The Effect of Visual Occlusion on the of Aiming - Catching Skills and Quiet Eye in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Ghotbi Varzaneh, Ahmad; Fahimi, Hamed; Daryoush, Khajavi

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2024.374048.1768

The Effect of Visual Occlusion on the of Aiming - Catching Skills and Quiet Eye in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

ahmad Ghotbi Varzaneh ¹

hamed fahimi ²

Khajavi Daryoush ³^{, 4}

¹ Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Motor Behaviour, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

³ Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tehran,Tehran , Iran.

⁴ Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Arak, Arak, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2024.374048.1768

Abstract

Introduction: Children with developmental coordination disorder exhibit weaknesses in performing and tracking aiming-catching tasks. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of visual occlusion on aiming-catching skills and quiet eye duration in children with developmental coordination disorder.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, which was conducted with a repeated measurement design, 26 children with developmental coordination disorder with an age range of 7 to 9 years were selected from among the girls and boys with developmental coordination disorder in Khorasgan Welfare and Rehabilitation Center of Isfahan. The participants threw 10 balls towards the wall and simultaneously catching the return ball under three conditions of full vision, initial occlusion, and late occlusion. At the same time as throwing and receiving the ball, the eye movements of the participants were recorded by a eye tracking device, as well as their performance score. The data were analyzed by within group analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results showed that the performance of aiming-catching skills and the length of the quiet eye period in the conditions of initial occlusion and late occlusion were significantly weakened compared to the conditions without occlusion (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that initial occlusion caused further weakening of aiming and catching skills as well as a shorter period of quiet eye compared to late occlusion (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the results of the present research support the role of the pre-programming system in the implementation of aiming and catching skills in children with developmental coordination disorders.

Keywords

Visual occlusion

Pre-programming mechanism

Quiet eye

Developmental coordination disorder

Aiming-catching task

Adams, I. L., Ferguson, G. D., Lust, J. M., Steenbergen, B., & Smits-Engelsman, B. C. (2016). Action planning and position sense in children with developmental coordination disorder. Human movement science, 46, 196-208. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.humov.2016.01.006

Akbaripour, R., Daneshfar, A., & Shojaei, M. (2018). Reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) in Children Aged 7-10 Years in Tehran. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 7(4), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrm.2018.111121.1776(In Persian)

Lolk, A. (Ed.) (2013). Neurokognitive lidelser. In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Baghernia, R., & Asle Mohammadizadeh, M. (2014). Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder in Iranian 3-to-11-year-old children. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 9(6). https://doi.org/ 10.22122/jrrs.v9i6.1255

Biotteau, M., Albaret, J. M., & Chaix, Y. (2020). Developmental coordination disorder. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 174, pp. 3-20). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-64148-9.00001-6

Ferguson, G. D., Duysens, J., & Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. (2015). Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder are deficient in a visuo-manual tracking task requiring predictive control. Neuroscience, 286, 13-26. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.032

Henderson, S., Sugden, D. and Barnett, A. (2007). Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Second Edition, Pearson, London. https://doi.org/10.1037/t55281-000

Huang, Q., Yeung, M., Fong, K., & Chien, C. W. (2024). Investigation of Cortical Activity during Online Motor Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 21, 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01465-z

Hyde, C., & Wilson, P. (2011). Online motor control in children with developmental coordination disorder: chronometric analysis of double‐step reaching performance. Child: care, health and development, 37(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01131.x

Jane, J. Y., Burnett, A. F., & Sit, C. H. (2018). Motor skill interventions in children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 99(10), 2076-2099. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.12.009

Miles, C. A. L., Wood, G., Vine, S. J., Vickers, J. N., & Wilson, M. R. (2015). Quiet eye training facilitates visuomotor coordination in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 40, 31-41. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.01.005

Olivier, I., Hay, L., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (2007). Age-related differences in the reaching and grasping coordination in children: unimanual and bimanual tasks. Experimental brain research, 179, 17-27. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00221-006-0762-6

Parr, J. V., Foster, R. J., Wood, G., Thomas, N. M., & Hollands, M. A. (2020). Children with developmental coordination disorder show altered visuomotor control during stair negotiation associated with heightened state anxiety. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 14, 589502. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnhum.2020.589502

Pinero-Pinto, E., Romero-Galisteo, R. P., Sánchez-González, M. C., Escobio-Prieto, I., Luque-Moreno, C., & Palomo-Carrión, R. (2022). Motor Skills and Visual Deficits in Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(24), 7447. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm11247447

Plumb, M. S., Charity, M., Milla, K., Bodt, B., & Getchell, N. (2023). Prefrontal Cortex Activity in Siblings With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 11(1), 188-208. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2021-0065

Plumb, M. S., Wilson, A. D., Mulroue, A., Brockman, A., Williams, J. H., & Mon-Williams, M. (2008). Online corrections in children with and without DCD. Human Movement Science, 27(5), 695-704. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.humov.2007.11.004

Ruddock, S., Piek, J., Sugden, D., Morris, S., Hyde, C., Caeyenberghs, K., & Wilson, P. (2015). Coupling online control and inhibitory systems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Goal-directed reaching. Research in developmental disabilities, 36, 244-255. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.013

Sarrami, L., Ghasemi, A., Arabameri, E., & Kashi, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of movement assessment battery for children-2 in 3-6 years old children in Isfahan. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 9(0), 92. https://doi.org/ 20.1001.1.23222840.1398.9.0.68.0 (In Persian)

van Hoorn, J. F., Schoemaker, M. M., Stuive, I., Dijkstra, P. U., Rodrigues Trigo Pereira, F., Van der Sluis, C. K., & Hadders‐Algra, M. (2021). Risk factors in early life for developmental coordination disorder: a scoping review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 63(5), 511-519. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/dmcn.14781