Farnaz Torabi; Mahmood Sheikh; Alimohammad Safaniya
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) ...
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The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) were divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n = 12) and control (n = 12) randomly. Training protocol in the acquisition stage included basketball dribbling of Harrison test for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 30 seconds per session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of dribbling test was record per session, then posttest was carried out and finally after two weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition and transfer test like the real condition of competitions (with the presence of music and audience) was performed 24 hours later. Rest heart rate index was used to maintain the subjects in the same level of arousal. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used. Results showed that all groups improved their skill learning in the acquisition stage. Also, there was a significant difference in basketball dribbling scores among the groups in the acquisition stage (p=0.0001) and this difference was higher in the control group (i.e. audience and music groups had weaker performance in the posttest of acquisition stage). But in retention and transfer tests, music and audience groups were at an advantage; audience group achieved the highest scores in retention test and music and audience groups gained higher significant scores than control group in transfer test (p=0.0001).
Amir Vazinitaher; Mehdi Shahbazi; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 103-128
Abstract
Talent identification is a process through which those with the highest chance to succeed in the future will be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the application of a multivariate approach in talent identification of adolescent soccer players. The research population consisted ...
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Talent identification is a process through which those with the highest chance to succeed in the future will be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the application of a multivariate approach in talent identification of adolescent soccer players. The research population consisted of all soccer players in Tehran province aged between 12 and 16 years old. A battery of tests was applied to measure the psychological, technical, physiological and anthropometric factors in adolescent soccer players in two levels of elite (N=26) and sub-elite (N=35). Participants were divided into four age groups: U16, U15, U14, and U13. The OMSAT – 3 was used to evaluate the mental skills. Furthermore, technical skills were measured by six soccer skills tests of Football Association of England. Physiological measurements consisted of vertical jump, sit up, 10m sprint, 40m sprint and 280m shuttle run. Anthropometric characteristics were height, weight, body mass index, length of lower and upper leg, skin folds in four regions and body fat percentage. Statistical method to analyze the findings was MANOVA. The results showed that among four groups of factors, the physiological measures were statistically more capable of distinguishing the levels. The results of the present study showed a significant difference between elite and sub-elite soccer players in physiological, technical and psychological characteristics, but there was no significant difference in anthropometric attributes. There was a significant difference between elite and sub-elite soccer players in sit up, shuttle run, 10m sprint, 40m sprint, running with ball, turning, speed, dribbling, shooting, goal setting, relaxation, coping with stress, activation, focus, refocus and competition plan (P
Morteza Taheri; Mahmoud Sheikh; Naser Naghdi; Elahe Arabameri; Nabiallah Namvar
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of physical exercise and addiction of female rats on male offspring's physical growth indexes. The research method was experimental. Statistical population consisted of female rats (albino – wistar) obtained from Pasteur Institute, Iran. The ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of physical exercise and addiction of female rats on male offspring's physical growth indexes. The research method was experimental. Statistical population consisted of female rats (albino – wistar) obtained from Pasteur Institute, Iran. The data were gathered from 116 male offspring (including 4 groups: addicted mother– sporting mother – addictive sporting mother and intact group) and 80 mothers (to estimate the length of pregnancy). The drug used in this study was manufactured by Daroopakhsh factory. The findings from physical growth indexes (height, weight, head circumference and gestational days) suggested that addiction (before pregnancy) played an effective role in physical growth indexes within the first 5 days which can be due to the increased pregnancy period (P
Mahmoud Sheikh; Mehdi Shahbazi; Ashraf Amini; Reza Gholamalizadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, , Pages 45-56
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the situation of talent identification process and to collect Karate related indexes in Iran. For this purpose, 63 karate subjects, male (N=31) and female (N=32), participated and filled in 3 special questionnaires to identify present and optimal situation ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the situation of talent identification process and to collect Karate related indexes in Iran. For this purpose, 63 karate subjects, male (N=31) and female (N=32), participated and filled in 3 special questionnaires to identify present and optimal situation of talent identification and most important aspects of biometric, motor capabilities, psychological capacity and skill indexes. The data were analyzed by Pearson coefficient correlation (P?0.05). The results showed that although the reaction time of hand and foot, flexibility, coordination, hand and foot length, agility and sergeant jump were the most important anthropometrical factors related to successful performance, but the reaction time of hand and foot, flexibility and coordination were significant predicators of discriminating athletes. In motor capabilities, the endurance of cardiovascular system played the main role and was an important predictor. In psychological capacity, two factors of concentration and self-confidence had a critical role and only concentration was a significant predictor. The results of this study showed no pattern for talent identification in Iran from coaches and athletes’ viewpoints.
Gholamhosein Nazemzadegan; Fazlollah Bagherzadeh; Rasoul Hemayattalab; Alireza Farsi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, , Pages 133-149
Abstract
In this study, the effect of cognitive load (CL) training on duration and accuracy of bimanual coordination (BC) task was investigated. For this purpose, athletic male students of Shiraz University were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1 with low CL, G2 with intermediate CL, G3 with high CL and G4 control. ...
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In this study, the effect of cognitive load (CL) training on duration and accuracy of bimanual coordination (BC) task was investigated. For this purpose, athletic male students of Shiraz University were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1 with low CL, G2 with intermediate CL, G3 with high CL and G4 control. The subjects practiced for 6 weeks, 3 sessions a week, 6 blocks, 12 trials. The subjects performed bimanual coordination task by Vienna test system (v=71%-84% and r=85%-96%). Independent T test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results showed that high CL affected the accuracy of bimanual coordination task. No significant difference was observed between CL groups and control group in overall duration (?=0.05). It can be concluded that if there is high CL in activities which require much attention, attention capacity may change and in skills that need attention, the task can be improved after information processing as a result of capacity change.
Zahra Salman; Mahmud Sheikh; Maryam Seyf; Elahe Arabameri; Mehdi Aghapour
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 47-63
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of perceptual motor training on improving the motor abilities of children with developmental coordination disorder. A total of 194 male and female elementary school students (aged between 6 and 11) were selected from three regions of Tehran and ...
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of perceptual motor training on improving the motor abilities of children with developmental coordination disorder. A total of 194 male and female elementary school students (aged between 6 and 11) were selected from three regions of Tehran and participated voluntarily in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The subjects performed a pretest prior to participating in the training program. The training program included two months of adjusted perceptual motor activities for 24 sessions. Following the training program, both the experimental and control groups took part in the posttest. The test included manual dexterity, dynamic and static balance, and ball handling skills. The data were analyzed by PC: SPSS-13. The results showed that children with perceptual motor training significantly improved their development coordination disorder or dyspraxia.
Saeed Arsham; Farzam Farahman; Fazlolah Bagheradeh; Elahe Arab ameri; Anoushirvan Kazemnejad
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 103-126
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to introduce the methods to extract and to interpret cinematic data in order to explain movement pattern changes via joint coupling and freezing/freeing phenomena in a healthy right-dominant college male (age:26, height: 172 cm, weight: 80 kg) who practiced balance maintenance ...
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The aim of the present study was to introduce the methods to extract and to interpret cinematic data in order to explain movement pattern changes via joint coupling and freezing/freeing phenomena in a healthy right-dominant college male (age:26, height: 172 cm, weight: 80 kg) who practiced balance maintenance on a stabilometer. Data were gathered using a three-dimensional registration system which consisted of three cameras and a computer program (Sharif Motion Analyzer-SMA) in MATLAB software and measured the position of 19 passive markers located on subject's limbs and stabilometer. Before each trial, the system was calibrated by a metal frame of known dimensions to transform the two-dimensional camera detector values to real three-dimensional coordinates. Then, the following variables were calculated for the first, fifth and ninth trail from a 3(session) × 3(trail) course of practice: 1) stabilometer variability as a performance index; 2) absolute and relative variability of joint angles to evaluate possible freezing-freeing process; 3) cross-correlations between the angular time series in order to evaluate the presence of joint coupling. Finally, the interpretation method to extract variables was presented and some limits of such studies regarding the variability in degrees of freedom were provided.
Mahmood Sheikh; Reza Gholamalizadeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 147-160
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study and to analyze the necessity of physical education instruction and sport sciences orientation at universities. For this purpose, a 30-point questionnaire at Likert scale was designed and distributed among 80 subjects (20 subjects at doctorate and scientific boards, ...
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The purpose of this research was to study and to analyze the necessity of physical education instruction and sport sciences orientation at universities. For this purpose, a 30-point questionnaire at Likert scale was designed and distributed among 80 subjects (20 subjects at doctorate and scientific boards, 20 graduates, 20 students and 20 distinguished coaches of sports federations as the statistical sample of research). Obtained results were studied and analyzed. The results showed an agreement on orientation of physical education and sport sciences at all educational levels. 88% of subjects believed that the current status of physical education and sport sciences was inappropriate. 83% agreed on the orientation of this field. 92% agreed on the orientation of physical education and sport sciences at bachelor’s degree level and more than 80% at master’s degree level. About 80% of subjects believed that new orientations such as sport nutrition, science of training and design of training, physical education of the disabled and rehabilitation and reform sport and movement-therapy. They also suggested that aforesaid fields should be included at educational complementary programs of physical education and sport sciences.
Mehdi Shahbazi; Mahmud Sheikh; Naser Naghdi; A Farokhi; Anoushirvan Kazem nejad; Shazad Tahmasbi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 5-25
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two kinds of diet (zinc deficiency and iron deficiency) on some anthropometrical indexes (body weight and crown-rump length), brain growth and motor function in young rats. Adult male and female albino wistar rats were obtained from the breeding ...
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two kinds of diet (zinc deficiency and iron deficiency) on some anthropometrical indexes (body weight and crown-rump length), brain growth and motor function in young rats. Adult male and female albino wistar rats were obtained from the breeding colony of Pasteur Institute, Iran. The female albino rats were mated with normal male rats. After delivery, 40 male rats per group were selected. In order to measure physical and brain growth a special caliper (0.01 mm) and electronic balances (0.0001 g) were used. The instruments for motor function evaluation were Morris Water Maze and Open Field Arena. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc analyses were carried out by Tukey’s test (P?0.05). There were significant effects of iron and zinc deficiency on serum iron and zinc level. The results showed that serum iron and zinc concentration after the diet (contrary to the condition before diet) in ZnD and FeD groups were significant. There was a significant difference in some anthropometrical indexes (body weight, crown-rump length) and motor function between ZnD, FeD and control groups but there was no significant difference in brain weight between ZnD, FeD and control groups. The results of this study suggest that sufficient zinc and iron affect motor function as well as physical and brain growth.
Mohammad Khorand; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh; Hasan Ashayeri; Mohamad Kazem Vaez Mousavi; Elahe Arabameri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 43-59
Abstract
The relationship between relaxation and rhythmic exercises with regard to functional neuroplasticity mechanism is a subject that has been studied in recent researches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rhythmic exercises on the depth of relaxation in national judo athletes. 30 ...
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The relationship between relaxation and rhythmic exercises with regard to functional neuroplasticity mechanism is a subject that has been studied in recent researches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rhythmic exercises on the depth of relaxation in national judo athletes. 30 male athletes of national judo team were randomly selected and divided into three groups: control, experimental 1 (relaxation) and experimental 2 (relaxation and rhythmic), 10 subjects each group. Data were obtained from a three-month period (two 6- weeks, the first 6-weeks relaxation for experimental 1 and 2 groups, the second 6-weeks relaxation and rhythmic exercises for experimental 1 and 2 groups and no exercise for control group) by EMG index. ANOVA and repeated measures tests were used to analyze the data. Findings showed a significant difference in the relaxation skill among groups. On the other hand, exercise periods increased relaxation and rhythmic exercises reinforced relaxation depth. Findings indicated that rhythmic exercises could improve relaxation and its depth.
Farnaz Torabi; Mahmud Sheikh; Elahe Arabameri; Rasoul Hemattalab; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2009, , Pages 65-82
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n=12) and control (n=12). Protocol of acquisition phase included basketball free throw for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 15 trails each session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of free throw test was recorded per session. Then, posttest was carried out and finally after 2 weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition for all groups. Transfer test in a new condition (different from training condition) was performed 24 hours later. Heart rate index was used to asses the level of arousal of subjects at rest and during training. To analyze data, one-way ANOVA test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results showed that all groups improved in the acquisition phase and there was no significant difference in free throw scores among the three groups in the acquisition test (P=0.145). But in the retention test, music group achieved highest scores and in transfer test, music and audience groups were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.000).
