Saleh Nasiri; jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity adversely affects the mental and physical health of children and adolescents. Obese children participate less in social and sports activities compared to their normal-weight peers, leading to a decline in their physical fitness and sports performance. The present study aimed to ...
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Introduction: Obesity adversely affects the mental and physical health of children and adolescents. Obese children participate less in social and sports activities compared to their normal-weight peers, leading to a decline in their physical fitness and sports performance. The present study aimed to compare the effects of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) model and traditional pedagogy methods on futsal performance, selected physical fitness factors, and physical activity levels in obese students.
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test approach. A total of 24 obese students were purposively and conveniently selected as the sample and randomly divided into two groups of 12 individuals: a traditional pedagogy group and a TGFU group. Data were collected using a futsal skill test, the 4×9 meter agility test, the 20-meter shuttle run endurance test, the 10×5 meter shuttle run test, and a physical activity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The results of the ANCOVA indicated significant differences between the traditional and TGFU groups in futsal performance, cardiovascular endurance, agility, speed, and physical activity levels (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the TGFU group showed significantly better results than the traditional pedagogy group (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: The TGFU model enhances participants' adaptive behaviors in competitive settings and improves their capacity to solve various performance-related challenges, thereby helping to promote their overall development. Therefore, TGFU can be utilized in school physical education programs to enhance physical fitness factors and sports performance in obese students, replacing traditional pedagogy methods.
sepide jalali; Hassan Mohammadzade; jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
Introduction: Menopause is the beginning of a new era in a woman's life. This period, like all other stages of life, has positive and negative aspects. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on serum BDNF level, balance, and quality of life in menopausal and non-menopausal ...
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Introduction: Menopause is the beginning of a new era in a woman's life. This period, like all other stages of life, has positive and negative aspects. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on serum BDNF level, balance, and quality of life in menopausal and non-menopausal women.Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design that included two experimental and two control groups. The sample consisted of 60 menopausal and non-menopausal women (age 45.77±1.77 years) who were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned into four groups of 15 people. Fasting blood was drawn from all the participants 48 hours before the start of training and after the end of the training period. Then both experimental groups performed Pilates exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted 60 minutes. Also, the participants similarly performed the Y dynamic balance test and completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire in pre-test and post-test.Results: The results of Mixed ANOVA showed a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test of menopausal and non-menopausal women in relevant variables, so it can be said that probably 91%, 76%, and 94% of the changes in serum BDNF levels, balance and quality of life of menopausal and non-menopausal women are influenced by Pilates exercises. However, no significant effect was observed in the relevant variables of control groups (P≤0.05).Conclusion: Pilates exercises can be an effective strategy to improve serum BDNF levels, balance, and quality of life in menopausal and non-menopausal women.
Atefe Eftekhari; Jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-movement on distance perception. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was the students of Urmia University who were randomly selected as a sample of 60 students who were eligible ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-movement on distance perception. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was the students of Urmia University who were randomly selected as a sample of 60 students who were eligible to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people including static group, dynamic group with treadmill speed 4 Km/h and the dynamic group were divided at a speed of 8 km/h. The test of walking blindfolded in a straight line to a previously observed target was used to measure distance perception. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the perception of estimating the distance between groups, while there was a significant difference in the perception of distance with closed eyes between groups and also in perception scores. There is no significant difference in distance with closed eyes between the movement group with treadmill speeds 4 and 8, but the difference between these two groups with the group without movement is significant and Finally, the results showed that although self-motion affects the perception of distance with the eyes closed, but the speed of movement does not affect this perception. Therefore, movement can affect the perception of the surrounding environment.
Borhanadin Ghari; Hasan Mohammadzadeh; jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two instructional approaches (game based and traditional) on physical activity, self-determined motivation and physical activity enjoyment in university students who participated in physical education classes. This study was semi-experimental. The ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two instructional approaches (game based and traditional) on physical activity, self-determined motivation and physical activity enjoyment in university students who participated in physical education classes. This study was semi-experimental. The participants included 30 male university students (mean age 20.67±1.72 years) who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups: game based instruction and traditional instruction. They participated in 18 sessions (for 6 weeks and 3 sessions a week) of basketball. The data were collected by the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, Beurer pedometer, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, and Self-Determination Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANCOVA, and RANCOVA were used for analysis of data. The results showed significant differences between game based and traditional groups in the duration of moderate to high intensity physical activity and the number of steps (P≤0.001). There were no significant differences in physical activity enjoyment and a sense of competence between game based and traditional groups; But there were significant differences between two groups in autonomy (P≤0.001) and belonging (P≤0.013).The results showed that game based instructional approach can enhance physical activity level and quality of motivation of university students in physical education classes.
Jalal Dehghanizade; Hasan Mohammadzade
Abstract
Relationship between Quiet Eye duration And Performance: Study of Duration And Location of Gaze Quiet eye is considered as a special gaze to a location of Motor space that is an indicator of motor control. The Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quiet eye durations and location ...
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Relationship between Quiet Eye duration And Performance: Study of Duration And Location of Gaze Quiet eye is considered as a special gaze to a location of Motor space that is an indicator of motor control. The Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quiet eye durations and location of gaze fixation with performance. The research sample included 60 right-handed boys (19-22 yr). The Snellen chart was used to assess vision. Task was a golf putting and the visual information was recorded through eye track glasses and motor information via a Video camera (SONY). The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed the relationship between quiet eye and performance. Also, the correlation between the location of gaze fixation with quiet eye and performance was determined by Eta correlation coefficient. The results of ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between location of gaze fixation in quiet eye and performance variables. In other words, the duration and location of the fixation affect the motor performance. The components of vision can have an effective role in motor control. The quiet eye is a perceptual skill associated with expertise and superior performance. The benefit of the phenomenon has been demonstrated in a range of sporting tasks. The mechanism(s) underpinning this phenomenon are much-debated and are associated with varying assumptions.
Hassan Mohammadzade; Parisa Parsafar; Jalal Dehghanizade
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in expertise in the last decade have received a great deal of attention of researchers. They try to understand how performers are able to deal with complex tasks and overcome limitations to become highly skilled. The aim of this study was to compare gaze behaviors and decision ...
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The mechanisms involved in expertise in the last decade have received a great deal of attention of researchers. They try to understand how performers are able to deal with complex tasks and overcome limitations to become highly skilled. The aim of this study was to compare gaze behaviors and decision making skill among skilled (n=12) and novice (n=12) football players. 24 male football players (age range: 19-25 years old) took part in the study and were divided into two groups of experts and novices. Participants watched images of different situations and provided their prediction of the desired kicks by choosing the right key in the shortest time possible. The number and duration of fixations and the accuracy and speed of decision making were recorded using Eye Tracking and Reaction Time device. The results of ANOVA on decision making skill showed a significant difference between the two groups in their decision making speed and accuracy, but the results of the gaze behaviors showed no significant difference in the number and duration of fixations between the two groups. These results showed that expert players are able to select the appropriate signs of the screen based on a considerable amount of perception. In addition, the results of this study showed that expert players show higher perception of vision and better decision making than novice players.
Borhanaldin Ghari; Hasan Mohammadzadeh; Jalal Dehghanizadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance and the perception of size of target under internal and external attention focus conditions as well as the relationship between the initial perception of the size of target and performance. 70 male students (mean age ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance and the perception of size of target under internal and external attention focus conditions as well as the relationship between the initial perception of the size of target and performance. 70 male students (mean age of 21±1.6 years) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to internal and external attention focus based on the type of attentional instruction. Subjects performed dart throwing task in 20 trials. The target size estimation test was performed before the trials, after the last trial and after the first successful trail. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between the performance and perception of target size in external focus group. But in internal focus group, a significant relationship between performance and perception of the size of the target was not observed. Also, there was no significant relationship between the initial perception and performance in both groups. It is suggested that the focus of attention can be a mediating factor for action-specific perception phenomenon.
Jalal Dehghanizade; Maryam Lotfi; Hasan Mohammadzade
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical training and working memory training on mental rotation ability. 45 non-athlete female students were purposively selected and randomly assigned to one of these groups: aerobic training, working memory training and control (each group ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical training and working memory training on mental rotation ability. 45 non-athlete female students were purposively selected and randomly assigned to one of these groups: aerobic training, working memory training and control (each group 15 subjects). This study was quasi-experimental, which was a type of pretest-posttest with a control group. Mental rotation test was conducted for the sample. Physical training and working memory training groups participated respectively in aerobic training and working memory training for 30 minutes daily for two weeks. The control group performed their daily activities. Results of ANOVA with repeated measures showed that aerobic and working memory training affected mental rotation ability (P≤0.05). The findings suggested that cognitive abilities are facilitated by cognitive and motor interventions.
Maryam Lotfi; Jalal Dehghanizade; Fateme Sadat Hosseini
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of focus of attention on learning dart throwing in mentally retarded children.In this quasi-experimental study, 22 mentally retarded boys (age 10-12 years old) were randomly selected according to IQ (50-70) and were assigned to two homogenous attention ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of focus of attention on learning dart throwing in mentally retarded children.In this quasi-experimental study, 22 mentally retarded boys (age 10-12 years old) were randomly selected according to IQ (50-70) and were assigned to two homogenous attention (internal, external) groups after the pretest and a training session according to the obtained scores, age and IQ. The subjects practiced in 5 blocks and each block 8 throws. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and ANOVA were used to analyze data. In retention phase, both groups increased accuracy in their throwing (P=0.044). Variability (P=0.044) and throwing accuracy (P=0.047) decreased due to the training. In transfer phase, internal focus group could not transfer skill to new conditions while variable group succeeded to transfer their skill to new conditions. Also, external focus group had lower variability (P=0.049) and higher accuracy (P=0.048) than internal focus group. According to the findings, external focus group was able to retain and transfer skills to new situations which confirmed constrained action hypothesis (Wulf et al., 2001) in mentally retarded individuals.
Jalal Dehghanizade; Hasan Mohamadzade; Hadi Moradi
Abstract
Mental rotation is the ability to imagine how an object will look if rotated away from the orientation in comparison with the one which is actually presented. That is a component of spatial abilities. This research aimed at comparing mental rotation ability in those with motor and cognitive experiences. ...
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Mental rotation is the ability to imagine how an object will look if rotated away from the orientation in comparison with the one which is actually presented. That is a component of spatial abilities. This research aimed at comparing mental rotation ability in those with motor and cognitive experiences. The method of this research was causal-comparative and the sample was selected purposively. The sample included 60 boys with a mean age of 17.17 years (motor experience = 20 subjects in wrestling group, cognitive experience = 20 subjects in computer game group and without motor and cognitive experiences (control) = 20 subjects). Peters et al. Mental Rotation Test (version A) (1995) was used to compare mental rotation. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the control group and wrestling group and also between the control group and PC game group (P≤0.01). There was no significant difference between wrestling and PC game groups in mental rotation (P>0.05). These findings indicated the positive effects of motor and cognitive experiences on cognitive development (mental rotation).
