15-18 Hz at O1-O2 regions of the hindbrain for 10 sessions and 30minutes per session. Participants in the control group were exposed to the samecondition, but instead they were provided with sham feedback. EEG and dynamicbalance tests were administered before, at the end of the fifth and tenth sessions oftraining for both groups. The results indicated that dynamic balance significantlyimproved in the fifth session and posttest. The findings demonstrate thatneurofeedback training can enhance dynamic balance of young men. It issuggested that this training should be used to increase dynamic balance of athletes.
Akbar Moeini; Gholam Hossein Nazemzadegan; Robabeh Rostami
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of proprioceptive training on motor coordination in children with autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz schools. The method was quasi-experimental and a pretest/posttest design with a control group. 16 participants (5 to 12 years old, 8.62 ± ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of proprioceptive training on motor coordination in children with autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz schools. The method was quasi-experimental and a pretest/posttest design with a control group. 16 participants (5 to 12 years old, 8.62 ± 2.21) were randomly homogenized in experimental and control groups according to the results of Bruininks-Oseretsky subtests. Experimental subjects individually performed proprioceptive training in 24 sessions while the control group individually performed the similar number of sessions of regular occupational therapy. After the completion of the training course, posttest was conducted for both groups. Results demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of eye, hand and bimanual coordination (P≤0.05). Regarding the evaluations in this study and the significance of motor coordination due to changes in processing and sensory-motor systems, it can be concluded that proprioceptive training improved motor coordination in children with autism.
Sahar Zarei; Hassan Gharayagh Zandi; Mahmoud Mohebi
Abstract
Mental toughness is one of the most important multi-dimensional mental skills that effect sports success. It’s also very important to understand the factors effecting its development. One of the strategies to develop mental toughness is to consider its emotional dimension therefore; the purpose ...
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Mental toughness is one of the most important multi-dimensional mental skills that effect sports success. It’s also very important to understand the factors effecting its development. One of the strategies to develop mental toughness is to consider its emotional dimension therefore; the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on elite taekwondo athlete’s mental toughness. For the purpose, 30 athletes (with average age of (23/30 ± 5/52) were selected through random sampling from among Tehran Taekwondo population. They were randomly assigned into two groups experimental and control. Both groups completed questionnaire of mental toughness in sport (sheard and et al, 2009). 16 sessions of training during the two months were accomplished on experimental group. Data were analysis using analysis of co variance. The results showed that emotional intelligence training intervention. Had significant effects on mental toughness and its components (Confidence, consistency and control). Generally, emotional intelligence training is useful and effective way to improve elite taekwondo athletes ‘mental toughness.
Reyhaneh Rahdar Beik Qomi; Mehdi Shahbazi
Abstract
Decision making plays an important role in sport activities and is directly associated with sporting success or failure. On the other hand, one of the key issues in psychology of sports and behavioral sciences is sport orientation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of ...
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Decision making plays an important role in sport activities and is directly associated with sporting success or failure. On the other hand, one of the key issues in psychology of sports and behavioral sciences is sport orientation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of action and state orientation with decision making behavior of expert female football players. 27 players who attended competitions for at least 8 years participated in the present study. Action Control Scale (ACS-90) was used to specify action or state orientation of players. Then, to evaluate the performance of decision making of players, the images of real football situations were used. The players were required to respond correctly to one of the existing options (shooting, dribbling, passing). K-S test was applied to examine normal data distribution and multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze data at significance level of 0.05. Results showed a significance correlation between action orientation and accuracy and decision making behavior of action players (P<0.05); however, this correlation was not significant between action orientation and speed of decision making (P>0.05). Moreover, results indicated no significant relationships between state orientation and variables (accuracy, speed and decision making behavior) of state players (P>0.05). Finally, it can be inferred that action orientation in expert players has a correlation with accuracy in decision making and risk taking choices and it can facilitate reaching their goals.
Mahvash Nourbakhsh; Ahmad Farokhi; Saiede Khakpour; Homayon Farahani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the participation motives of male and female older adults for sport activities. The subjects were 241 persons (121 men and 120 women ranged from 60 to 89 years old, M = 66.16, SD = 6.66) who were selected from 5 districts of Tehran by relative ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the participation motives of male and female older adults for sport activities. The subjects were 241 persons (121 men and 120 women ranged from 60 to 89 years old, M = 66.16, SD = 6.66) who were selected from 5 districts of Tehran by relative portion method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and participation motivation questionnaire for older adults (PMQOA). The descriptive statistics, Friedman test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to describe variables and to test the research hypotheses. Results indicated significant differences in the priority of different factors of participation motives (X2 = 556.4, P=0.00); and fitness motive was the most important reason for sport participation in older adults. There were significant differences between men and women in “medical” and “reputation” factors (P
Mohammad Ali Besharat; Asma Hoseini
Volume 2, Issue 3 , October 2010
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between anger rumination and aggression in a sample of Iranian athletes. A correlational analysis was performed to assess the kind of association between four subscales of anger rumination (angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, and understanding ...
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between anger rumination and aggression in a sample of Iranian athletes. A correlational analysis was performed to assess the kind of association between four subscales of anger rumination (angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, and understanding of causes) and different aspects of competitive aggression and aggressive behavior including physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and indirect aggression. A total of 210 volunteer athletes (132 males, 78 females) from different Iranian sport federations were selected for this study. All participants were requested to complete the Persian version of the anger rumination scale (FARS) and the Competitive Aggression Questionnaire (CAQ). The results revealed that anger rumination subscales were positively associated with indices of competitive aggression. Anger rumination distracted using learned sport skills and techniques through weakening anger management and caused competitive aggression. Anger rumination also increased the possibility of aggressive behavior through distracting concentration on performing sport skills and techniques. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that anger rumination during competitive sports can cause aggressive behavior and reduce the possibility of sport achievements.
