Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Authors
1 Department of sports sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Department of sports sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran .
3 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system that affects the motor and sensory systems to control balance while standing and walking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of proprioceptive training on balance, fatigue, and quality of life of women with MS.
Methods: The statistical population of this research included 20- to 50-year-old women with MS and a total score of 1 to 4 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) that are members of the Isfahan MS Association. From this population, 30 volunteers were selected conveniently and assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants of both groups completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) tests before starting the training program. The experimental group performed 60-minute proprioceptive training for eight weeks and three sessions a week, and the control group performed their daily activities during this period. After 8 weeks of training, both experimental and control groups repeated the previous tests. The data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests at the significant level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in balance, fatigue, and quality of life of the experimental group in the post-test compared with the pre-test (P<0.05). Also, the comparison of the post-test results of the two experimental and control groups showed a significant difference in the balance and quality of life of MS patients (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, eight weeks of proprioceptive training improved the balance and quality of life of MS patients, but it was not effective in reducing their fatigue. Therefore, the use of proprioceptive training is recommended for the well-being of MS patients.
Keywords
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Bayat F, Khanjani Z, Babapour J. Bakhshipour Roudsari A. (2021). Modeling Multiple Sclerosis Based on Sensory Processing Sensitivity by Mediation of Risk Full Decision Making. Res Behav Sci 19(2), 317-327. htts//doi.org/0.29252/rbs.19.2.317
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htts//doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2015.04.002.
Ghazavi N, Sadat SJ, & Roustaei N. (2021). Effect of Proprioceptive Exercises on Lower Extremity Propriocepti-on in Patients with Diabetic Neur-opathy. Journal of Clinical Care and Skills., 2(4), 201-205 .(In Persian)
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Goldlist S, Wijeyaratnam DO, Edwards T, Pilutti LA, & Cressman EK. (2022). Assessing proprioceptive
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htts//doi.org/10.1177/20552173221111761
Grueva-Pancheva, T. (2021). Effect of proprioceptive training on postural balance in patients with chronic
ankle instability. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1), 3-11 .
htts//doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.01001
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exercise training and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on motor function in patients with multiple
sclerosis. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 61(2), 958-970.
htts//doi.org/10.22038/MJMS.2018.11564 .(In Persian)
Aman JE, Elangovan N, Yeh IL, & Konczak J. (2015). The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 1075. htts//doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.01075
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Azimian, M., Farahani, A. S., Dadkhah, A., Fallahpour, M., & Karimlu, M. (2009). Fatigue severity scale:
the psychometric properties of the persian-version in patients with multiple sclerosis. Res J Biol Sci, 4(9),
974-977. htts//doi.org/rjbsci.2009.974.977 (In Persian)
Bayat F, Khanjani Z, Babapour J. Bakhshipour Roudsari A. (2021). Modeling Multiple Sclerosis Based on Sensory Processing Sensitivity by Mediation of Risk Full Decision Making. Res Behav Sci 19(2), 317-327. htts//doi.org/0.29252/rbs.19.2.317
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.024.
Bernier, J. N., & Perrin, D. H. (1998). Effect of coordination training on proprioception of the functionally unstable ankle. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 27(4), 264-275 .
https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.1998.27.4.264
Cameron, M. H., Horak, F. B., Herndon, R. R., & Bourdette, D. (2008). Imbalance in multiple sclerosis: a result of slowed spinal somatosensory conduction. Somatosensory & motor research, 25(2), 113-122 https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220802131127 .
Citaker, S., Gunduz, A. G., Guclu, M. B., Nazliel, B., Irkec, C., & Kaya, D. (2011). Relationship between
foot sensation and standing balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gait & posture, 34(2), 275-278 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.05.015
Daneshjoo, A., Gheitasi, M., & Jaffari, N. (2020). The effect of six weeks’ massage in water on walking speed, postural control, pain intensity, fatigue and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis. Anesthesiology and Pain, 11(1), 70-84 .(In Persian)
De Groot MH, Phillips SJ, & Eskes GA. (2003). Fatigue associated with stroke and other neurologic
conditions: Implications for stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84(11), 1714-1720 .
https://doi.org/10.1053/S0003-9993(03)00346-0
Dehner, C., Heym, B., Maier, D., Sander, S ,.Arand, M., Elbel, M., . . . Kramer, M. (2008). Postural control
deficit in acute QTF grade II whiplash injuries. Gait & posture, 28(1), 113-119 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.10.007
Ebrahimi M, Mousavi Sadati SK, Daneshjoo A. (2020). Comparison of the Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises with Mental Imagery and Working Memory on Dynamic Balance, Range of Motion and the Rate of Spasticity in MS Patients. J Clin Physio Res. 5(4): e24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jcpr.v4i3.29115. (In Persian)
Etemadifar M, Sajjadi S, Nasr Z, Firoozeei TS, Abtahi SH, Akbari M, & al, e. (2013). Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A systematic review. European Neurology, 70(5-6), 356-363. htts//doi.org/10.1159/000355140
Fereshtenejad, N., Sadeghi, E., Jamali, A., & Etemadifar, M. (2015). Foot sensory impairment and its relationship with balance and quality of life in people with Multiple sclerosis. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 10(5), 627-636. htts//doi.org/ 10.22122/jrrs.v10i5.2056 (In Persian)
Frzovic, D., Morris, M. E., & Vowels, L. (2000). Clinical tests of standing balance: performance of persons with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(2), 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90144-8
Ganesan M, Kanekar N, & Aruin AS. (2015). Direction-specific impairments of limits of stabiilty in
individuals with multiple sclerosis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 58, 145-150.
htts//doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2015.04.002.
Ghazavi N, Sadat SJ, & Roustaei N. (2021). Effect of Proprioceptive Exercises on Lower Extremity Propriocepti-on in Patients with Diabetic Neur-opathy. Journal of Clinical Care and Skills., 2(4), 201-205 .(In Persian)
Goble DJ, & Brown SH. (2008). The biological and behavioral basis of upper limb asymmetries in sensorimotor performance. . Neurosci.Biobehav.Rev., 32, 598–610. htts//doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.10.006
Goble DJ, Coxon JP, VanImpe A, Geurts M, Doumas M, Wenderoth N, & etal. (2011). brain activity during ankle proprioceptive stimulation predicts balance performance in young and older adults. B. J. Neurosci, 31, 16344–16352. htts//doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4159-11.2011
Goldlist S, Wijeyaratnam DO, Edwards T, Pilutti LA, & Cressman EK. (2022). Assessing proprioceptive
acuity in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin., 8(3), 20552173221111761.
htts//doi.org/10.1177/20552173221111761
Grueva-Pancheva, T. (2021). Effect of proprioceptive training on postural balance in patients with chronic
ankle instability. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1), 3-11 .
htts//doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.01001
Ghaem, H., Borhani Haghighi, A., Jafari, P., & Nikseresht, A. R. (2007). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the multiple sclerosis quality of life questionnaire. Neurology India, 55(4), 369–375. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.33316
Jamali, A., Sadeghi-Demneh, E., Fereshtenajad, N., & Hillier, S. (2017). Somatosensory impairment and its association with balance limitation in people with multiple sclerosis. Gait & posture, 57, 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.020 .(In Persian)
Karakaya, M. G. r., Rutbil, H., Akpinar, E., Yildirim, A., & Karakaya, İ. C. i. (2015). Effect of ankle proprioceptive training on static body balance. Journal of physical therapy science, 27(10), 3299-3302 .
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.3299
Kargarfard, M., Shariat, A., Ingle, L., Cleland, J. A., & Kargarfard, M. (2018). Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Impact of Aquatic Exercise Training on Functional Capacity, Balance, and Perceptions of Fatigue in Female Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(2), 234-241. htts//doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.015
Kiran, D., Carlson, M., Medrano, D., & Smith, D. R. (2010). Correlation of three different knee joint position sense measures. Physical Therapy in Sport, 11(3), 81-85 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.002
Kos, D., Kerckhofs, E., Nagels, G., D'hooghe, M., & Ilsbroukx, S. (2008). Origin of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: review of the literature. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 22(1), 91-100 htts//doi.org/10.1177/1545968306298934
Lee, H., Kim, H., Ahn, M., & You, Y. (2015). Effects of proprioception training with exercise imagery on
balance ability of stroke patients. Journal of physical therapy science, 27(1), 1-4 .https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1
Mahdizadeh, A., Lokzadeh, S., Riyahi, A., Hosseini, S. A., & Jalili, N. (2019). The Investigation of Factors Affecting the Gait of the Patients Suffering From Multiple Sclerosis. Archives of Rehabilitation, 20(1), 64-73. htts//doi.org/10.32598/rj.20.1.64.(In Persian)
Matuska, K., Mathiowetz, V., & Finlayson, M. (2007). Use and perceived effectiveness of energy
conservation strategies for managing multiple sclerosis fatigue .American Journal of Occupational
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