Motor Development and Learning
Vahid Khajeh; Zohreh Meshkati
Abstract
Introduction: Early childhood parent-child relationship is vital to emotional development and mental health, this study was intended to explore a movement-based (quality time) relationship between mothers and their preschool-aged Childs and the outcome on attachment styles and anxiety symptoms.
Methods: ...
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Introduction: Early childhood parent-child relationship is vital to emotional development and mental health, this study was intended to explore a movement-based (quality time) relationship between mothers and their preschool-aged Childs and the outcome on attachment styles and anxiety symptoms.
Methods: This study was a non-randomized quasi-experimental post-test design conducted in the city of Isfahan. It involved 24 children aged 3 to 5 years old and their mothers, who participated in 18 joint mother-child physical activity sessions based on Teraplay therapeutic play principles. A control group consisting of 16 children received no intervention. Attachment was assessed using the Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (KCAQ), and child anxiety was measured using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Parent version (SCAS-P). Initial data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for maternal age and prior participation of the child in sports classes before the intervention.
Results: The level of attachment in the experimental group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) while anxiety level was significantly lower (p < 0.04) than that of the control group. Reductions in avoidance and negative attachment were also seen.
Conclusion: The results support that structured mother-child physical activities can foster secure attachment and decrease anxiety in young children. These results support the feasibility of using movement-based therapeutic interventions in early child mental health and parenting programs.
Moniralsadat Arvin; Zohreh Meshkati; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
Introduction: Executive functions are a vital indicator of athletic success, and one of the interventions that can influence them is Quadrato motor meditation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of these trainings at the behavioral level on the executive function of semi-skilled athletesMethods: ...
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Introduction: Executive functions are a vital indicator of athletic success, and one of the interventions that can influence them is Quadrato motor meditation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of these trainings at the behavioral level on the executive function of semi-skilled athletesMethods: One hundred semi-skilled female athletes aged 15 to 18 years were selected via convenience sampling from shooters in Yazd province and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Each component of executive function was assessed in separate sessions. The Quadrato motor meditation intervention was performed for 28 days, six minutes per day. The post-test was then administered following the same protocol as the pre-test. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software, with a significance level set at p<0.05.Results: The findings showed that Quadrato motor trainings were effective in increasing scores in interference and asymmetries of response from the response inhibition dimension, the two subcategories, and persistence from the cognitive flexibility dimension, and also in improving performance in the working memory dimension during the post-test phase. These improvements amounted to 12.6% in response inhibition, 21.6% in working memory, and 18% in cognitive flexibility.Conclusion: The results of this study are consistent with structural and functional brain research. Quadrato motor meditation training had a positive effect on the three core components of executive function at the behavioral level and could serve as an appropriate intervention to enhance executive functioning in athletes.
Muthanna Kadhim Jasim Al-Graee; Farzaneh Davari; Mazin hadi kzar Altaie; Zohreh Meshkati
Abstract
Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has gained attention as a safe, non-invasive neuromodulation technique for enhancing motor and cognitive functions in older adults. Among various brain regions, cerebellar stimulation appears particularly effective in improving postural control ...
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Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has gained attention as a safe, non-invasive neuromodulation technique for enhancing motor and cognitive functions in older adults. Among various brain regions, cerebellar stimulation appears particularly effective in improving postural control and static balance. This study aimed to compare the effects of tDCS applied over the cerebellum and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the static balance of elderly men.Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 60 healthy elderly men aged 60 to 80 years from Ahvaz voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to four groups: cerebellar tDCS, left DLPFC tDCS, sham cerebellar tDCS, and sham DLPFC tDCS (15 participants each). Static balance was evaluated using a force plate device, during which participants completed three 30-second trials of quiet standing in both the pretest and posttest stages. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions over two weeks (five sessions per week), with each tDCS session lasting 20 minutes. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The findings indicated that both cerebellar and DLPFC tDCS significantly improved static balance by reducing center of pressure displacement in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the effects of cerebellar and DLPFC stimulation (p>0.05).Conclusion: Based on these results, both cerebellar and DLPFC tDCS protocols can be considered effective interventions for enhancing static balance in elderly men. Health professionals and specialists are encouraged to include these approaches in balance rehabilitation programs for older adults.
Hossein Heydari; Rokhsareh Badami; Zohreh Meshkati
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction and Purpose: the purpose of the current study was to examine the comparison of the effect of sports vision training with and without inline hockey specific context on the speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players.Methods: In this semi experimental study, which was ...
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AbstractIntroduction and Purpose: the purpose of the current study was to examine the comparison of the effect of sports vision training with and without inline hockey specific context on the speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players.Methods: In this semi experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design with a one- and four-week follow-up period, 60 novice male hockey players with an age range of 15 to For 20 years, they were accessibility selected and randomly divided into three groups: sports vision training with hockey specific context, sports vision training without hockey specific context and hockey specific context training. In the pre-test phase, the participants performed the desired tests (speed and whole body reaction time). The intervention phase lasted for nine weeks and 2 sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes, in which the groups did the relevant exercises. In the post-test phase, which was performed exactly after the last training session, and in the follow-up phase, which was performed after one and four weeks of non-training, the participants performed the desired tests as in the pre-test phase. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that sports vision exercises with and without hockey specific context and hockey specific context exercises have a significant effect on improving speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players. Other results indicated that superiority (greater effect size) of sports vision exercises with hockey specific context compared to other exercises.
Nayereh Shamshiri; Zohreh Meshkati; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sport vision training on accuracy and targeting-interceptive skill quiet eye in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning ...
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Introduction and Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sport vision training on accuracy and targeting-interceptive skill quiet eye in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning disorder were divided into sport vision and control groups. In the pre-test phase, participants performed 10 trails to throw and catch task the ball. Acquisition phase have done in eight weeks and three sessions in per weeks. At the end of the last training session, in the post-test phase, in two weeks of detraining in the retention and transfer phases, the participants performed 10 trials to throw and catch task the ball. At each phase, the gaze behavior was recorded by eye tracker system and the throw and catch task performance was recorded by the researcher. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures with 0.05 significant levels.Results: The results indicated that sport vision training has a significant effect on increasing the accuracy of targeting-interceptive skills and on increase quiet eye period of throw phase. But, other result indicated that sport vision training has not effect on quiet eye of catching phase.Conclusion: In general, the results of the current study emphasize the importance of sports vision training on the performance of children with learning disabilities; However, more research is needed on the effect of sports vision training on gaze behavior according to the type of task (targeting or interceptive).
Nayereh Shamshiri; Zohreh Meshkati; Rokhsareh Badami
Abstract
Introduction: Children with learning disorder have more inefficient use of gaze strategies in various tasks.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on muscle activity and targeting-interceptive skill accuracy in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this ...
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Introduction: Children with learning disorder have more inefficient use of gaze strategies in various tasks.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on muscle activity and targeting-interceptive skill accuracy in children with learning disorder.Methods: In this semi- experimental study with a repeated-measure design, 30 boys aged 7-10 years with learning disorder were divided into quiet eye and control groups . In the pre-test phase, participants performed 10 trails to throw and catch task the ball. Acquisition phase have done in eight weeks and three sessions in per weeks. In per session after the video-gaze exercises, 10 trials were performed to throw and catch task in accordance with the gaze exercises instructions. At the end of the last training session, in the post-test phase, in two weeks of detraining in the retention and transfer phases, the participants performed 10 trials to throw and catch task the ball. At each phase, the selected muscle electrical activity was recorded by electromyography and the throw and catch task performance was recorded by the researcher. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures with 0.05 significant levels.Results: The results indicated that quiet eye training have a significant effect on increasing the learning of targeting-interceptive skills and on reducing the muscles electrical activity.Conclusion: The results of this study support the pre-programming hypothesis on the importance of planning and choosing the correct answer.
