Aliyeh Miri Ardakol; Mohammadreza Shahabi Kaseb; Rasool Zeidabadi
Abstract
Retention is one of the important indicators for inference of learning motor skill. There are some disagreements on the retention measurement concept among experts and researchers of the motor learning area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the qualitative content of retention measurement ...
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Retention is one of the important indicators for inference of learning motor skill. There are some disagreements on the retention measurement concept among experts and researchers of the motor learning area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the qualitative content of retention measurement concept in motor skills in Persian scientific research articles between 2009 and 2019. The present study was developmental with a quality content analysis method. 143 articles of Persian scientific research journals were studied, which mentioned the concept of retention. Data were analyzed with Nvivo10 software. Results revealed that there were 47 subsidiary topics and 6 main topics for the retention measurement concept including measurement method of retention concept, number and duration of trials in retention test, number and duration of trials in the acquisition phase, number of warm-up decrement trials, task type and detraining length. Also, the results indicated that there was no agreement among experts about the measurement method of retention concept and its related issues. This topic not only can confuse researchers on how to measure the retention concept in motor behavior area, but also can limit the possibility of comparing different research results and thus makes it hard to decide on optimal practice solutions and methods. Therefore, it is necessary to make specific decisions in this regard by holding symposiums with the participation of experts in the field of motor behavior.
Hamed Fahimi; Elahe Arabameri; Rasool Hemayat Talab
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare quiet eye in children with high and low motor proficiency. In this causal-comparative study, 40 children (7 to 14 years old) in Isfahan city were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Participants performed throwing and catching task in 10 trials. The data ...
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The aim of this study was to compare quiet eye in children with high and low motor proficiency. In this causal-comparative study, 40 children (7 to 14 years old) in Isfahan city were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Participants performed throwing and catching task in 10 trials. The data of quiet eyes were recorded by an eye tracking device (Ergoneers) and analyzed by Dikablis 3.1 software when performing the desired task. After the evaluation of data normality, the data were analyzed by independent t test and Pearson correlation coefficient at the significance level of 0.05. Independent t test results showed that children with high motor proficiency were better in the onset of QE (P=0.0001), offset of QE (P=0.023), QE duration (P=0.0001) and catching performance (P=0.0001) than children with lower motor proficiency. Also, the results showed a significant negative relationship between the catching performance and the onset of QE and a significant positive relationship between the catching performance and the offset of QE and QE duration in both groups of children with high and low motor proficiency. The results of the study generally revealed that the QE is considered as an effective variables associated with motor performance and appropriate to expertise level.
Farnaz Torabi; Azar Aghayari; Shaghayegh Baradaran Moti
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spark activity on growth hormone level and motor skills in 4-7-year-old boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this quasi-experiments study, 20 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by multi-stage ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spark activity on growth hormone level and motor skills in 4-7-year-old boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this quasi-experiments study, 20 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from kindergartens of districts 2 and 5 of Tehran city. Then, subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n=10) and experimental (n=10). The experimental group received Spark activity for 24 sessions and the control group performed their daily activities during this period. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and after the intervention to measure the amount of growth hormone. Bruininks-Oseretsky test was used to assess motor skills. Data were analyzed using paired t test and covariance at a significance level of P<0.05. There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the scores of fine and gross motor skills, which were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.001). There were no significant differences in growth hormone level between the two groups (P=0.399). Based on these results, it can be concluded that one period of Spark activity can play an effective role in improving motor skills and this improvement is not associated with the level of growth hormone.
Mohsen Afrouzeh; Mehdi Sohrabi; AliReza Saberi Kakhki; Sobhan Sobhani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of equipment modification on acquisition and retention of basketball free throw skill in children aged between 9 and 10 with an emphasis on working memory capacity. 40malestudents were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of modified and ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of equipment modification on acquisition and retention of basketball free throw skill in children aged between 9 and 10 with an emphasis on working memory capacity. 40malestudents were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of modified and standard equipment with high and low working memory capacity based on the Memory for Digit Span assessment by Wechsler. Mini-basketball rules were used as a reference. The acquisition phase included 10 sessions, 4blocks each session and 15 attempts each block. Free throw basketball test (AAHPERD) was conducted as the pretest and acquisition and retention tests were conducted after a week. In the acquisition phase, 2x2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (eqipement×working memory×test) with repeated measures showed that interactive effect between working memory (high and low) and test (pretest and posttest) on performance was significant. Also, interactive effect between equipment (standard and modified) and test (pretest and posttest) on performance was significant while the interactive effect of working memory, equipment and test on performance was not significant. In retention phase, 2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (eqipement×working memory) showed that the main and interactive effect of working memory and equipment on performance was significant. The results showed that the effect of equipment employment in working memory levels on performance was similar in both pretest and posttest and also it seems that the effect of the modified equipment on performance in retention test was better in children with low working memory than children with high working memory.
Hasan Baghande; Davoud Homaniyan; Elahe Arab Ameri
Abstract
The purpose of this current study was to investigate the influence of perceptual-motor trainings on motor skills of girls with trainable mental retardation. so 20 girls with trainable mental retardation in the town of Marivan welfare organization with the average of 8/3 ±1/11 years and IQ of 39/14±6/84 ...
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The purpose of this current study was to investigate the influence of perceptual-motor trainings on motor skills of girls with trainable mental retardation. so 20 girls with trainable mental retardation in the town of Marivan welfare organization with the average of 8/3 ±1/11 years and IQ of 39/14±6/84 with purposive sampling method were studied. All girls were pretested. Then samples based on sampling method divided into two 10 groups and considered as the control and experimental groups purposefully .In this research, for assessing the gross and fine motor skills we used sections of Bruininks _ oseretsky test . The experimental group did the perceptual-motor training for 24 sessions of practice, in a week .After 24 sessions of practice both groups were post‒test .In order to study the research hypothesis, nonparametric Wilcoxon and U Mann Whithney test were used. The results of the statistical tests showed significant difference on gross motor skills in training groups (p<0.05). while the impact of this training course on gross skills was not significant statistically. The findings showed that training program used in this current research is to improve the gross motor skills in girls with trainable mental retardation and can be useful
Rasoul Hemayat talab; Ahmad Reza Movahedi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 27-41
Abstract
The Purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different combinations of mental and physical practices on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill in mentally retarded male students. Subjects were 40 guidance students who were healthy and novice in basketball penalty shot. They were selected ...
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The Purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different combinations of mental and physical practices on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill in mentally retarded male students. Subjects were 40 guidance students who were healthy and novice in basketball penalty shot. They were selected randomly and were assigned to 5 homogeneous groups (4 as experimental and 1 as control) based on their pretest scores, IQ and their ability in mental imagery. They exercised for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired T test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. It was observed that all four variations of practice improved their performance, yet the mental practice followed by physical practice group outperformed the other groups. The results suggest that mental practice followed by physical practice results in an outstanding performance in mentally retarded adolescents.
