Tayebe Taherpouri; Parvaneh Shafineya; Mahdi Zarghami
Abstract
Various researches know lateral preference of eye and hand pattern as one of the important factors of performing sports skills. This study aimed at investigating the effect of lateral preference of eye and hand pattern on learning basketball free throw skill. From 3000 female students of Shahid ...
Read More
Various researches know lateral preference of eye and hand pattern as one of the important factors of performing sports skills. This study aimed at investigating the effect of lateral preference of eye and hand pattern on learning basketball free throw skill. From 3000 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 60 subjects (age range 19-22 yr) were selected purposively as the sample using a researcher-made questionnaire of individual information and sporting background, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971) and hole card (Durand and Gold, 1910) and were assigned to two control and experimental groups (each group: 15 unilateral subjects and 15 crossed-lateral subjects). Firstly, pretest of basketball free throw was conducted. Then, practice protocol was performed for 8 weeks (24 sessions, 3 sessions a week). During this period, 6 posttests were administered to determine learning stages and one week after the last posttest, the retention test was conducted. The results showed a significant difference between unilateral and crossed-lateral (experimental group) subjects in the cognitive (sig=0.000) and associative (sig=0.000) stages of the acquisition of basketball free throw and the unilateral subjects had a better performance. Whereas there was no significant difference between unilateral and crossed-lateral subjects in the autonomous (sig=0.105) and retention (sig=0.086) stages. Finally, the results showed a difference in performance between experimental and control groups in favor of experimental group. According to these results, it seems that long practice and autonomous skill in unilateral and crossed-lateral subjects matched their performance and eliminated their differences. Therefore, coaches are recommended to identify talented subjects after a lot of practice in order to not generalize the result of performance to learning.
Mohamad Hossein Zamani; Mahdi Zarghami; Sedigheh Heidarinezhad
Abstract
Feedback is one of the most important variables that affects the performance of motor learning and the way of implementing skills and has an important role in motor control and motor skill acquisition. This study aimed at evaluating the acquisition and retention of new skills in children with autism ...
Read More
Feedback is one of the most important variables that affects the performance of motor learning and the way of implementing skills and has an important role in motor control and motor skill acquisition. This study aimed at evaluating the acquisition and retention of new skills in children with autism in augmented feedbacks with various frequencies. Study method was semi-experimental and study design was pretest–posttest. The retention test was carried out with three feedback groups (0%, 50% and 100%). The study population consisted of 6-8-year-old male children with autism in Ahvaz city. 21 subjects were selected through available and purposive sampling method as the sample of the study and were randomly divided into three groups. The subjects' task was to throw a tennis ball over their shoulders towards a target drawn on the ground. In the acquisition phase, subjects threw 60 tennis balls. Group 0% did not receive any feedback, group 50% received feedback in half of their efforts and group 100% received feedback in all their efforts. 24 hours after the acquisition phase, retention test was performed in 10 trials. After checking the data normality and variance equality, data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. The results showed a significant difference in the acquisition and retention stages among the three groups (P=0.001). Group 100% outperformed both in the acquisition and retention phases. It is generally suggested that in the skill learning process, children with autism benefit from augmented feedback with high frequency.
Seyed Kavoos Salehi; Davood Homenian; Mahdi Zarghami; Sadegh Satari Fard
Abstract
Learning motor tasks is one of the fundamental attributes of mankind'sexperiences and is a collection of sensitive, cognitive and motor processes. Manyof complex motor behaviors are performed based on a type of order or sequence.In the present study, the developmental differences in motor sequence learningwere ...
Read More
Learning motor tasks is one of the fundamental attributes of mankind'sexperiences and is a collection of sensitive, cognitive and motor processes. Manyof complex motor behaviors are performed based on a type of order or sequence.In the present study, the developmental differences in motor sequence learningwere examined in three groups of children (age range 7,8,10 yr) and one controlgroup of adults. For this purpose, the professional software of sequential stimuli,time record and response error was designed in C++. 48 right-handed participants(3 groups of 12 children and 1 group of 12 adults) who were healthy in theirnervous system and had no prior experience of the mentioned task participated inthis study. The intervention included 10 stages (8 stages for acquisition and 2stages for retention). Performance was assessed by examining changes in accuracyand response coordination. The data were analyzed with factor analysis ofvariance and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed a developmentalprogression in motor sequence learning in all groups. Interestingly, differentdevelopmental trajectories were observed in response accuracy and coordination.There was a significant difference in response accuracy between 7,8-year-oldgroups and adults and 10-year-old groups in the acquisition phase but nosignificant difference was observed between adults and 10-year-old-group. Forresponse coordination, adults responded to the stimuli more synchronously than allchildren and 10-year-old group responded more quickly than 6-year-old group. Inthe retention test, for response accuracy, 10-year-old group's performance wassimilar to adults and for response coordination, adults performed more
synchronously than all groups but 7-year-old group had a delay in responsecoordination compared to the other groups. Overall, the differences observed inresponse accuracy and coordination was consistent with the hypothesis thataccuracy may rely on cortical pathways that show their greatest maturationbetween ages of 7 and 10 whereas coordination may rely on subcortical pathwaysthat continue to develop into young adulthood. The findings suggested that in onehand, various aspects of motor development influence motor learning and on theother hand during the learning of different components of a task, parameters thatare more difficult with regard to motor control ( for example responsecoordination) are acquired and maintained in a longer process.
Hajar Jahadian Sarvestani; Parvaneh Shafienia; Mahdi Zarghami
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to compare motor development in 3–6-year-old children from Ahvaz with Denver developmental screening test II. Themethodology of this research was descriptive – survey. The statistical populationconsisted of children from Ahvaz and 1044 children aged between ...
Read More
The aim of the current research was to compare motor development in 3–6-year-old children from Ahvaz with Denver developmental screening test II. Themethodology of this research was descriptive – survey. The statistical populationconsisted of children from Ahvaz and 1044 children aged between 3 and 6 wereselected from Ahvaz kindergartens by cluster random sampling method. Denverdevelopmental screening test II was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics wereused to compute frequencies and percentile rank to set percentile points. Thefinding showed that children from Ahvaz had a delay in all percentile points (25%,50%, 70% and 90%) in gross movements with regard to Denver test. Also, they hada delay in all percentile points (25%, 50%, 75% and 90%) in fine movements withregard to Denver test.
