Ensiye Ghaeni; Ahmad Nikravan
Abstract
Compared to the individual training method, pair and participatory training method are methods in which people in groups of two or more contribute learning motor skills, and it seems that this method has the characteristics of an optimal educational environment increasing the efficiency and effectiveness ...
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Compared to the individual training method, pair and participatory training method are methods in which people in groups of two or more contribute learning motor skills, and it seems that this method has the characteristics of an optimal educational environment increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the training. The purpose of this study was to compare approaches of individual, pair and participatory training on learning of Shotokan karate. In this study, 36 female students aged 10-9 years were selected and divided into three groups after 12 sessions of initial training in HianShodan kata pre-test. Then, after 3 months of kata practice, by individual, pair and participatory practice, their performance was evaluated and a retention test was taken one week later. Statistical analysis of data was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance test. The test results showed that the participants' progress scores (F = 174.14, P = 0.001), the interaction of progress in the type of exercise (F = 5.1724, P = 0.001) and the difference between the exercise groups (F = 6.08, P = 0.006) is significant. The results of pairwise comparison showed that there is significant difference between individual and pair education groups; but difference between individual and group education groups was not significant. The pair training method, in addition to being cost-effective in terms of energy consumption and training space, is more effective than traditional kata training methods in karate. In addition, this method of practice will be useful in the socio-emotional development of the learner.
Valiollah Kashani; Mansoreh Azari; Ahmad Nikravan
Abstract
The special skill is highly specific skill embedded within a more general class of skills or, as a dictionary definition would suggest, an exception to the rule. The present study attempted to investigate the emergence of especial skill in shooting with air gun at two skill levels (skilled, novice). ...
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The special skill is highly specific skill embedded within a more general class of skills or, as a dictionary definition would suggest, an exception to the rule. The present study attempted to investigate the emergence of especial skill in shooting with air gun at two skill levels (skilled, novice). The population studied here included all male and female shooters from the city of Semnan. The study was conducted on a sample of 40 shooters, consisting of two groups of women with the mean age of M= 21.33 and two groups of men with the mean age of M= 23.44, who performed shooting with air gun at five distances (8, 9, 10, 11, 12 meters) from the target. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables, and figures) as well as inferential statistics (regression and one-way analysis of variance). Simple linear regression with the significance level P
Raziyeh Shakarami; Ahmad Nikravan; Fatemeh Rezaee
Abstract
The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication ...
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The Effect of Sensory-Motor Integration Training With Help of Interested Parent on Balance in Autism Children AbstractThe pervasive development disorders is one of the most common cases is autism. This disorders include a group of psychological disorders in which social interaction skills and communication skills have been destroyed. With consider to high costs of treatment for autism, the use of alternative therapies suitable for autistic patients, especially children, and improving their quality of life is one of great importance. The aim of the present research is to determine the impact of course of sensory-motor integration training with help of interested parent to improve balance improvement of children suffering from autism. For this purpose, 24 autism children aged 6-10 years selected to this study and participated to sensory-motor training for 10 weeks. Participants asked to 2 stages of pre-test and post-test for balance skill. They were evaluated based on Laklak and Tandem Gait test. In order to analyze the effects of the research protocol, the analysis of variance with repeated measure and the scheffe post-hoc test was used at the significant level of P≤0.05. The results showed that sensory - motor integrity training significantly improved the static and dynamic balance skill and parent-centered approach have had higher benefits in improving dynamic balance with positive effects through manipulation of psychological features such as sense of belonging and solidarity, motivation and higher assurance.
Ahmad Nikravan; Valiollah Kashani; Elahe Mostafaifar
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of sleep deprivation and retroactive interference on offline learning in tennis simulated game. Based on the questionnaires related to the variables under study, 50 female students of Semnan University (age range 19-25 years) were selected as the sample ...
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This study aimed at investigating the effect of sleep deprivation and retroactive interference on offline learning in tennis simulated game. Based on the questionnaires related to the variables under study, 50 female students of Semnan University (age range 19-25 years) were selected as the sample and divided into 5 groups: perfect sleep, sleep deprivation, perfect sleep and retroactive interference, sleep deprivation and retroactive intervention and training with rest interval less than 1 hour. A tennis simulated game (with rules and scoring similar to a real game) was performed to measure offline learning. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures were used for inferential statistics at a significance level (P≤0.05). The results showed that the differences in offline learning (Sig=0.001) and retention scores (Sig=0.001) were significant among the research groups. In those groups with sufficient rest intervals between each two sessions and full rest, the level of their performance was higher in the next day than the previous day. Opposite effects were observed with sleep deprivation and retroactive interference. Therefore, those who are learning a skill should pay attention to their daily activities and sleep patterns to prevent a disruption to skill learning and to take advantage of their practices.
Ahmad Nikravan; Rasool Hemayat talab; Fazlollah Bagherzadeh
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of weight and force is one of the most important factors to organize and perform reaction time (RT) tasks. The elderly are involved in this variable when they gain weight. The present study was designed to examine the effect of limb weight gain on premotor and motor components of ...
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Abstract
The effect of weight and force is one of the most important factors to organize and perform reaction time (RT) tasks. The elderly are involved in this variable when they gain weight. The present study was designed to examine the effect of limb weight gain on premotor and motor components of simple and discriminative reaction time in young and elderly men. Subjects (16 young and 16 elderly) were asked to perform forearm flexion in response to auditory (simple and discriminative) stimuli. The weight of the involved limb increased (1.2 kg) in 50% of trials and reaction time and muscle tension were measured by electromyogram apparatus in all trials. The results showed that the main effects of all three factors of limb weight gain, increasing number of stimuli and age on premotor component were significant. The effect of the increased number of stimuli from simple to discriminative was not significant in the motor component (P=0.77). However, the interactive effects between limb weight gain and age was significant (P=0.002). These results suggested that those variables that cause variation in limb inertia and generally motor components not only involve motor component but also influence a part of premotor processes simultaneously.
Rasoul Hemayattalab; Javad Afshari; Ahmad Nikravan; Ramin Baloochi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, , Pages 75-89
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index on fundamental motor skills performance in 7-8-year-old boys in Hamedan. Forthis purpose, 72 elementary students were selected via cluster randomization from the elementary schools of Hamedan and divided into three groups: fat, ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index on fundamental motor skills performance in 7-8-year-old boys in Hamedan. Forthis purpose, 72 elementary students were selected via cluster randomization from the elementary schools of Hamedan and divided into three groups: fat, normal, and thin according to percentile diagram. Then, TGMD-2 was performed by children and data were analyzed via K-S, Leven test and ANOVA. The results indicated a significant difference in hop, broad jump and over arm throw and no difference in run and catch subscales. The post hoc test indicated that the normal group performed hop, broad jump and over arm throw better than fat group. In addition, thin group performed broad jump and over arm throw better than fat group. Presumably, the inverse relationship between high body mass index basic motor skills relate to mechanical and recognition factors, components of movement, moving body mass, component coordination and motion range.
Rasoul Hemayat talab; Ahmad Nikravan; Ahmad Jafari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2009, , Pages 5-19
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pf weight-bearing exercise and calcium supplement invention programs on femur bone mineral density in children. For this purpose, 32 subjects were selected voluntarily from Rahe Zafar kindergarten. These children had the intervention program for ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pf weight-bearing exercise and calcium supplement invention programs on femur bone mineral density in children. For this purpose, 32 subjects were selected voluntarily from Rahe Zafar kindergarten. These children had the intervention program for 5 months. Calcium consumption questionnaire and density evaluation apparatus (DEXA) were used to collect the data. One-way ANOVA and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data. The mean difference between pre and post test was significant in all groups (weight-bearing exercise and calcium consumption t=4.919, sig=0.002; weight-bearing exercise t=6.232, sig=0.00; calcium consumption t=7.86, sig=0.00; and control t=5.499, sig=0.002). Totally, the comparison of BMD scores in groups showed a significant difference in mean scores of all groups (F=3.981, sig=0.019.) Tukey test showed a significant mean difference between 1 and 2 groups with control group. These results emphasized that childhood and adolescence play a crucial role in forming bones. They also emphasized this theory about bones that: “Bones respond to receiving loads by enhancing minerals”.