amir dana; Mansour khalilzadeh Kouchameshki
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present research was to study the effect of motivational self-talk on endurance performance with an emphasis on the role of self-determination. Methods: The participants included 18 physical education students with a history of regular exercise with an average age of 21.08 ...
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Introduction: The aim of the present research was to study the effect of motivational self-talk on endurance performance with an emphasis on the role of self-determination. Methods: The participants included 18 physical education students with a history of regular exercise with an average age of 21.08 ± 2.5 years, who volunteered after getting acquainted with the objectives of the research and the application of its results in the current research. Participated. In three basic conditions, autonomous motivational self-talk (self-determining), controlled motivational self-talk (coach-determining) within the group, their endurance performance was measured in Bruce's test based on the time to complete exhaustion, and the perception of pressure was measured by Borg's test. Results: The results of the analysis of variance of repeated measures showed that self-talk in the self-determining condition compared to the coach-determining condition led to a decrease in the perception of pressure and improved endurance performance. The results of Benferroni's post hoc test showed that self-talk in coach-determining and self-determining conditions compared to conditions without self-talk led to improved endurance performance. Conclusion: In general, it seems that the autonomous motivational climate in the situation where the athlete played the main role in choosing and using the type of self-talk phrases; compared to the controlled motivational climate where the trainer determined the type and use of self-talk statements; By fulfilling the psychological needs of independence, connection and competence, it provided the basis for improving endurance performance and reducing the perception of pressure in athletes.
Motor Development and Learning
ebrahim moteshareie; mahin aghdaei; zima Abdollahi
Abstract
The current research is semi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test design with an intervention control group. For this purpose, 24 active volleyball players in the Southwest Tehran Volleyball Board were selected based on the entry criteria and were randomly divided into two experimental (N=12) and ...
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The current research is semi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test design with an intervention control group. For this purpose, 24 active volleyball players in the Southwest Tehran Volleyball Board were selected based on the entry criteria and were randomly divided into two experimental (N=12) and control (N=12) groups. In the experimental group, the subjects received a 60-70 minute session of the mindfulness program based on improving sports performance for six weeks. At this time, in the control group, in the same conditions as the experimental group, the chat program was conducted, including a review of the history, rules and some analyzes of volleyball. In the pre-test and post-test, measurements were taken of all the people present in the two experimental and control groups, including the mental performance and mental strength questionnaire, as well as the sports performance test in volleyball. To analyze the data, statistical tests of mixed analysis of variance and Anova and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used with SPSS software.
Findings: The results of mixed variance analysis in the variables of mental strength, smooth execution and performance showed that the main effect of the test (between pre-test and post-test stages) and also the effect of group interaction with the test were significant (p<0.05). No difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in the scores of mental strength, smooth performance and performance in the pre-test (p>0.05). However, in the post-test stage, a significant difference was observed in the research variables between the two groups (p<0.05).
Amir Dana; Mansour Khalilzadeh Kouchameshki
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of timing the use of strategic self-talk on the performance and learning of novices.Methods: 36 new students in basketball skills were selected and randomly assigned into three pre-feedback strategic self-talk, post-feedback strategic ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of timing the use of strategic self-talk on the performance and learning of novices.Methods: 36 new students in basketball skills were selected and randomly assigned into three pre-feedback strategic self-talk, post-feedback strategic self-talk, and control groups. In each session, 60 practice trials were given from four points of the basketball arc. After every three trials, the coach gave feedback to the trainees about how to perform the skill. In the first experimental group, the novices were taught to use strategic self-talk after completing three practice trials and before providing feedback to identify errors; In the second experimental group, the novices were asked to use strategic self-talk after providing feedback to correct errors, and in the control group, both training and feedback were given, but no self-talk was provided. Finally, two weeks after the end of the intervention, a retention test was held.Results: The two-factor analysis of variance results in the acquisition phase showed that the main effects of sessions (P=0.000), and group (P=0.024) on basketball shooting performance were significant. Also, the interactive effect of sessions and groups on basketball shooting performance was significant (P=0.001). Finally, strategic self-talk before providing feedback improved basketball shooting skill learning compared to strategic self-talk after providing feedback (P=0.007).Conclusion: It seems that strategic self-talk before providing feedback is beneficial for learning basketball shots due to the attention to error identification and the use of the coach's feedback for error correction.
Abolfazl Esmaili; Shila Safavi; Ahmadreza Movahedi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of skill level on the performance of dribbling skills in soccer choking under pressure conditions. For this purpose, 20 skilled players of the university football team and twenty beginner students in football (with age range 18-25) participated in ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of skill level on the performance of dribbling skills in soccer choking under pressure conditions. For this purpose, 20 skilled players of the university football team and twenty beginner students in football (with age range 18-25) participated in the study. The Egilly soccer dribble skill test was performed in two stages: without pressure condition and combined pressure condition. In the present study, the combination of two types of pressure, competition between participants and camcorders were used to create pressure condition. In order to ensure that the pressure conditions were applied, the level of competitive anxiety was measured using the second version of the competitive state anxiety and the heart rate of the participants. To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparing the mean scores and independent t-test was used to compare the mean scores of two groups without pressure condition. The results showed that the performance of the skilled group, decrease under pressure conditions and the performance of the beginner group improved under pressure conditions. It is possible that the pressure conditions in the beginner group would increase the effort to perform better and thus improve performance. It can also be said that the motivational role of pressure conditions has improved performance in beginners. In skilled persons, they are also likely to engage in skill-centered mechanisms that give less skill to the source of attention which is empirically evident in verifying the explicit review theory.
Leila Ghandehari Alavijeh; Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni; Mehdi Shahbazi
Abstract
Theoretically, skill presentation will change behavior through processes such as imitation and motor repetition. If we want learning to happen, we need a process called training. Training can be delivered by the instructor through verbal and non–verbal instructions to the learner. One type of non–verbal ...
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Theoretically, skill presentation will change behavior through processes such as imitation and motor repetition. If we want learning to happen, we need a process called training. Training can be delivered by the instructor through verbal and non–verbal instructions to the learner. One type of non–verbal instruction is pattern representation in which learner can learn through observation. The purpose of this model is to use the pattern representation as a means of transmitting information. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three training methods: immediate, interspersed and combined imitation on Juno kata form performance. Therefore, 45 girls (9-12 years old) in Tehran city voluntarily participated in this study and were divided into three groups (each group 15 subjects) based on the type of intervention. Groups of immediate, interspersed and combined imitation had special imitation training programs with specific repetitions. In order to quantify data, 10-point Kata scale was used. As the data distribution and variance homogeneity were obtained, the result of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that all three observational methods helped to improve the performance and this progress remained stable in the retention and transfer tests (P≤0.05). Also, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the priority of immediate imitation group on interspersed (P=0.0005) and combined (P=0.0005) imitation groups. The combined imitation group gained better scores than interspersed group (P=0.0005) and this differences was stable in retention and transfer tests.
Behrouz Golmohammadi; Valiollah Kashani; Amin Khosravi
Abstract
Relaxation is a way of improving performance that can generally be classified as physical and mental relaxation. The mental relaxation technique is often named as the technique of mind to the body since the purpose of these techniques is to provide relaxation through the mind. The aim of the present ...
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Relaxation is a way of improving performance that can generally be classified as physical and mental relaxation. The mental relaxation technique is often named as the technique of mind to the body since the purpose of these techniques is to provide relaxation through the mind. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect a period of relaxation program (body to mind and mind to body) on the performance of semi-skilled football players. For this purpose, 39 players were selected and divided randomly into three groups: progressive muscle relaxation, creative visualization, and control. Before the interventions, a pretest was conducted by the observational method. In this relaxation program, subjects underwent two different types of relaxation after football training for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed the significant effect of progressive muscle relaxation and creative visualization on maintaining and controlling the ball, accurately passing, accurately taking the ball from the opponent and overall players’ performance. In addition, the athletes who used progressive muscle relaxation had better performance than those who used creative visualization. In general, the methods of the body to mind and mind to body relaxation can each serve as an independent way to improve the performance of athletes, but the implementation of mind to body relaxation, such as the visualization of creativity, is more effective at skills that require more precision and concentration.
Mojtaba Jalalvand; Abbas Bahram; Afkham Daneshfar; Saeed Arsham
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine effect of self-control of task difficulty on accurate and movement pattern golf putting. Methodology: Thirty novice undergraduate students (14 Female and 16 male; average age 21.1 ± 1.64 years) were quasi-randomly assigned to two groups. Before performing each ...
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Aim: This study aimed to determine effect of self-control of task difficulty on accurate and movement pattern golf putting. Methodology: Thirty novice undergraduate students (14 Female and 16 male; average age 21.1 ± 1.64 years) were quasi-randomly assigned to two groups. Before performing each trial during the acquisition phase, the self-control group was told they could choose any of the pre-set distances from the target: (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and, 200 cm). Each self-control participant’s practice schedule was served as the predetermined practice schedule for each corresponding yoked participant. Participants practiced eight blocks of 10 trials. To analyze the radial error (in acquisition and tests phases) and the movement pattern score (in tests) mixed variance analysis with repeated measures on the last factor was used. The movement pattern score in acquisition phase was analyzed using t test. Results: Based on the results, radial errors across different groups in the acquisition phase did not vary, but the radial error of the self-control group in retention, single task transfer and dual-task transfer tests was lower compared to the yoked group (ps < 0.001). In acquisition and test phases, the golf putting movement pattern was better than that of yoked group (ps < 0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of self-control of task difficulty is explained with reference to the challenge point framework.
