Ahmad Ghotbi-Varzaneh; Mehdi Zarghami; Esmaiel Saemi; Farzad Maleki
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine throwing accuracy and spatial and digit
working memory of field dependent-independent participants. The group embedded
figure test (GEFT) was distributed among 320 male students and based on the
GEFT scores, 45 participants were randomly divided into field dependent, ...
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The present study aimed to examine throwing accuracy and spatial and digit
working memory of field dependent-independent participants. The group embedded
figure test (GEFT) was distributed among 320 male students and based on the
GEFT scores, 45 participants were randomly divided into field dependent, field
independent and control group (15 participants/each group). The study included
two tasks (dart throwing and spatial and digit working memory). In dart throwing
task, participants threw 10 darts in pre-test stage. In acquisition stage, participants
threw 60 darts in 6 blocks of 10 trials. The retention test included a block of 10
trials which was performed 24 hours after the acquisition stage. The spatial and
digit working memory test was performed individually with Cambridge brain
science software. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance with
repeated measures, one-way ANOVA test, Tukey post hoc test and Pearson
correlation coefficient. The results indicated that field independent participants
performed better in both tests of dart throwing and working memory than field
dependent participants. The findings indicated that higher scores of the GEFT task
demonstrated higher visuospatial ability (as a component of working memory) in
field independent participants which may cause a better performance in spatial
and digit working memory and dart throwing task.
Kavos Salehi; Davoud Homanian; Mehdi Zarghami; Ishmael Saemi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , October 2010
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the effect of sequential stimuli technique on acquisition, retention and transfer of ocular motor sequence. First sequential stimuli, time record, response error software was designed. 60 right-handed novices (15-18 years) were divided into five groups (blocked – explicit, ...
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This research aimed to examine the effect of sequential stimuli technique on acquisition, retention and transfer of ocular motor sequence. First sequential stimuli, time record, response error software was designed. 60 right-handed novices (15-18 years) were divided into five groups (blocked – explicit, blocked – implicit, random – explicit, random-implicit and control). All groups performed a pretest and then (except control group) participated in five training sessions and in each session performed three blocks of ten trials with blocked and random methods. In explicit groups, participants were aware of the aim of task but in implicit groups, they were unaware. During the acquisition phase, control group were only in lab environment and the day after the acquisition, participants took part in retention and transfer tests. The data were analyzed using student-t, repeated measures and two-way analysis of variance tests. The finding showed that the subjects significantly improved in accuracy and time of response in the acquisition phase (P>0.05); but there was no significant different among groups. However, implicit learning groups progressed as much as the explicit learning groups; this finding explained the effectiveness of implicit knowledge in motor skills learning. The retention test showed that random practice was better than blocked practice in movement accuracy but the type of practice did not affect the retention of sequential reaction time. In transfer test, all groups showed transfer to the new sequence only in accuracy but not response time. However, findings showed blocked practice led to sensorimotor integration and timing, whereas random practice led to better stimulus-response association. Overall findings of this research supported this idea that learning that occurs in the context of interference can show retention and transfer to another task.
Ahmad Varzaveh; Mehdi Zarghami; Esmaeil Saemi; Hosein Molania
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, , Pages 115-131
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metamotivational states on self-efficacy perceptions and motor performance in dart throwing beginners in easy and difficult conditions. For this purpose, the paratelic dominance questionnaire (Cook & Gerkovich, 1993) was distributed among 140 ...
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The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metamotivational states on self-efficacy perceptions and motor performance in dart throwing beginners in easy and difficult conditions. For this purpose, the paratelic dominance questionnaire (Cook & Gerkovich, 1993) was distributed among 140 male students, and 32 participants were randomly divided into two groups (16 in a telic group and 16 in a paratelic group). Each task consisted of three blocks of eight trials, and each trail consisted of 4 throws. Participants completed the Self-Efficacy Scale (Feltz & Chase, 1998) in their pretest and after trials 8, 16, 24. Data were analyzed with repeated measure, ANCOVA test and LSD post hoc test. The results showed a significant difference between paratelic and telic participants in self-efficacy perception (difficult task), and no significant difference in motor performance. Overall, the study only partially confirmed the reversal theory.
