Motor Development and Learning
Mojtaba Yavari; hossein samadi; Mostafa Hajlotfalian
Abstract
Background: A central objective in sports science is to examine the influence of various variables to optimize training efficacy and develop superior frameworks for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.
Aims: This study investigated the effect of self-controlled vs instructor-controlled demonstration ...
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Background: A central objective in sports science is to examine the influence of various variables to optimize training efficacy and develop superior frameworks for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.
Aims: This study investigated the effect of self-controlled vs instructor-controlled demonstration on coordination variability (CV), movement smoothness (MS), and learning of the under-parallel swing skill.
Methods: 29 novice male gymnasts aged 10 to 12 years, were purposefully selected and randomly placed into three groups: self-controlled, yoked, and instructor-controlled. During the acquisition phase, all groups physically performed the under-parallel swing task across 12 blocks of 5 trials (60 trials total). Following each block, participants received a demonstration of the correct movement pattern. The principal distinction among the groups was the timing of the movement pattern demonstration. Following the training blocks, acquisition and retention tests were conducted. A motion capture system was used to evaluate the MS and CV of the movement pattern. The data were analyzed using a Mixed ANOVA test.
Results: The results showed that all training groups, significantly improved their CV, MS, and under-parallel swing skill performance, irrespective of the intervention. Moreover, between-group comparisons demonstrated that the self-controlled group performed significantly better than the other two groups in terms of performance, CV and MS (with the exception of movement smoothness in the retention test) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings confirm that utilizing a self-controlled practice method yields more favorable outcomes for learning the under-parallel swing skill. Therefore, this method is recommended for athletes and coaches.
Motor Development and Learning
hossein samadi; Saeid ahar; Leyli khavari; Nazanin Jalali Mohammadabadi
Abstract
Background: Encouraging physical activity is an important public health priority worldwide due to its multiple health outcomes, impact on quality of life, and significant savings in hospitalization and healthcare costs among older adults. Recently, physical literacy, a concept to support participation ...
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Background: Encouraging physical activity is an important public health priority worldwide due to its multiple health outcomes, impact on quality of life, and significant savings in hospitalization and healthcare costs among older adults. Recently, physical literacy, a concept to support participation and maintenance of physical activity in older adults, has been introduced.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Scale for the elderly.
Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational. For this purpose, 408 elderly men and women completed the Persian version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Scale for the Elderly. First, the accuracy of the translation of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed using the back-translation method, and then confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency. Also, for the temporal reliability of the questions, intraclass correlation was used with the test-retest method.
Results: The results showed that the goodness of fit index and adaptive fit index were desirable. The temporal reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for self-efficacy and its dimensions were higher than 0.7 .
Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Scale for the Elderly has acceptable construct validity and internal and temporal reliability, and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the physical literacy of Iranian elderly people.
Saeid Ahar; Hossein Samadi; Sakineh Jafari
Abstract
Introduction: Objective criteria for performance measurements are widely used in motor learning, development, and sports psychology, despite their inherent limitations. Due to the limitation in performance evaluation tools in team sports, the present research aimed to determine the validity and reliability ...
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Introduction: Objective criteria for performance measurements are widely used in motor learning, development, and sports psychology, despite their inherent limitations. Due to the limitation in performance evaluation tools in team sports, the present research aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire (PPTSQ).Methods: The current research was a survey study. The statistical sample consisted of 100 professional athletes (52 women and 48 men) in team sports aged 18 to 32 who participated in the present research through available and purposive sampling. First, the accuracy of the translation of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed using the back-translation method. Then, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine the structural validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency. Statistical analysis was performed using Lisrel software version 8.8.Results: The results showed that the first-order model is suitable concerning statistical indices (RMSEA=0.079), which confirmed the construct validity of this questionnaire in Persian. The second-order model also confirmed the validity of the constituent components of this questionnaire (RMSEA=0.073). Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.92) and test-retest internal correlation (α=0.92) confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire.Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian version of the perceived performance in team sports questionnaire has good and acceptable construct validity and internal reliability, and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool.
Hossein Samadi; Jalil Moradi; Mohammad Sohbatiha
Abstract
Introduction: Reactivity to stress is the basis of individual differences in mental, emotional, and physiological responses to stressful situations and is a valid indicator for current and future adverse health outcomes. Despite the importance of stress reactivity and its consequences, the conventional ...
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Introduction: Reactivity to stress is the basis of individual differences in mental, emotional, and physiological responses to stressful situations and is a valid indicator for current and future adverse health outcomes. Despite the importance of stress reactivity and its consequences, the conventional physiological calculation of reactivity is time-consuming, costly, and invasive. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes (PSRS-AA).Methods: The research method was a descriptive-correlational type. The statistical sample was made up of 290 athletes (130 girls and 160 boys) of different sports fields with an age range of 12 to 20 years who participated in the present study using the available sampling method. First, the correctness of the translation of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed using the back-translation method, and then confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency.Results: The results showed that the goodness of fit index and the comparative fit index are higher than 0.9. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent athletes and its dimensions were obtained above 0.7 (acceptable index value).Conclusion: Based on the results, based on the results, the Persian perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent athletes has good and acceptable construct validity and internal reliability, and it can be used as a valid and reliable tool.
Hossein Samadi; Jalil Moradi; Saeid Ahar
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the importance of refereeing judgments and the sensitivity of referees' role in holding sports competitions and the impact of referees' decisions on the outcome of the game, little research has been done on various aspects of the referees' profession and occupation. The purpose ...
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Introduction: Despite the importance of refereeing judgments and the sensitivity of referees' role in holding sports competitions and the impact of referees' decisions on the outcome of the game, little research has been done on various aspects of the referees' profession and occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the self-efficacy scale in referees.Methods: The present research, was a descriptive-correlational study. For this purpose, 228 referees of team and individual sports completed the Persian version of the self-efficacy scale in referees. First, using the open-translation method, the accuracy of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed, and then to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used, and to determine internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Also, for the time reliability of the questions, intra-class correlation with the test-retest method was used.Results: The results showed that the goodness of fit index and the comparative fit index are higher than (0.90). Time reliability (0.76) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for self-efficacy and its dimensions above 0.7 (acceptable index value) were obtained.Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian version of the self-efficacy scale in referees has structural validity and internal and temporal reliability desirable and acceptable for referees of team and individual sports and therefore can be used as a valid and reliable tool to assess the self-efficacy of Iranian referees.
