Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Peyman Honarmand; Rasool Hemayat talab; Mohammad Khabiri; Hassan Gharayagh zandi
Abstract
.Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the role of meta-motivational dominance in predicting competitive anxiety and salivary cortisol in elite track and field athletes.Methods: Ninety elite track and field athletes participated in this study. The Goal-Oriented Dominance Scale was used to ...
Read More
.Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the role of meta-motivational dominance in predicting competitive anxiety and salivary cortisol in elite track and field athletes.Methods: Ninety elite track and field athletes participated in this study. The Goal-Oriented Dominance Scale was used to measure and identify meta-motivational dominance, and the Persian version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used to assess cognitive and somatic anxiety as well as self-confidence. Additionally, salivary cortisol levels were measured using a salivary cortisol ELISA assay kit. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and independent samples t-test. Results: The results indicated a significant positive correlation between meta-motivational dominance and cognitive-somatic anxiety as well as salivary cortisol levels, and a significant negative correlation with self-confidence. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that meta-motivational dominance predicted 72% of the variance in cognitive-somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and salivary cortisol levels.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, meta-motivational dominance is associated with competitive anxiety and salivary cortisol levels. Specifically, the more goal-oriented individuals are, the higher their levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety and salivary cortisol, and the lower their self-confidence. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches pay close attention to the role and importance of meta-motivational patterns and emotional states in athletes, and provide conditions for recognizing meta-motivational dominance and negative emotions.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
ahmad Ghotbi Varzaneh; hamed fahimi; Khajavi Daryoush
Abstract
Introduction: Children with developmental coordination disorder exhibit weaknesses in performing and tracking aiming-catching tasks. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of visual occlusion on aiming-catching skills and quiet eye duration in children with developmental coordination disorder. Methods: ...
Read More
Introduction: Children with developmental coordination disorder exhibit weaknesses in performing and tracking aiming-catching tasks. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of visual occlusion on aiming-catching skills and quiet eye duration in children with developmental coordination disorder. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, which was conducted with a repeated measurement design, 26 children with developmental coordination disorder with an age range of 7 to 9 years were selected from among the girls and boys with developmental coordination disorder in Khorasgan Welfare and Rehabilitation Center of Isfahan. The participants threw 10 balls towards the wall and simultaneously catching the return ball under three conditions of full vision, initial occlusion, and late occlusion. At the same time as throwing and receiving the ball, the eye movements of the participants were recorded by a eye tracking device, as well as their performance score. The data were analyzed by within group analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: The results showed that the performance of aiming-catching skills and the length of the quiet eye period in the conditions of initial occlusion and late occlusion were significantly weakened compared to the conditions without occlusion (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that initial occlusion caused further weakening of aiming and catching skills as well as a shorter period of quiet eye compared to late occlusion (P<0.05).Conclusion: In general, the results of the present research support the role of the pre-programming system in the implementation of aiming and catching skills in children with developmental coordination disorders.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Nazli ilchizadeh; Mohammadtagi Agdasi; Zahra Fathirezaie
Abstract
Introduction: Executive functions control, direct, and coordinate cognitive processes. This research aimed to compare the electrical activity of different brain regions during implicit and explicit learning of a motor skill in teenage girls with cold executive functions.Methods: The research method was ...
Read More
Introduction: Executive functions control, direct, and coordinate cognitive processes. This research aimed to compare the electrical activity of different brain regions during implicit and explicit learning of a motor skill in teenage girls with cold executive functions.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design. Twenty girls aged 12 to 14 years were selected purposefully based on their scores on CogLab tests and assigned to two Explicit Learning and Implicit Learning groups. In the pre-test phase, participants performed 15 dart throws while brain waves were recorded using an EEG device. Then, both groups participated in 60-minute training sessions for five consecutive days, based on different instructional approaches. After completing the training, a retention and a transfer test were conducted on the sixth day. The results were analyzed using MATLAB, SPSS, and Excel software at a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the neural response in the form of brain wave activity across five brain regions—DLPFC, OFC, CF, Frontal, and All Frontal—was significant in the explicit learning group but not significant in the implicit learning group.Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be said that the explicit learning method causes positive changes at the level of the cerebral cortex, whereas implicit learning requires long-term strengthening. Therefore, explicit learning can be an effective short-term intervention to modulate brain activity and facilitate motor skill learning in individuals with cold executive functions.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Mohammad Reza Shahabi Kaseb; Shima Mohammadpour; rasool zeidabadi; Ensieh Sadat Askari Tabar
Abstract
Introduction: During their careers, sports referees are influenced by various internal and external factors and have different and diverse lived experiences that can affect their performance. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the psycho-social experiences of sports referees.Methods: ...
Read More
Introduction: During their careers, sports referees are influenced by various internal and external factors and have different and diverse lived experiences that can affect their performance. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the psycho-social experiences of sports referees.Methods: In terms of methodology, this research is in the field of qualitative studies of the phenomenological type. The participants in the research included male and female referees in different team sports disciplines in 1400-1401, who had at least three years of judging experience in provincial leagues up to national professional leagues. The participants in the study were selected through purposeful sampling. Sampling continued until the stage of reaching saturation, and finally, 20 referees from different fields participated in the research. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the qualitative data, the seven-step Colisei method was used. Also, to avoid bias and convergence, multi-strain (data, researcher) was utilized.Results: Based on the analysis of the findings of the present research, there are three main themes related to pleasant experiences, including problem-oriented coping strategies, using mental skills, and mental resilience/toughness. Additionally, three main themes related to unpleasant experiences were identified, including job stress, cognitive anxiety, and depression.Conclusion: The results have shown that the work of refereeing has had both pleasant and unpleasant psychological and social effects on Iranian referees.Therefore, awareness and mutual understanding of these experiences can be the basis for necessary decisions by managers and sports officials of the country.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Farzane Barmaki; Mehdi Sohrabi; Aireza Saberi Kakhki
Abstract
Introduction: Dyslexia is a learning disorder that impairs children's ability to read, write, and process information. Research indicates that organized physical activities can significantly aid their management. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a selected movement program on reading comprehension ...
Read More
Introduction: Dyslexia is a learning disorder that impairs children's ability to read, write, and process information. Research indicates that organized physical activities can significantly aid their management. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a selected movement program on reading comprehension and reading performance in dyslexic students aged 7 to 9 years.
Methods: The study population consisted of all 7 to 9-year-old dyslexic students in Ferdows County. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Selected Training, Experimental, and Control. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and control group was employed. The intervention was implemented in both training groups, while the control group received no training. The selected program was designed based on the Blythe approach (attention, balance, and coordination) and lasted for four weeks. One day before the intervention, all participants completed the Reading and Dyslexia Test (NEMA) and a reading comprehension test. The two training groups attended 12 sessions (70 minutes each) over four weeks (10 minutes warm-up, 50 minutes circuit practice, and 10 minutes cool-down). Data was analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the Selected Training Group significantly outperformed both the Experimental Group and the Control Group in comprehension and reading performance on the post-test (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the Blythe-based selected movement program effectively improved both comprehension and reading skills in dyslexic children. These results support the use of structured physical activity programs, particularly those incorporating attention, balance, and coordination training, as an effective intervention for managing dyslexia.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Aysen Habibly; Ali Mostafaloo; Abedin Khosravi
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of group games and creativity on the shyness, anxiety and creativity of preschool children in Gonbad Kavus city.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study and field study with a pre-test and ...
Read More
Background: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of group games and creativity on the shyness, anxiety and creativity of preschool children in Gonbad Kavus city.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study and field study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population of this research was made up of six-year-old preschool children in Gonbadkavoos city in the academic year of 1401-1402. For this purpose, 30 six-year-old preschool children were selected as volunteers and available. Participants were randomly divided into three groups of 10 (group games group, creativity- based games group, and control group). Both experimental groups participated in 8 weeks and two sessions each week, each session lasting 45 minutes. In order to collect data before the implementation and after the completion of the intervention, Spence Anxiety Questionnaire (2003), Stanford Shyness Questionnaire (2008) and Torrance Creativity Questionnaire (1979) were used and for data analysis One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used.Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of shyness, anxiety and creativity (P<0.001) and group games and creativity-based games promoted creativity and reduced shyness and anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, that, in addition to the usual interventions for students, a variety of group and creativity-based games should be used to promote creativity and reduce shyness and anxiety.
Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Seyed Hassan Mousavi; Sayed Esmaeil Hosseininejad; Mansoureh Shahraki
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of gait training with Somatosensory rhythmic stimulation on the muscle activity of the lower limbs of the elderly.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 29 elderly individuals (mean age: 71.68 ± 4.35; mean weight: ...
Read More
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of gait training with Somatosensory rhythmic stimulation on the muscle activity of the lower limbs of the elderly.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 29 elderly individuals (mean age: 71.68 ± 4.35; mean weight: 69.2 ± 5.74; mean height: 166.2 ± 6.52) were selected using available and targeted sampling. They were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (16 individuals receiving walking training with Somatosensory rhythmic stimulation) and a control group (13 individuals without any training). The training sessions were conducted for 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week lasting 30 minutes each. Muscle activity data was collected using electromyography in pre-test and post-test stages. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance statistical method at a significance level of 0.05.Findings: The activity of the vastus lateralis muscle significantly decreased during the loading response and swing phase (P<0.05). Additionally, the Tibialis anterior muscles showed a significant increase in the loading response phase and mid-stance, while the Gastrocnemius muscle showed increased activity in the propulsive phase following training with Somatosensory rhythmic stimulation to enhance walking performance (P<0.05).Conclusion: The increased activity of the Gastrocnemius muscle likely contributes to improving ankle and knee joint dynamics. Moreover, the enhanced activity of the Tibialis anterior muscle in the first half of the stance phase suggests improved ankle stability and reduced knee loading by decreasing vastus lateralis muscle activity. Therefore, Somatosensory rhythmic stimulation exercises can be considered an effective method for enhancing elderly gait.
