Rifat Al-Hajjaj; Mehdi Sohrabi; Aireza Saberi Kakhki; Seyed Reza Attarzade Hosseini
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Iraqi version of the Gross Motor Development Test - Third Edition TGMD-3 in Iraqi children aged 5 to 9 years. The second aim of this study was to compare the development of gross motor skills of Iranian and Iraqi children. The ...
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The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Iraqi version of the Gross Motor Development Test - Third Edition TGMD-3 in Iraqi children aged 5 to 9 years. The second aim of this study was to compare the development of gross motor skills of Iranian and Iraqi children. The participants were selected from 400 people by cluster sampling method from Iraq and were evaluated using TGMD-3 test. Finally, 30 Iraqis in the age group of 8-9 years were randomly selected and compared with a similar group of 30 Iranian children. Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis and t-test were used to analyze the data. Internal consistency reliability coefficients for locomotor, ball skills and total scores were 0.77, 0.85 and 0.87; test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.89, 0.90 and 0.91; inter-rater reliability coefficients were 0.77, 0.85 and 0.88; intera-rater coefficients were 0.66, 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Also, there was no significant difference between the performance of Iranian and Iraqi children in the subtests of locomotor and ball skills and the total score of gross motor skills (P <0.05). Due to the confirmation of validity and reliability, this test can be used with confidence to evaluate the development of gross motor skills. The results obtained are limited to the Iraqi boy community of 5 to 9 years, and additional studies are needed in the future for use in the girl community and other age groups.
Valiollah Kashani; Fateme Dehestani
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire in male and female athletes. For this purpose, 281 athletes at different skill levels in 25 team and individual sports were selected through cluster random sampling method ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire in male and female athletes. For this purpose, 281 athletes at different skill levels in 25 team and individual sports were selected through cluster random sampling method and were asked to complete the Persian version of this questionnaire. Firstly, the accuracy of the translation was verified using back translation method. In addition, to determine questionnaire’s construct validity, SEM-based confirmatory factor analysis was used. Cronbach alpha coefficient was applied to examine internal consistency and test-retest intra-class correlation coefficient was used to investigate temporal reliability. The fitness indexes indicated proper fit of factor structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the Cronbach alpha coefficients for task conflict, social conflict and the whole questionnaire were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.90 respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient for all factors and the whole questionnaire were acceptable (ɑ≥0.70). The findings, therefore, supported the two-factor 14-item structure of the questionnaire. Thus, the Persian version of the Group Conflict Questionnaire enjoyed an acceptable validity and reliability among Iranian athletes.
