The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches

Nazari Kakavandi, Saeed; Saberi Kakhki, Alireza; Taheri Torbati, Hamidreza; Rohbanfard, Hassan

doi:10.22059/jmlm.2019.254917.1366

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

¹ PhD Student of Motor Learning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

³ Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bu-Ali Sina , Hamedan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2019.254917.1366

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the errorless, errorful and random practice schedules on the acquisition and learning of relative timing in a motor task. 51 male students (age: 22±4 years old) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (control, errorful, errorless, and random). This study was carried out in five phases: pretest (PRT), acquisition (ACQ), 10-min retention and transfer and 24-hour retention and transfer. In the acquisition phase, a timing task with three different difficulty levels (simple, moderate, and difficult) was practiced in three sessions of 45 trials with feedback by experimental groups. In order to analyze the data, a mixed-design analysis of variance model with repeated measures on each variable was used in the acquisition and retention phases. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in the other phases. The findings of relative timing showed no significant differences among the groups in the pretest (P˃0.05). Additionally, in retention and transfer tests, errorless group had better performance than errorful, random and control groups (P≤0.05). Errorless group performed better than the random and errorful groups in 24-hour transfer test of the secondary task (P≤0.05). These results showed that practice in errorless conditions leads to a better learning of the task and its generalization to new conditions that are consistent with the implicit learning and reinvestment theories

Keywords

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Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 3
December 2019
Pages 321-342

The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 3December 2019Pages 321-342

Volume 11, Issue 3
December 2019
Pages 321-342