Motor Development and Learning
Mahdi Rahzani; Jalil Moradi
Abstract
Introduction: Vision is one of the most important senses in learning motor skills and in this regard the role of visual illusion is very important, therefore this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of visual illusion on learning dart throwing skills in beginners.
Methods:The ...
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Introduction: Vision is one of the most important senses in learning motor skills and in this regard the role of visual illusion is very important, therefore this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of visual illusion on learning dart throwing skills in beginners.
Methods:The participants included 20 teenagers with an average age of 17 years, who were selected as convenience sampling from the community of secondary school students. After the pre-test, the participants were divided into two experimental groups (modified darts with visual illusion)and control (normal darts). Both groups did 10 training sessions. Immediately after the practice sessions, the post-test and two hours after the post-test, the immediate retention and transfer tests and a week later, the delayed retention and transfer tests were held. For data analysis, Mixed design analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used.
Results: The results showed that in both the experimental and control groups, a significant improvement was observed in the performance of darts skills from the pre-test to the post-test(p < 0.05). However, the comparison between the experimental and control groups showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups in all stages of acquisition, retention and transfer.
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the bigger perception of the target does not affect the performance and learning of darts skills and probably does not affect the motor control system. It is suggested to investigate the effect of visual illusion in new conditions in future researches.
Alireza Bahrami; Jalil Moradi; Behrouz Golmohammadi; Marzieh Sadat Sajadinezhad
Abstract
Introduction: This research aimed to design and standardize the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence assessment questionnaire in Iranian society.Methods: The current research method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with an exploratory design – an instrument development model. ...
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Introduction: This research aimed to design and standardize the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence assessment questionnaire in Iranian society.Methods: The current research method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with an exploratory design – an instrument development model. In the qualitative stage, after conducting 12 semi-structured interviews, related categories were collected and after checking the face and content validity, a 36-item questionnaire was designed. In the quantitative stage, the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire were examined. The statistical sample consisted of 808 teenagers from five provinces of the country who were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method and all the subjects completed the questionnaire. To determine the concurrent validity, the KTK3+ motor competence standard test was used, and to check the temporal reliability and consistency, test-retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used.Results: Through exploratory factor analysis, five factors of physical fitness factors related to health and skill, perceptual ability, non-verbal communication, enjoyment and participation in various physical activities, and learning and experience of motor skills were identified and these five factors explained 51% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit index and the comparative fit index was higher than 0.90. In concurrent validity, the correlation between the scores of the two tests was 0.51 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.89) and intra-class correlation (0.87) were also obtained.Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence questionnaire has a suitable and acceptable validity and reliability, and by using this questionnaire, the assessment of the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of teenagers is possible.
Hamid Salehi; Ahmad Reza Movahedi; Jalil Moradi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find out whether training in a specific visual condition was an advantage in learning the accuracy of skill performance in the basketball free throw shooting. 28 boys (mean age: 17.14+0.75 years) voluntarily participated in the study and practiced in two groups: with ...
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The aim of the present study was to find out whether training in a specific visual condition was an advantage in learning the accuracy of skill performance in the basketball free throw shooting. 28 boys (mean age: 17.14+0.75 years) voluntarily participated in the study and practiced in two groups: with normal light (control group), and in a specific visual condition (focusing light on rim of basketball) (experimental group) for 15 sessions. Ten days after the last session of training, the groups were evaluated in normal and specific visual conditions. According to the results, both groups improved the accuracy of the throws in the training phase. In the normal visual condition test, the accuracy of the free throws of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Thus, the advantage of training in specific visual condition was not verified. The experimental group had an advantage only when the test was carried out in the specific visual condition. In conclusion, a specific training condition will improve learning of sport skills (e.g. the basketball free throws) only if similar sensory-motor and processing conditions govern the training and the test.
