Souri Heidari; Abdolrahman Khezry; Mahmoud Sheikh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the transfer of proactive learning between front and back crawl swimming skills in female beginners. 60 students who had registered in elementary swimming course were selected and assigned to four groups (two experimental and two control groups). Experimental groups ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to compare the transfer of proactive learning between front and back crawl swimming skills in female beginners. 60 students who had registered in elementary swimming course were selected and assigned to four groups (two experimental and two control groups). Experimental groups learned a primary task (front or back crawl swimming) for 10 sessions and then learned the secondary task (front or back crawl swimming; contrary to the primary task). The participants of control groups participates only in secondary task. The results showed that amount of proactive transfer from front crawl to back crawl was 3.06% which was not statistically significant (P=0.977) while the amount of transfer from back crawl to front crawl was 13.45% which was statistically significant (P=0.013). On the other hand, to compare the amount of transfer of these two types of swimming, the results of U Mann Whitney test showed that the amount of proactive transfer of back crawl to front crawl was significantly higher than the amount of transfer of front crawl to back crawl (P=0.001). Therefore, these results support the sequence of back-front crawl swimming instruction in beginners.
Davood Homanian; Abdolrahman Khezri
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of Paaryaad training program on the development of motor skills of children aged between 6 and 8 who suffered from high function autism (HFA). For this purpose, 30 girls with HFA (mean age 7.1 ± 0.6 yr) were randomly selected from ...
Read More
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of Paaryaad training program on the development of motor skills of children aged between 6 and 8 who suffered from high function autism (HFA). For this purpose, 30 girls with HFA (mean age 7.1 ± 0.6 yr) were randomly selected from special schools of Sanandaj city. Then, according to the pretest scores, were assigned to control and experimental groups. Pretest and posttest scores were measured by Bruininks-Oseretsky test. Motor intervention program included 16 sessions of Paaryaad training. The K-S test was used to determine data distribution and Levin and ANCOVA tests were used to compare means. The results showed that Paaryaad training program affected significantly the development of the subscales of running speed and agility, balance, bilateral coordination and strength (P<0.05). But, the effect of this training program on the subscales of response speed, visual- motor control and upper limb speed and dexterity was not significant (P>0.05). According to these results, it could be argued that this training program may improve the fundamental skills of children with HFA.
Abdalrahman Khezry; Elahe Arab Ameri; Rasoul Hammayattalab
Abstract
Aging is a crucial period in human life and it is a social necessity to pay attention to the issues and needs of this stage of life. The aim of the current study was to study the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on reaction time and response time of the active and inactive elderly. The research method ...
Read More
Aging is a crucial period in human life and it is a social necessity to pay attention to the issues and needs of this stage of life. The aim of the current study was to study the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on reaction time and response time of the active and inactive elderly. The research method was causal-comparative and its statistical population consisted of the elderly from Mahabad city and 60 subjects were voluntarily selected and assigned to two active and inactive groups. After determining the levels of BMI, subjects of each group were divided into three levels of low, medium and high BMI and their reaction time and response time were measured. The results of t test showed that the reaction time (P=0.000) and response time (P=0.000) of the active group were significantly shorter than the inactive group. On the other hand, the results of one-way ANOVA test (to compare the reaction time between active (P=0.623) and inactive (P=0.115) elderly at different levels of BMI) showed no significant difference. For the response time, the results of one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference among active elderly (P=0.576), but there was a statistically significant difference among the inactive elderly (P=0.000). Tukey post hoc test showed that in the inactive group, those subjects with low BMI had significantly shorter response time than the subjects with medium (P=0.001) and high (P=0.000) levels of BMI. The difference between the subjects with medium and high BMI levels (P=0.669) was not significant. The results of this study showed that those individuals with low level of BMI had shorter response time than those with higher level of BMI. Overall, BMI is an effective factor for theelderly's response time and the elderly should desirably maintain their BMI by sufficient physical activity.
