Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

• saeed shokri ¹
• , Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi ²

¹ Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

² Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Physical Education,Tabriz University,Tabriz. Iran

Abstract

Introduction: A warm-up decrement is a temporary and fleeting decrease in an individual's performance that occurs following a short-term rest period. It can be reduced by practicing cognitive techniques during the rest period. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of overt and covert self-talk on the warm-up decrement of indirect billiards.

Methods: 70 participants were divided into seven homogeneous groups of 10 based on their indirect billiards hit scores in the pretest, including overt instructional self-talk, covert instructional self-talk, overt motivational self-talk, covert motivational self-talk, overt irrelevant self-talk, covert irrelevant self-talk, and control groups. They performed the task for 15 minutes, and their final score of 10 performances was recorded. Then they rested for 5 minutes, and then performed 10 performances. During the rest period, the participants performed self-talk related to their group. And the same steps were repeated once again with a 2-minute rest interval.

Results: The obtained scores were analyzed by combined analysis of variance (7x2) at a significance level of 0.05, and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the differences between the groups at different stages. The results showed that the instructional and motivational self-talk groups (overt and covert) performed better than the unrelated self-talk and control groups, and their difference was significant.

Conclusion: According to the research results, athletes can use overt and covert instructional and motivational self-talk to reduce warm-up decrement during rest periods.

Keywords

• warm-up decrement
• instructional self-talk
• motivational self-talk
• irrelevant self-talk
• billiard stroke

Main Subjects

• Motor Development and Learning