Farnaz Torabi; Zahra Mortazaeedarsara
Abstract
AbstractConcentration is an important rool in shooting, Some consider the ability to concentrate to be a natural and inherent talent of athletes, while these abilities are not innate and are skills that athletes can acquire through practice and learning.The use of direct brain electrical stimulation ...
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AbstractConcentration is an important rool in shooting, Some consider the ability to concentrate to be a natural and inherent talent of athletes, while these abilities are not innate and are skills that athletes can acquire through practice and learning.The use of direct brain electrical stimulation is one of the ways to increase the concentration. This study focused on effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the concentration and record of 16 to 26 year old pistol shooters in Isfahan was investigated, 30 subjects (consisted of women and gentlemen were present. 15 of them were in experimental group and 15 subjects were selected for control group. Before the beginning of the study, subjects of both groups were subjected to a pretest including a stroop test and a complete shot form 60 arrows with a scatt machine. Then the experimental group went under the influence of tDCS from the T3 and CZ regions for 20 minutes with voltage of 1 mA per day and it continued for 10 sessions. All subjects were subjected to post-test, which was the same as the pre-test after the end of work and 7 days later. Data were analyzed by SPSS . The results showed that Transcranial direct current stimulation had a significant effect on the concentration and the record of the pistol shooters. The results of both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (P <0.05) indicated that tDCS had a significant effect on concentration and record of pistol shooters and it improved by using tDCS.
Farnaz Torabi; Matine Razavi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fine motor skills on stereotyped movements of children with autism aged 7 to 15 years in Khomein in 1399. In this quasi-experimental study, 20 children with autism were selected by available sampling method from Khomein Sustained Autism Rehabilitation ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fine motor skills on stereotyped movements of children with autism aged 7 to 15 years in Khomein in 1399. In this quasi-experimental study, 20 children with autism were selected by available sampling method from Khomein Sustained Autism Rehabilitation Center. Then the subjects were randomly divided into two control groups (n = 10) with mean age (10 ± 16/3) and mean height (118 ± 42/23) and mean weight (42 ± 16/7) and experimental group (n = 10) With mean age (12 ± 79/2) and mean height (116 ± 67/34) and mean weight (38 ± 34/8). The experimental group received 15 sessions of 40 minutes (three sessions per week) of fine motor skills training, and the control group performed their daily activities during this period. The Gilliam (Garz) autism test was used to assess stereotyped movements. Data analysis was performed by Leven, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multivariate variance at the significant level of P
Farnaz Torabi; Azar Aghayari; Shaghayegh Baradaran Moti
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spark activity on growth hormone level and motor skills in 4-7-year-old boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this quasi-experiments study, 20 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by multi-stage ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spark activity on growth hormone level and motor skills in 4-7-year-old boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this quasi-experiments study, 20 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from kindergartens of districts 2 and 5 of Tehran city. Then, subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n=10) and experimental (n=10). The experimental group received Spark activity for 24 sessions and the control group performed their daily activities during this period. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and after the intervention to measure the amount of growth hormone. Bruininks-Oseretsky test was used to assess motor skills. Data were analyzed using paired t test and covariance at a significance level of P<0.05. There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the scores of fine and gross motor skills, which were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.001). There were no significant differences in growth hormone level between the two groups (P=0.399). Based on these results, it can be concluded that one period of Spark activity can play an effective role in improving motor skills and this improvement is not associated with the level of growth hormone.
Farnaz Torabi; Abolfazl Farahani; Ali Arbabi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the number of training sessions in a week on psychological factors and memory of sedentary elderly. For this purpose, 45 sedentary male elderly (mean age, 73.15±6.54 years; height, 166.5±3.10 cm; weight, 64.45±4.06 ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the number of training sessions in a week on psychological factors and memory of sedentary elderly. For this purpose, 45 sedentary male elderly (mean age, 73.15±6.54 years; height, 166.5±3.10 cm; weight, 64.45±4.06 kg; body mass index (BMI), 23.49±1.51 kg/m2) were voluntarily selected and divided into two training groups and one control group with their own desire. The 8-week training program in two-session group consisted of running with intensity of 40-55% of maximum heart rate for 2 sessions a week. Subjects in four-session group used a training program with similar intensity of two-session group for 4 sessions a week. Depression, anxiety, happiness and memory status were measured using the Beck Depression, Beck Anxiety, Oxford Happiness and Wechsler Memory tests. Data were analyzed using paired t test and one-way ANOVA (P<0.05). The results showed a significant improvement in psychological factors and memory in experimental groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Subjects who had practiced four sessions a week showed more improvement in depression, anxiety, happiness and some memory factors. Generally, both training programs had useful adaptation and increased number of training sessions has more influence in the improvement of psychological factors and memory in the elderly.
Farnaz Torabi; Pegah Rajabpour
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate blocked, random, gradual incremental and gradual decremental practice schedules on the acquisition and retention of different types of basketball pass (overhead, hand chest , single arm with dominate hand) in 8-10-year-old girls. For this purpose, 60 female students ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate blocked, random, gradual incremental and gradual decremental practice schedules on the acquisition and retention of different types of basketball pass (overhead, hand chest , single arm with dominate hand) in 8-10-year-old girls. For this purpose, 60 female students of second, third and fourth grade of elementary school were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: blocked, random, gradual incremental and gradual decremental. After a pretest for each skill, the acquisition phase began including 5 practice sessions and 81 trials each session. The blocked group practiced 27 consecutive trials for each skill per session. The random group randomly practiced three intended skills per session. The gradual incremental group practiced the first 27 trials by blocked schedule, the second 27 trials by serial schedule and the third 27 trials by random schedule each session. The gradual decremental group practiced the first 27 trials by random schedule, the second 27 trials by serial schedule and the third 27 trials by blocked schedule each session. Participants conducted 405 trials at the end of the practice protocol. After the fifth practice session, acquisition test was carried out and retention test was taken 3 days later. The results showed no significant differences in the means between the acquisition and retention tests and these practices with different levels of interference did not have any drastic effects on different phases of learning (P>0.05).
Farnaz Torabi; Azar Aghayari; Sohayl Dashtabadi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic swimming skills training on gross motor skills in male autistic children (7-11 years old). For this purpose, 20 autistic children (mean + SD age: 10.3±1.05 yr and BMI: 18.9±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic swimming skills training on gross motor skills in male autistic children (7-11 years old). For this purpose, 20 autistic children (mean + SD age: 10.3±1.05 yr and BMI: 18.9±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each group 10 subjects). The training protocol of the experimental group was implemented for 6 weeks containing warm-up with stretching exercises, standard swimming instruction and training and ball movements inside and outside water. The control group was engaged in their routine activities. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the second edition of Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) (Ulrich, 2000) was applied for both groups. Findings showed that the manipulation skills (%40), locomotion skills (%31) and gross skills (%35) improved significantly after the selected training protocol (P<0.05). Accordingly, the differences between the two groups in changes of pretest and posttest of the three skills were significant (P<0.05). Finally, it seems that swimming training with an emphasis on manipulation and locomotion skills can have beneficial effects on motor abilities of children with autism.
Farnaz Torabi; Kia Ranjbar; Zahra Soori
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external intervention factor (types of music) on physical fitness factors in adolescent boys. 30 adolescent boys (9-12 years old, MSD height, weight and BMI: 133.82.40 cm, 35.62.97 kg, and 19.91.21 kg/cm2), were selected and performed the ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external intervention factor (types of music) on physical fitness factors in adolescent boys. 30 adolescent boys (9-12 years old, MSD height, weight and BMI: 133.82.40 cm, 35.62.97 kg, and 19.91.21 kg/cm2), were selected and performed the tests in three stages (fast music, slow music, control) with Counter Balance method. In each stage, the muscular endurance, coordination, agility and muscular power tests were used. Also, fast rhythm (135-140 bpm) and slow rhythm (115-120 bpm) were used. Data were analyzed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that the changes in the results of muscular endurance tests including push up, sit-up and pull up were significant in all three stages (P<0.05). The results of push up significantly outperformed those of control group in fast and slow music stages. There was a significant difference in sit-up and endurance strength between both intervention groups and control group (P<0.05). In each stage, the changes in the results of coordination tests were significant (P=0.01). The subjects outperformed in the control stage (no music) compared with the other stages (P<0.05). The agility results showed no significant difference among the three stages (P>0.05). The explosive power results showed significant differences in the fast music stage than control and slow music stages (P<0.05). Finally listening to the music during strength and endurance performances increases the efficiency of performance. Fast music maybe more effective in preventing central fatigue. On the other hand, every kind of music has negative effects on performance of coordination test and has no effect on performance of the agility test.
Farnaz Torabi; Mahmood Sheikh; Alimohammad Safaniya
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) ...
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The aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. Subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and SD of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) were divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n = 12) and control (n = 12) randomly. Training protocol in the acquisition stage included basketball dribbling of Harrison test for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 30 seconds per session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of dribbling test was record per session, then posttest was carried out and finally after two weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition and transfer test like the real condition of competitions (with the presence of music and audience) was performed 24 hours later. Rest heart rate index was used to maintain the subjects in the same level of arousal. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used. Results showed that all groups improved their skill learning in the acquisition stage. Also, there was a significant difference in basketball dribbling scores among the groups in the acquisition stage (p=0.0001) and this difference was higher in the control group (i.e. audience and music groups had weaker performance in the posttest of acquisition stage). But in retention and transfer tests, music and audience groups were at an advantage; audience group achieved the highest scores in retention test and music and audience groups gained higher significant scores than control group in transfer test (p=0.0001).
Farnaz Torabi; Mahmud Sheikh; Elahe Arabameri; Rasoul Hemattalab; Fazlolah Bagherzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , January 2009, , Pages 65-82
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n=12) and control (n=12). Protocol of acquisition phase included basketball free throw for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 15 trails each session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of free throw test was recorded per session. Then, posttest was carried out and finally after 2 weeks of detraining, retention test was performed in the same condition for all groups. Transfer test in a new condition (different from training condition) was performed 24 hours later. Heart rate index was used to asses the level of arousal of subjects at rest and during training. To analyze data, one-way ANOVA test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results showed that all groups improved in the acquisition phase and there was no significant difference in free throw scores among the three groups in the acquisition test (P=0.145). But in the retention test, music group achieved highest scores and in transfer test, music and audience groups were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.000).
