Bahman Aalizadeh; Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini; Bahman Daranloue
Abstract
Aim: The use of psychological interventions in sport to enhance performance has become increasingly popular. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has been questioned by some sports psychologists. Educationally-based psychological interventions have produced significant increases in performance. ...
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Aim: The use of psychological interventions in sport to enhance performance has become increasingly popular. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has been questioned by some sports psychologists. Educationally-based psychological interventions have produced significant increases in performance. It was found that 38 of the 45 studies examined (85%) had found positive performance effects, although causality could only be inferred in 20 of these studies. These interventions could be classified as relaxation-based, cognitive, cognitive-behavioural or behavioural in nature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical practice, mental imagery and music on the improvement of basketball shooting skill.Methodology: In this quasi-experiment study, 45 students (19-22 years) were randomly selected from elementary schools and classified in the three experimental groups consisting 15 participants. Physical practice, mental imagery and imagery along with music were the order of three experimental groups. The data was collected using modified basketball shooting in this study.Results: Statistical analysis was conducted with the descriptive statistics tests consisting kolmogro-smirnow, T test and one way-anova. The result of present study indicated significant differences (p< 0.05) between pre and posttest of physical practice, physical practice with mental imagery and physical practice with mental imagery and music.Conclusion: Based on inter group comparison, it can be said that mixed method was more efficient than other two methods and significant difference was not reported between physical practice with mental imagery and physical practice. Thus, it is suggested that different teaching methods should be used for promoting training programs.
Maryam Nazari; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Shila Safavi Homami
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different combinations of music and rhythmic movements on behavioral problems of children with mild mental retardation. A total of 40 children with mild mental retardation were randomly divided into 4 variations of practice including: ...
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different combinations of music and rhythmic movements on behavioral problems of children with mild mental retardation. A total of 40 children with mild mental retardation were randomly divided into 4 variations of practice including: rhythmic movement with major scale music, rhythmic movement with minor scale music, rhythmic movement with no music, and no rhythmic movement-no music (control group). Rutter inventory (Parent version) was used to evaluate behavioral problems. Pretest was taken before the intervention and post-test was taken after 12 weeks of practice (36 sessions). For data analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Tuki follow up tests were used. Results showed that behavioral problems of rhythmic movement with major scale music group were significantly decreased. It was also shown that the rhythmic movement with minor scale music and rhythmic movement with no music showed no significant decrease on behavioral problems of mentally retarded children. No considerable change was found in behavioral problems of the participants of the control group.
Fatemeh Gharaei; Elahe Arabameri; Davood Huminiyan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor and music enrichment of environment on the development of fine and gross motor movements in infants. 32 healthy infants (5 to 8 months old) participated in this study and were divided homogenously into four groups (each group 8 subjects): ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor and music enrichment of environment on the development of fine and gross motor movements in infants. 32 healthy infants (5 to 8 months old) participated in this study and were divided homogenously into four groups (each group 8 subjects): three experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups had 36 training sessions, 60 minutes per session in their specific enriched environments. Infants in group A were assigned to a perceptual-motor and music enriched environment, infants in group B to a perceptual-motor enriched environment and infants in group C to a music enriched environment. Peabody motor development scale (second edition) was used to evaluate fine and gross motor skills. Data were analyzed using the variables of age equivalent of this scale. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed a significant difference in mean age equivalent scores in gross motor movements (P=0.001) and in fine motor movements (P=0.001) between experimental and control groups. These findings showed that perceptual-motor and music experience had a positive effect on motor development generally and on age equivalents of fine and grossmotor movements specifically. In other words, environmental condition and experience were positive factors in fundamental and basic motor skill development in infants who participated in the three experimental groups.
Farnaz Torabi; Mahmood Sheikh; Alimohammad Safaniya
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) ...
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The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) were divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n = 12) and control (n = 12) randomly. Training protocol in the acquisition stage included basketball dribbling of Harrison test for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 30 seconds per session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of dribbling test was record per session, then posttest was carried out and finally after two weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition and transfer test like the real condition of competitions (with the presence of music and audience) was performed 24 hours later. Rest heart rate index was used to maintain the subjects in the same level of arousal. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used. Results showed that all groups improved their skill learning in the acquisition stage. Also, there was a significant difference in basketball dribbling scores among the groups in the acquisition stage (p=0.0001) and this difference was higher in the control group (i.e. audience and music groups had weaker performance in the posttest of acquisition stage). But in retention and transfer tests, music and audience groups were at an advantage; audience group achieved the highest scores in retention test and music and audience groups gained higher significant scores than control group in transfer test (p=0.0001).
Farnaz Torabi; Mahmud Sheikh; Elahe Arabameri; Rasoul Hemattalab; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2009, , Pages 65-82
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n=12) and control (n=12). Protocol of acquisition phase included basketball free throw for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 15 trails each session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of free throw test was recorded per session. Then, posttest was carried out and finally after 2 weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition for all groups. Transfer test in a new condition (different from training condition) was performed 24 hours later. Heart rate index was used to asses the level of arousal of subjects at rest and during training. To analyze data, one-way ANOVA test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results showed that all groups improved in the acquisition phase and there was no significant difference in free throw scores among the three groups in the acquisition test (P=0.145). But in the retention test, music group achieved highest scores and in transfer test, music and audience groups were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.000).
