Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Scientific Journal

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

¹ Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

³ Associate professor, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran .

⁴ Associate professor, Department Biomedical Engineering & Medical Physics, faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁵ 5- Associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2024.383488.1799

Abstract

Introduction: Studies that have examined the upper limb function of children with cerebral palsy and hemiplegia have mostly used single-handed tasks, including the constraint of the healthy hand technique; however, this method led to emotional problems in the child. This study aimed to investigate hand function after bimanual handball training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Methods: Five children referred to Fakhr e Sadegh Clinic with a mean age of 10.2±2.28 years were selected via convenience sampling. Parents of the children completed the consent form. Each participant was tested once before and once after the training using the Purdue pegboard test, and one-handed, simultaneous bimanual, and sequential bimanual performance were assessed. The participants performed two 30-minute bimanual exercise sessions per week for a total of six weeks.
Results: The results were analyzed using SPSS 27 software. Paired t-test showed that performance of the less affected hand (p=0.03) and sequential bimanual coordination (p=0.00) increased significantly, while simultaneous bimanual coordination (p=0.08) did not improve significantly. Also, the Wilcoxon test did not show a significant improvement in the more affected hand (p=0.06).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of bimanual handball catching exercises can be effective in improving sequential bimanual coordination and the function of the less affected hand in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and can be used as an intervention method in motor rehabilitation of these children.

Keywords

References

Abd-Elfattah, H. M., & Aly, S. M. (2021). Effect of core stability exercises on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 45(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.20124

Abdel Rahman, S.A., Mohamed Elshamy,S.E., Nour El-Dien,S.A. (2019). Effectiveness of play therapy on gross manual dexterity in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. International Journal of Recent Advances Multidisciplinary Research, 6(2),4637-4641.

Aisen, M. L., Kerkovich, D., Mast, J., Mulroy, S., Wren, T. A., Kay, R. M., & Rethlefsen, S. A. (2011). Cerebral palsy: clinical care and neurological rehabilitation. The Lancet Neurology, 10(9), 844-852. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70176-4

Azizidarabkhani, N., & Heyrani, A. (2021). The effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings with and without mirror on simple reaction time in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (SHCP). journal of motor and behavioral sciences, 4(2), 101-106. https://www.jmbs.ir/article_130314.html?lang=en(In Persian)

Blinch, J., Cameron, B. D., Cressman, E. K., Franks, I. M., Carpenter, M. G., & Chua, R. (2014). Comparing movement preparation of unimanual, bimanual symmetric, and bimanual asymmetric movements. Experimental brain research, 232(3), 947-955. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3807-7

Chen, C. L., Kang, L. J., Hong, W. H., Chen, F. C., Chen, H. C., & Wu, C. Y. (2013). Effect of therapist-based constraint-induced therapy at home on motor control, motor performance and daily function in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(3), 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512455652

Chiu, H.-C., Ada, L., & Lee, H.-M. (2014). Upper limb training using Wii Sports Resort™ for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized, single-blind trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 28(10), 1015-1024. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1177/0269215514533709

Eliasson, A. C., Sundholm, L. K., Shaw, K., & Wang, C. (2005). Effects of constraint‐induced movement therapy in young children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: an adapted model. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(4), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205000502

Ernst, M. O., & Banks, M. S. (2002). Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature, 415(6870), 429-433. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1038/415429a

Fathy, O.A., EL-Talawy, H., & Mohammed, N. E. (6-7April, 2019). Effect of sensorimotor stimulation on manual dexterity and hand grip strength in children with diplegia: A randomized clinical trial. The 20th International Scientific Conference Faculty of Physical Therapy.Cairo, Egypt. https://share.google/RnO868ZfxMtCk7Mys

Frey, G. C., Stanish, H. I., & Temple, V. A. (2008). Physical activity of youth with intellectual disability: review and research agenda. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 25(2), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.25.2.95

Friel, K. M., Kuo, H.-C., Fuller, J., Ferre, C. L., Brandão, M., Carmel, J. B., Bleyenheuft, Y., Gowatsky, J. L., Stanford, A. D., & Rowny, S. B. (2016). Skilled bimanual training drives motor cortex plasticity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 30(9), 834-844. https://doi.org/oi.org/10.1177/1545968315625838

Hoare, B. J., Thorley, M. N., Jackman, M. L., Carey, L. M., & Imms, C. (2019). Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004149.pub3

Hosseini, S. A. , Mohammadian, F. , Hosseini, S. M. S. and Sourtiji, H. (2012). Effectiveness of ICF-based modified constraint induced movement therapy on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(5), -. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.22122/jrrs.v7i5.355 .)In Persian(

Krigger, K. W. (2006). Cerebral palsy: an overview. American family physician, 73(1), 91-100.

Langan, J., Doyle, S. T., Hurvitz, E. A., & Brown, S. H. (2010). Influence of task on interlimb coordination in adults with cerebral palsy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 91(10), 1571-1576. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.015

Mailleux, L., Simon-Martinez, C., Radwan, A., Blommaert, J., Gooijers, J., Wenderoth, N., ... & Feys, H. (2020). White matter characteristics of motor, sensory and interhemispheric tracts underlying impaired upper limb function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Brain Structure and Function, 225, 1495-1509. https://doi.org/doi.org/ 10.1007/s00429-020-02070-1

Mazzone, S., Serafini, A., Iosa, M., Aliberti, M. N., Gobbetti, T., Paolucci, S., & Morelli, D. (2011). Functional taping applied to upper limb of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Neuropediatrics, 42(06), 249-253.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1295478

Morris, J. H., van Wijck, F., Joice, S., Ogston, S. A., Cole, I., & MacWalter, R. S. (2008). A comparison of bilateral and unilateral upper-limb task training in early poststroke rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 89(7), 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.039

Nakhostin Ansari, N., Naghdi, S., Forogh, B., Hasson, S., Atashband, M., & Lashgari, E. (2012). Development of the Persian version of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale: translation, adaptation, and examination of interrater and intrarater reliability in patients with poststroke elbow flexor spasticity. Disability and rehabilitation, 34(21), 1843-1847. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.665133(In persion)

Nik Ardakan, MJ., Olyaeiو GR., Abdolvahab, M., Bagheri, H., Jalili, M., Faghih Zadeh, S. )2010(.The effects and maintenance of constraint-induced therapy on spasticity and function of upper extremity in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children 6 to 12 years old. Modern rehabilitation journal, 4 (3 &4), 41-47.)In Persian(

Novak, I. (2014). Evidence-based diagnosis, health care, and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy. Journal of child neurology, 29(8), 1141-1156. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1177/0883073814535503

Organization, W. H. (2003). Health and development through physical activity and sport.

Palomo-Carrión, R., Zuil-Escobar, J. C., Cabrera-Guerra, M., Barreda-Martínez, P., & Martínez-Cepa, C. B. (2021). Mirror Therapy and Action Observation Therapy to Increase the Affected Upper Limb Functionality in Children with Hemiplegia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1051. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2013.871059

Paneth, N., Hong, T., & Korzeniewski, S. (2006). The descriptive epidemiology of cerebral palsy. Clinics in perinatology, 33(2), 251-267.

Pfeifer, L. I., Santos, T. R., Silva, D. B. R., Panúncio Pinto, M. P., Caldas, C. A., & Santos, J. L. F. (2014). Hand function in the play behavior of children with cerebral palsy. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 21(4), 241-250. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2013.871059

Rafiee, S., Taghizade, G., Edrisi, M., & Ashrafi, M. (2011). Test-retest reliability of the Purdue Pegboard test for chidren with Down syndrome. Koomesh, 13(1), 35-42. )In Persian)

Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., Dan, B., & Jacobsson, B. (2007). A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl, 109(suppl 109), 8-14.

Sbaour Eghbali Mostafakhan, H. , Rassafiani, M. , Hosseini, S. A. , Akbarfahimi, N. and Karimloo, M. (2013). The effect of combination of constraint induced movement therapy with bimanual intensive therapy on upper limb function of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 8(8), 1312-1318. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.22122/jrrs.v8i8.546 (In Persian)

Stanley, F. J., Blair, E., & Alberman, E. (2000). Cerebral palsies: epidemiology and causal pathways. Cambridge University Press.

Stewart, K. C., Cauraugh, J. H., & Summers, J. J. (2006). Bilateral movement training and stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the neurological sciences, 244(1-2), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2006.01.005

Stinear, J. W., & Byblow, W. D. (2004). Rhythmic bilateral movement training modulates corticomotor excitability and enhances upper limb motricity poststroke: a pilot study. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 21(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1097/00004691-200403000-00008

Tiffin, J., & Asher, E. J. (1948). The Purdue Pegboard: norms and studies of reliability and validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061266

Van Delden, A. E., Peper, C., Beek, P. J., & Kwakkel, G. (2012). Unilateral versus bilateral upper limb exercise therapy after stroke: a systematic review. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 44(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0928

Verschuren, O., Peterson, M. D., Balemans, A. C., & Hurvitz, E. A. (2016). Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 58(8), 798-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13053

Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning

Volume 17, Issue 4
December 2025
Pages 25-38

Files

History

Receive Date: 09 October 2024
Revise Date: 01 December 2024
Accept Date: 02 December 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics

Article View: 602
PDF Download: 125