Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
Scientific Journal

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire (PPTSQ)

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

Saeid Ahar 1
Hossein Samadi 1
Sakineh Jafari 2

1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

2 Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2024.374162.1769
Abstract
Introduction: Objective criteria for performance measurements are widely used in motor learning, development, and sports psychology, despite their inherent limitations. Due to the limitation in performance evaluation tools in team sports, the present research aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire (PPTSQ).
Methods: The current research was a survey study. The statistical sample consisted of 100 professional athletes (52 women and 48 men) in team sports aged 18 to 32 who participated in the present research through available and purposive sampling. First, the accuracy of the translation of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed using the back-translation method. Then, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine the structural validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency. Statistical analysis was performed using Lisrel software version 8.8.
Results: The results showed that the first-order model is suitable concerning statistical indices (RMSEA=0.079), which confirmed the construct validity of this questionnaire in Persian. The second-order model also confirmed the validity of the constituent components of this questionnaire (RMSEA=0.073). Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.92) and test-retest internal correlation (α=0.92) confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian version of the perceived performance in team sports questionnaire has good and acceptable construct validity and internal reliability, and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool. 

Keywords

Team sports
perceived performance
Athletes
validity
reliability
Psychometric Properties
Almagro, B.J., Sáenz-López, P., Fierro-Suero, S. and Conde, C., (2020). Perceived performance, intrinsic motivation and adherence in athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), p.9441. https:/doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph17249441
Adam, M.E., Ferguson, L.J., Mosewich, A.D. and Kowalski, K.C., 2023. The Sport Performance Perceptions Scale (SPPS) Manual.
Bar-Hillel, M. (1980). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. Acta Psychologica, 44(3), 211-233. Doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(80)90046-3
Biglari, N., Asl Parsa, M., & Hosseini Nia, S. R. (2017). Investigating the Casual Relationships of Motivational Climate with Competitive Anxiety and Perceived Sport Performance among Futsal Player Female Students. Sport Psychology Studies, 6(22), 71-86. https:/doi.org/10.22089/spsyj.2017.3499.1362 (In Persian)
Boughattas, W., & Krıdıs, N. (2017). Exploring the relationship between cohesion and collective efficacy in Tunisian sports teams: Validation of the Tunisian version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Collective Sports. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 5(1), 46-59.
Brawley, L. R., Carron, A. V., and Widmeyer, W. N. (1992). The nature of group goals in sport teams: a phenomenological analysis. Sport Psychol. 6, 323–333. https:/doi.org/ 10.1123/tsp.6. 4.323
Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise psychology, 7(3), 244-266.
Charbonneau, D., Barling, J., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Transformational leadership and sports performance: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 31(7), 1521-1534.
Cunningham, I., & Sullivan, P. (2020). Testing the factor validity of the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS) in non-invasion sports officials. International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research, 4(1), 12-15.
Doorley, J. D., Kashdan, T. B., Weppner, C. H., & Glass, C. R. (2022). The effects of selfcompassion on daily emotion regulation and performance rebound among college athletes: Comparisons with confidence, grit, and hope. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 58, Article 102081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102081
Eccles, D. W., and Tenenbaum, G. (2007). “A social-cognitive perspective on team functioning in sport,” in Handbook of Sport Psychology 3rd ed. Eds G. Tenenbaum & R. Eklund (New York: Wiley), 264–283. https:/doi.org/ 10.1002/ 9781118270011.ch12
Farahani, A., Torabi, F., & Aghaei, G. (2013). Perceived motivational climate's relationship with competitive anxiety and self-determination among Iranian pro league handball players. International Journal of Sport Studies, 3(8), 822-827.
Feltz, D. L., Chow, G. M., & Hepler, T. J. (2008). Path analysis of self-efficacy and diving performance revisited. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 401-411.
Filho, E. S. M., Dobersek, U., Gershgoren, L., Becker, B., and Tenenbaum, G. (2014). The cohesion-performance relationship in sport: A 10-year retrospective meta analysis. Sport Sci. Health 10, 165–177. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11332-014-0188-7.
Gabrys, K., & Wontorczyk, A. (2023). Sport anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, stress and coping as predictors of athlete’s sensitivity to the behavior of supporters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(12), 6084.‏
 
Gershgoren, L., Tenenbaum, G., Gershgoren, A., and Eklund, R. C. (2011). The effect of parental feedback on young athletes’ perceived motivational climate, goal involvement, goal orientation, and performance. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 12, 481–489. https:/doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.05.003
Gershgoren, L., Blatt, A., Sela, T., & Tenenbaum, G. (2021). Does the league table lie? The development and validation of the perceived performance in team sports questionnaire (PPTSQ). Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 615018. https:/doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.615018
Habeeb, C. M., Eklund, R. C., & Coffee, P. (2019). Reciprocal relationships between efficacy and performance in athlete dyads: Self-, other-, and collective constructs. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41(3), 147-158. https:/doi.org/ 10.1123/jsep.2018-0248
khosravi,A,Saboonci,R,foroughipoor,H (2019). Presenting a Communicative Model with an Emphasis on Team Cohesion and Conflict Type for the Effectiveness of the Premier League Soccer teams for the Asia Champions League 2019. Future study Management.118, 255-267.
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.Mohammadi,M; Bahrololoum, H; Hosseini Nia, SR; (2016). Relationship of Social Responsibility and Ethical Climate with Perceived Sport Performance (A case study: Volleyball Players of North Khorasan); Human Resource Management in Sports, 3(2), 165-174. https:/doi.org/ 10.22044/shm.2016.834
Lourenço, J., Almagro, B. J., Carmona-Márquez, J., & Sáenz-López, P. (2022). Predicting perceived sport performance via self-determination theory. Perceptual and motor skills, 129(5), 1563-1580.‏
Mathai, S. M., & Konattu, P. J. (2014). The relationship of anxiety and self-efficacy with task orientation among athletes. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 5(1).
Micklewright, D., Papadopoulou, E., Parry, D., Hew-Butler, T., Tam, N., & Noakes, T. (2009). Perceived exertion influences pacing among ultramarathon runners but post-race mood change is associated with performance expectancy. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(4).https:/doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2009/v21i4a290
Mohamadi Torkamani, E., Qanbari, E., Bagheri, Q., and Ghoshuni, M. (2017). The Impact of Motives and Perception of Success on Continuity of Challenging Sports Activity. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies, 19; Pp: 85-102. https:/doi.org/ 10.22089/spsyj.2017.2946.1307 (In Persian)
Mollazadeh, M., Gharayagh Zandi, H., Ghayour, M., & Mogaddam, A. (2023). Effectiveness of Transcranial direct Current Stimulation on Reaction Time and Performance of Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning, 15(1), 31-44. https:/doi.org/ 10.22059/jsmdl.2023.352595.1692
Najafi, F., Heydarinejad, S., & Shetabbushehri, S. N. (2018). The Relationship Between the Leadership Style of Coaches, Group Cohesion and Competitive Anxiety in Women's Futsal Premier League. Sport Management Studies, 10(47), 185-204. https:/doi.org/ 10.22089/smrj.2018.1670.1378. (In Persian)
Palazzolo J. (2020); Anxiety and performance. Encephale; 46(2):158-161. https:/doi.org/ 10.1016/j.encep.2019.07.008.
Peng, F., & Zhang, L. W. (2021). The relationship of competitive cognitive anxiety and motor performance: testing the moderating effects of goal orientations and self-efficacy among Chinese collegiate basketball players. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 685649. https:/doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685649
Rasoulzadeh, H., Hosseinipour, S. J., Yusof, N. A. M., Soltani, M., & Hashemi, S. (2013). Effect of dimensions of corporate social responsibility on organization performance. International Journal of Innovative Ideas, 13(2), 37-47.
Samadi, H., Moradi, J. and Aghababa, A., (2023). Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI). Motor Behavior, 14(50), pp.161-186. https:/doi.org/ 10.22089/mbj.2022.12765.2033 (In Persian)
Shahhosseini M, Nowrouzi H, Golmohammadi B (2019). The Comparison of perception of success, hardiness and emotional regulation among elite athletes with or without loss weight. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 15(30), 397-409. https:/doi.org/10.22080/jsmb.2017.10261.2377)In Persian(
Talebi, N., & Abdollahi, F. (2012). The relationship between leadership behavior, group cohesion and performance women's volleyball teams in the Premier League. Sport Management Studies, (16), 63-78. (in Persian)
Tenenbaum, G., Basevitch, I., Gershgoren, L., & Filho, E. (2013). Emotions–decision-making in sport: theoretical conceptualization and experimental evidence. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(2), 151-168.
Tingaz, E. O., Solmaz, S., Ekiz, M. A., & Atasoy, M. (2023). The relationship between mindfulness and self-rated performance in student-athletes: the mediating role of depression, anxiety and stress. Sport Sciences for Health, 19(2), 657-663. https:/doi.org/ 10.1007/s11332-022-00935-y.
Vveinhardt, J., & Kaspare, M. (2022). The relationship between mindfulness practices and the psychological state and performance of Kyokushin karate athletes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(7), 4001. https:/doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph19074001.
Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
Volume 16, Issue 4
Autumn 2024
Pages 69-86

  • Receive Date 19 March 2024
  • Revise Date 13 May 2024
  • Accept Date 18 May 2024

Home

Publication Ethics

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us