Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Scientific Journal

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

¹ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

² Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

³ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2023.367012.1750

Abstract

Introduction: Reactivity to stress is the basis of individual differences in mental, emotional, and physiological responses to stressful situations and is a valid indicator for current and future adverse health outcomes. Despite the importance of stress reactivity and its consequences, the conventional physiological calculation of reactivity is time-consuming, costly, and invasive. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes (PSRS-AA).
Methods: The research method was a descriptive-correlational type. The statistical sample was made up of 290 athletes (130 girls and 160 boys) of different sports fields with an age range of 12 to 20 years who participated in the present study using the available sampling method. First, the correctness of the translation of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed using the back-translation method, and then confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency.
Results: The results showed that the goodness of fit index and the comparative fit index are higher than 0.9. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent athletes and its dimensions were obtained above 0.7 (acceptable index value).
Conclusion: Based on the results, based on the results, the Persian perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent athletes has good and acceptable construct validity and internal reliability, and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool.

Keywords

References

Blakemore, S. J. (2008). The social brain in adolescence. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(4), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2353

Britton, D., Kavanagh, E., & Polman, R. (2017). The perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.008

Byrne, D. G., & Mazanov, J. (2001). Self‐esteem, stress and cigarette smoking in adolescents. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 17(2), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.885

Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental review, 28(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003

Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 298(14), 1685-1687. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.14.1685

Crane, J., & Temple, V. (2015). A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth. European physical education review, 21(1), 114-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X14555294

Davis, M. (2003). Addressing the needs of youth in transition to adulthood. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 30, 495-509. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025027117827

Ghahramani, M. H., Besharat, M. A., Attarzadeh Hosseini, S. R., & Akbarnejad, A. (2015). The Effect of Different Sport Stress Coping Styles on Sources of Acute Stress and Salivary Cortisol in Wrestlers. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning, 6(4), 531-547. https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2015.52773(In Persian)

Ghasemi Navab, A. (2016). Reliability, validity, factor analysis Persian version of adolescent Stress Questionnaire. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 7(25), 89-116. https://doi.org/ 10.22054/jem.2017.1671.1050(In Persian)

Hair, J. F. (2009). Multivariate data analysis.

Kaiseler, M., Polman, R., & Nicholls, A. (2009). Mental toughness, stress, stress appraisal, coping and coping effectiveness in sport. Personality and individual differences, 47(7), 728-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.012

Kaiseler, M., Polman, R. C., & Nicholls, A. R. (2012). Effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on appraisal coping, and coping effectiveness in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2010.551410

Kaiseler, M., Polman, R. C., & Nicholls, A. R. (2012). Gender differences in appraisal and coping: an examination of the situational and dispositional hypothesis. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2012.43.001

Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of personality, 1(3), 141-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410010304

Limm, H., Angerer, P., Heinmueller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M., & Guendel, H. (2010). Self-perceived stress reactivity is an indicator of psychosocial impairment at the workplace. BMC public health, 10, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-252

Lopez-Duran, N. L., McGinnis, E., Kuhlman, K., Geiss, E., Vargas, I., & Mayer, S. (2015). HPA-axis stress reactivity in youth depression: evidence of impaired regulatory processes in depressed boys. Stress, 18(5), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1053455

Messerli-Bürgy, N., Horsch, A., Schindler, C., Boichat, A., Kriemler, S., Munsch, S., ... & Puder, J. J. (2019). Influence of acute physical activity on stress reactivity in obese and normal weight children: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity facts, 12(1), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494294

Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., & Perry, J. L. (2015). Emotional maturity, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness among adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, 32-39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.004

Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. (2007). Coping in sport: A systematic review. Journal of sports sciences, 25(1), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600630654

Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., & Levy, A. R. (2012). A path analysis of stress appraisals, emotions, coping, and performance satisfaction among athletes. Psychology of sport and exercise, 13(3), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.12.003

Rabiei, L., Eslami, A. A., Masoudi, R., & Salahshoori, A. (2012). Assessing the effectiveness of assertiveness program on depression, anxiety and stress among high school students. Journal of Health System Research, 8(5), 844-856. (In Persian)

Romeo, R. D. (2010). Adolescence: a central event in shaping stress reactivity. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20437

Samadi, H., Zanganeh, F., & Georki, H. (2020). Investigating of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioural Strategies Training on Salivary Cortisol levels of Beginner Runners: Follow up 3 Month. Sport Psychology Studies, 8(30), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.22089/spsyj.2019.7494.1802(In Persian)

Sandvik, A. M., Gjevestad, E., Aabrekk, E., Øhman, P., Kjendlie, P. L., Hystad, S. W., ... & Johnsen, B. H. (2020). Physical fitness and psychological hardiness as predictors of parasympathetic control in response to stress: A Norwegian police simulator training study. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 35(4), 504-517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-019-09323-8

Schlotz, W., Hammerfald, K., Ehlert, U., & Gaab, J. (2011). Individual differences in the cortisol response to stress in young healthy men: Testing the roles of perceived stress reactivity and threat appraisal using multiphase latent growth curve modeling. Biological psychology, 87(2), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.005

Schlotz, W., Yim, I. S., Zoccola, P. M., Jansen, L., & Schulz, P. (2011). The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale: measurement invariance, stability, and validity in three countries. Psychological assessment, 23(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021148

Schulz, P., Jansen, L. J., & Schlotz, W. (2005). Stress reactivity: Theoretical concept and measurement. Diagnostica, 51(3), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.51.3.124

Shokri, O., Tamizi, N., Abdollah, P. M. A., Sadat, A. Z. A., & Abdolkhaleghi, M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the perceived stress reactivity scale. Training Measurement, 7(25), 137-158.( In Persian)

Sisk, C. L., & Zehr, J. L. (2005). Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 26(3-4), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003

Steinhardt, M., & Dolbier, C. (2008). Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. Journal of American college health, 56(4), 445-453. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.44.445-454

Strauss, M., Foshag, P., Brzęk, A., Vollenberg, R., Jehn, U., Littwitz, H., & Leischik, R. (2021). Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk in occupational groups with different working conditions: a cross-sectional study among police officers and office workers. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(9), 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10092025

Suls, J., & Martin, R. (2005). The daily life of the garden-variety neurotic: Reactivity, stressors exposure, mood spillover, and maladaptive coping. Journal of Personality.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00356.x

Susman, E. J., & Dorn, L. D. (2013). Puberty: Its role in development. In R. M. Lerner, M. A. Easterbrooks, J. Mistry, & I. B. Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Developmental psychology (2nd ed., pp. 289–320). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: pearson.

Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Volume 16, Issue 3
August 2024
Pages 23-40

Files

History

Receive Date: 20 October 2023
Revise Date: 16 December 2023
Accept Date: 24 December 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics

Article View: 348
PDF Download: 197