Mehdi Rahimzadeh; Hassan Gharayagh zandi; Ali Moghadamzadeh; fazlallah bagherzadeh; Alireza Bahrami
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quiet eye training on selective attention, gaze behavior and free throwing of basketball under stressful conditions. The statistical population of the present study was all youth basketball players who participated in competitions in Tehran province. ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quiet eye training on selective attention, gaze behavior and free throwing of basketball under stressful conditions. The statistical population of the present study was all youth basketball players who participated in competitions in Tehran province. According to the type and purpose of the study, the sample was ranging in age from 16 to 22 years. A total of 24 people were selected and randomly and equally divided into two groups of 12 people (quiet eye and control training group). The study included a pre-test, post-test, first retention, pressure test and second retention. In the pre-test phase, participants performed 10 free basketball throws and at the same time their gaze behavior and performance were recorded. The training phase consisted of 3 sessions based on Vickers quiet eye training. The first post-test and retention stages were similar to the pre-test with a difference of 24 hours from each other and the pressure test was performed 48 hours after the first retention and the second retention phase was performed 48 hours after the pressure test. To analyze the data, combined analysis of variance test and Benferoni follow-up test were used and independent t-test was used to compare the groups. The results showed that quiet eye training had a significant effect on selective attention, gaze behavior and free throw performance under stressful conditions
Roya Mahdipour; Mahdi Namazizadeh; Rokhsareh Badami; Hamid Mirhosseini
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to examine the simultaneous effect of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDSC) and observational learning on learning of basketball free throw. Methods: In semi-experimental study with repeated measure design, 30 novice female students ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to examine the simultaneous effect of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDSC) and observational learning on learning of basketball free throw. Methods: In semi-experimental study with repeated measure design, 30 novice female students in free basketball throw accessibly selected and randomly located in 2 tDCS with model observation and artificial stimulation with model observation groups. In pre test phase, participants throw 15 trials basketball free throw. Intervention phase done in 5 consecutive days that each day electrical stimulation of the brain was performed from the motor cortex (C3 anode & Fp2 anode), and artificial stimulation with model observation, and then participants performed 15 free basketball throws. In last session post test phase executed. One week and 21 days after post test phase respectively executed short term and long term retention phase. Data analyzed with ANOVA with repeated measure statistical method.Results: The result indicated that tDCS with model observation (F= 22.327, sig =0.0001, η2 =0,615) and artificial stimulation with model observation (F= 3.044, sig =0.023, η2 =0,179) significantly improved basketball free throw. Other results indicated that tDCS with model observation than artificial stimulation with model observation cause improvement basketball free throw in post test (p=0.002), short term test (p=0.002) and long term test (p=0.001). Conclusion: Overall, the results of the current study indicated that tDCS with model observation can be effective as a new training method in addition to model observation to improve basketball free throw skills.
Mahboubeh Sheikhzadeh; Robabeh Rostami; Davoud Fazeli
Abstract
Introduction: Motor imagery is one of the cognitive aspects of the tasks which is investigated as a factor affecting performance in many situations. Also, another cognitive dimension of tasks that researchers believe to play an important role in motor control and performance is mental representation. ...
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Introduction: Motor imagery is one of the cognitive aspects of the tasks which is investigated as a factor affecting performance in many situations. Also, another cognitive dimension of tasks that researchers believe to play an important role in motor control and performance is mental representation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between motor imagery ability and mental representation structure in basketball free throw.Methods: The design of this research was correlational and a convenient method of sampling was used. In this study, the Motor Imagery Questionnaire-Revised and Mental Representation Software were used as tools. The motor imagery ability of 60 female basketball players was measured and 10 participants with the highest (mean age: 16.3±2.05 years) and 10 participants with the lowest (mean age: 20.3±4.9 years) imagery ability were selected. Then, their mental representation was measured using mental representation software. The relationship between motor imagery ability and mental representation was analyzed using correlational analysis.Results: The results showed that the group with the highest motor imagery ability had a more structured mental representation which was more similar to that of criterion mental representation. Also, the results showed that there was a positive relationship between imagery and mental representation structure scores in both groups.Conclusion: These results were interpreted using the perceptual-cognitive approach. Also, these results were considered a piece of evidence for the top-down process of imagery. Achieving these results indicate that psychological skills training accompanied by technical skills training will have a critical contribution for the athletes to success in sports.
Zahra Naghizadeh; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Mahdi Namazizadeh; Motahareh Mirdamadi
Abstract
The Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied in descriptive and laboratory tasks in the field of motor and sport skills. It is necessary that tDCS effects on real sport skills are investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the Effect of tDCS on performance ...
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The Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied in descriptive and laboratory tasks in the field of motor and sport skills. It is necessary that tDCS effects on real sport skills are investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the Effect of tDCS on performance of basketball two point field throws (BFT) in skilled basketball players. In this quasi- experimental study, we used a repeated measure design including a pretest, intervention, posttest and follow. A total of 26 male basketball players were randomly divided into either an experimental or a sham group. Both groups watched the point light model of the performance of two elite basketball players. Then, the participants of the exercise group received tDCS over their pre-motor cortex for 20 minutes. The participants of the sham group underwent identical tasks performance except that tDCS was artificially applied for them. BFT was assessed at baseline (pre-intervention), one day post-intervention and 7 days post-intervention. For analyzing data, two factor Mixed model ANOVA, independent and paired t-tests were used. Results showed that anodal tDCS created no between group's differences in BFT in the intervention phase while tDCS lead to significant improvement of BFT in experimental group skills compared to sham group in test phase. Results showed that tDCS could be considered as a useful intervention for the improvement of BFT in skilled basketball players.
Negin Nazarifar; shahzad Tahmasebi; Mehdi Shahbazi
Abstract
Cognitive constrain of individual constrains which can be created with imagery and is a factor in many tasks affecting the performance has been investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PETTLEP imagery on the accuracy and speed basketball pass skill. 44 female ...
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Cognitive constrain of individual constrains which can be created with imagery and is a factor in many tasks affecting the performance has been investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PETTLEP imagery on the accuracy and speed basketball pass skill. 44 female students of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran (mean age of 22.45±2.3 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and participated in this study. In pretest, participants performed 2 blocks of 10 trials of accuracy and speed basketball pass. Then, they were assigned to one of the four groups homogeneously: accuracy pass PETTLEP imagery, speed pass PETTLEP imagery, accuracy control, and speed control. Two groups of imagery listened to the imagery audio during 3 days for 8 minutes per day. Then, subjects participated in posttest, retention and transfer tests. For data analysis, mixed ANOVA was used. In case of significance, independent t test was used for intergroup comparisons and analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for within-group comparisons with significance level of α=0.05. The results of analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between imagery and control groups in pretest. However, there were significant differences in posttest, retention and transfer tests between imagery and control groups (P≤0.05). Also, PETTLEP imagery of accuracy and speed pass improved accuracy and speed pass performance from pretest to retention test; however, there was no such process in transfer test (P≥0.05).
Hamid Salehi; Ahmad Reza Movahedi; Jalil Moradi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find out whether training in a specific visual condition was an advantage in learning the accuracy of skill performance in the basketball free throw shooting. 28 boys (mean age: 17.14+0.75 years) voluntarily participated in the study and practiced in two groups: with ...
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The aim of the present study was to find out whether training in a specific visual condition was an advantage in learning the accuracy of skill performance in the basketball free throw shooting. 28 boys (mean age: 17.14+0.75 years) voluntarily participated in the study and practiced in two groups: with normal light (control group), and in a specific visual condition (focusing light on rim of basketball) (experimental group) for 15 sessions. Ten days after the last session of training, the groups were evaluated in normal and specific visual conditions. According to the results, both groups improved the accuracy of the throws in the training phase. In the normal visual condition test, the accuracy of the free throws of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Thus, the advantage of training in specific visual condition was not verified. The experimental group had an advantage only when the test was carried out in the specific visual condition. In conclusion, a specific training condition will improve learning of sport skills (e.g. the basketball free throws) only if similar sensory-motor and processing conditions govern the training and the test.
