Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Authors
1 Department of Motor behavior and sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
2 Phd student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of gender stereotypes threat and conceptions of Ability on (a) motor performance (soccer dribbling) and (b) working memory (2- back) in young adolescent girls.
Methods: Ninety participants (Mage = 14.02 years old) were randomly assigned into a gender stereotype threat and a control group (neutral; without stereotype threat). Each group was further randomly divided into inherent ability and acquired skill subgroups. Research tasks included soccer dribbling and the n-back test. In the pre test, they performed 1 blocks of five trials soccer dribbling and n-back test. in the practice phase, the individuals performed 12 blocks of five trials and then 48 hr later in retention and transfer (under pressure) participated in the same way as the pre test.
Results: Findings showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the acquisition phase of the soccer dribbling task (p >.05), but there was a significant difference in time and error scores in the retention and transfer tests. However, gender Stereotype threat and ability concepts did not affect working memory.
Conclusion: Implicit activation of gender stereotypes does not always lead to negative consequences. Possible mechanisms regarding the effect of gender stereotypes threat and conceptions of Ability on motor performance and working memory were discussed.
Keywords: Motor skill, Stereotype threat, Working memory
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