Astireh Hasani; Ali Heirani; Ayoob Sabaghi
Abstract
Introduction: Lifestyle changes and the increasing trend of children's developmental disorders, especially in the field of social interactions have made it necessary to conduct research in this field of study. So the present study aimed to investigate the action-specific perception in the different focus ...
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Introduction: Lifestyle changes and the increasing trend of children's developmental disorders, especially in the field of social interactions have made it necessary to conduct research in this field of study. So the present study aimed to investigate the action-specific perception in the different focus of attention conditions in autistic children.Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 45 people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder were identified and randomly divided into three Internal Attention, External Attention, and Control groups (15 people in each group). The participant's task was to throw darts and estimate the target size. After the pre-test, the groups performed the dart-throwing task in 5 blocks of 10 trials. The focus of attention instructions - specific to the experimental groups- were given before each trial, and subjects were asked to estimate the target size before performing the tasks in each block. For this, participants used a circle shape in Microsoft PowerPoint to draw a circle the same size as the darts' target. The next day, retention and transfer tests were performed.Results: The results showed that the Internal Attention group was better than the External Attention and Control groups both in dart-throwing performance in acquisition, retention, and transfer stages and in action-specific perception (P≤0.05).Conclusion: In general, the findings showed that in children with autism spectrum disorder, internal attention leads to better performance and learning than external attention. Therefore coaches and physical education teachers who work with these children should emphasize on benefits of internal focus of attention when designing training sessions.
Raziyeh Shakarami; Ahmad Nikravan; Fatemeh Rezaee
Abstract
The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication ...
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The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication skills have been destroyed. With consider to high costs of treatment for autism, the use of alternative therapies suitable for autistic patients, especially children, and improving their quality of life is one of great importance. The aim of the present research is to determine the impact of course of sensory-motor integration training with help of interested parent to improve balance improvement of children suffering from autism. For this purpose, 24 autism children aged 6-10 years selected to this study and participated to sensory-motor training for 10 weeks. Participants asked to 2 stages of pre-test and post-test for balance skill. They were evaluated based on Laklak and Tandem Gait test. In order to analyze the effects of the research protocol, the analysis of variance with repeated measure and the scheffe post-hoc test was used at the significant level of P≤0.05. The results showed that sensory - motor integrity training significantly improved the static and dynamic balance skill and parent-centered approach have had higher benefits in improving dynamic balance with positive effects through manipulation of psychological features such as sense of belonging and solidarity, motivation and higher assurance.
Niloofar Jafari Gandomani; Rasool Abedanzadeh; Esmaeel Saemi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of active video games on the learning of dart throwing skill in children with autism spectrum disorder. In this semi-experimental study, 30 children with autism spectrum disorder (level 1) in Ahvaz city were purposively selected and randomly assigned ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of active video games on the learning of dart throwing skill in children with autism spectrum disorder. In this semi-experimental study, 30 children with autism spectrum disorder (level 1) in Ahvaz city were purposively selected and randomly assigned to three equal groups (real practice, virtual practice, and control). Firstly, the dart throwing pretest was performed with 10 real trials. Then, the practice groups practiced for 4 sessions during 2 weeks and 30 trials (3 blocks of 10 trials) per session in the acquisition stage. After the last acquisition session, the posttest was performed by 10 trials and retention test was performed after 24 hours. Finally, the transfer test was performed with the counterbalance manner in both environments for all three groups 30 minutes after the retention test. Data were analyzed by mix analysis of variance and post hoc tests at P≤0.05 using SPSS22 software. The results showed a significant difference between the two practice groups in the acquisition stage (P≤0.01) and the virtual group had better performance than the real group. Also, the results indicated that real and virtual groups had better performance than the control group in the retention and transfer tests, and the virtual group had better progress than the real group in the mean scores of dart throwing. In general, the results showed that active video games improved performance and learning of dart throwing in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Samira Jahanbakhsh; Jale Baqerli; Morteza Taheri
Abstract
Autism is one of the major developmental disabilities which make visual imbalance for those who are vulnerable. Research has shown that vision has a key role in all those activities which focus on aiming task. The aim of this study was to investigate the visual focus on improvement of a throwing task ...
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Autism is one of the major developmental disabilities which make visual imbalance for those who are vulnerable. Research has shown that vision has a key role in all those activities which focus on aiming task. The aim of this study was to investigate the visual focus on improvement of a throwing task of autistic children. 24 boys at the age of 10 were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Independent t-test and ANVA were used to analyze the data. The results suggested that there was a significant difference between pretest scores in acquisition (p≤0.05). On the other hand, the in experimental group had a better performance in retention phase. . The results suggested that there was a significant difference between pretest scores in acquisition (p≤0.05). On the other hand, the experimental group had a better performance in retention phase. It was concluded that visual affects the throwing task.
Zahra Mollakarimi; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Sayyed Mohammad Marandi; Fatemeh Bahrami
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Swiss ball training on the improvement of sensorimotor function in three boys with autism. In the present study, a single-subject method was used. Three autistic participants were required to exercise with Swiss ball for 9 weeks. ...
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The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Swiss ball training on the improvement of sensorimotor function in three boys with autism. In the present study, a single-subject method was used. Three autistic participants were required to exercise with Swiss ball for 9 weeks. Changes in the scores of the sensorimotor function subtest were measured by NEPSY neuropsychological test during the intervention and two weeks after the intervention in one-week intervals. The subjects took the test again after two months. The results showed that the intervention considerably improved sensorimotor function of the three participants (PND=100% for the first participant and 77.78% for the second and the third participants). This reduction was found to be maintained two weeks after the intervention. These findings showed that Swiss ball training considerably improved sensorimotor function in boys with autism.
Fatima Bahrami; Ahmadreza Movahedi; Mohammad Marandi; Ahmad Abedi
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of two karate
techniques on the reduction in stereotypic behaviours in three 5-year-old boys with
autistic disorders. The study included three boys with autistic disorders. A singlesubject
method with A-B-A design was used. Participants ...
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The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of two karate
techniques on the reduction in stereotypic behaviours in three 5-year-old boys with
autistic disorders. The study included three boys with autistic disorders. A singlesubject
method with A-B-A design was used. Participants of the present study were
required to exercise two karate techniques (Zuki and Mae-Geri) for 12 weeks.
Changes in the severity of stereotypic behaviours were assessed by Gilliam Autism
Rating Scale (second edition) during intervention process and during one month
after intervention with one-week intervals. Results showed that with respect to
descriptive statistics and visual analytics, the karate techniques had an effect on all
three participants (PND=100% for first and third participants, PND=50% for the
second participant) and this reduction was maintained one month after the end of
the intervention. The findings of the present study indicated that teaching karate
techniques to autistic children dramatically decreased their stereotypic behaviours.
