Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
Scientific Journal

Analysis of the Effects of Nonlinear Teaching Methods on Tactical Knowledge and Performance Level of Female Students in Novice Handball: a Comparison of Tactical Game Approach and Sport Education Model

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

safiye Ebrahimi 1
Hasan Mohammadzadeh 2
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad 3

1 , Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

3 Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jsmdl.2026.403947.1870
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two nonlinear training models (Tactical Game Approach and Sport Education Model) on the level of tactical knowledge and performance of novice handball students.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study included pre-test, post-test and Transfer test design. Two schools were selected from areas with the same conditions using a multi-stage random clustering method. A total 46 students aged 13 to 15 years participated for 17 sessions. Data were collected through video recording, Game Performance assessment instrument and a written test. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests, mixed model ANOVA.

Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the level of tactical knowledge in the groups, but no significant difference was observed between the groups (P<0.05). Conversely, in evaluating performance under real-game conditions, the Tactical Game Approach group showed significant progress compared to the Sport Education Model group (SEM) (P<0.05). In the Transfer test, both groups showed a decline in performance; however, this decrease was more pronounced in the SEM group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Tactical Game Approach can provide an appropriate response to the demands related to changes in game and training methods in handball through improving the motor skills and tactical knowledge of novice athletes. In addition, in the field of teacher education and professional development in physical education through the process of curriculum review and improvement of the physical education content in schools, attention to this teaching approach will have increasing importance.

Keywords

Nonlinear Learning
Sport Training Model
Tactical Knowledge
Tactical Game Approach
Subjects
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 25 January 2026

  • Receive Date 10 November 2025
  • Revise Date 06 January 2026
  • Accept Date 25 January 2026

Home

Publication Ethics

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us