Ali Zadehmohammadi; Zohreh Ahmadabadi; Somaye Ahmadabadi; Mehdi Rafeie Borojeni
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 5-24
Abstract
Substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. Most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. Traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors ...
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Substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. Most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. Traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors and a factor to protect and prevent risky behaviors. The present study studied 406 students including 271 male and 135 female students to compare the vulnerability of male and female athlete and non-athlete adolescents to risky behaviors such as smoking, drugs and alcohol. Iranian Adolescence Risk-Taking Scale (IARS) was used to measure the risk taking (Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2008). Those adolescents who have been a member of athletic teams had higher mean in subscale ‘drinking alcohol’. Those athletes who participated in provincial competitions and higher levels, those who engaged more than three sessions a week in sport teams and those athletes who attended sport camps had a higher mean. Also, there was no significant difference between individual and group sports. When explaining the higher levels of risk-taking in those who were members of athletic teams and clubs , factors such as duality, and the difficulty in playing the role of a student and an athlete simultaneously, camp condition, lack of sufficient control over members’ behaviors except when they are playing, peers’ collective norms, normative pressure to conform with various expectations of the team, lack of scientific attitude towards school athletic organizations in Iran, and concurrent influence of personality features like sensation and novelty sought in tendencies toward sport and risky behaviors can be taken into account.
Mahmoud Sheikh; Mehdi Shahbazi; Ashraf Amini; Reza Gholamalizadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 45-56
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the situation of talent identification process and to collect Karate related indexes in Iran. For this purpose, 63 karate subjects, male (N=31) and female (N=32), participated and filled in 3 special questionnaires to identify present and optimal situation ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the situation of talent identification process and to collect Karate related indexes in Iran. For this purpose, 63 karate subjects, male (N=31) and female (N=32), participated and filled in 3 special questionnaires to identify present and optimal situation of talent identification and most important aspects of biometric, motor capabilities, psychological capacity and skill indexes. The data were analyzed by Pearson coefficient correlation (P?0.05). The results showed that although the reaction time of hand and foot, flexibility, coordination, hand and foot length, agility and sergeant jump were the most important anthropometrical factors related to successful performance, but the reaction time of hand and foot, flexibility and coordination were significant predicators of discriminating athletes. In motor capabilities, the endurance of cardiovascular system played the main role and was an important predictor. In psychological capacity, two factors of concentration and self-confidence had a critical role and only concentration was a significant predictor. The results of this study showed no pattern for talent identification in Iran from coaches and athletes’ viewpoints.
Alireza Farsi; Maryam Ekradi; Zahra Asgari; Mina Gholami
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 57-73
Abstract
The present research examined the effect of different feedbacks such as blocked, random and specialized to the most difficult part of a task on acquisition and retention of badminton high service. At first, 10 expert badminton players performed 10 trial high service and 10 with probe technique to determine ...
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The present research examined the effect of different feedbacks such as blocked, random and specialized to the most difficult part of a task on acquisition and retention of badminton high service. At first, 10 expert badminton players performed 10 trial high service and 10 with probe technique to determine the most difficult part of the high service. The difference between the two scores defined the most difficult part of the skill. Then, 33 participants were assigned to one of three groups: blocked, random and specialized feedback to the most difficult part of the skill. Acquisition phase consisted of three 50-trial blocks with 10 trials at the end of each block as the acquisition test. Immediate retention was performed ten minutes after acquisition trials; delayed retention, Scott & Fox quantitative test and transfer test were performed 24 hours later. Data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA (3 Groups ? (3 tests) and one-way ANOVA. The results showed a significant difference between groups in delayed retention of whole task (??0.05). The results also showed that to learn the whole skill, random feedback would lead to better retention performance but there was no difference between groups in the most difficult part of the skill.
Rasoul Hemayattalab; Javad Afshari; Ahmad Nikravan; Ramin Baloochi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 75-89
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index on fundamental motor skills performance in 7-8-year-old boys in Hamedan. Forthis purpose, 72 elementary students were selected via cluster randomization from the elementary schools of Hamedan and divided into three groups: fat, ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index on fundamental motor skills performance in 7-8-year-old boys in Hamedan. Forthis purpose, 72 elementary students were selected via cluster randomization from the elementary schools of Hamedan and divided into three groups: fat, normal, and thin according to percentile diagram. Then, TGMD-2 was performed by children and data were analyzed via K-S, Leven test and ANOVA. The results indicated a significant difference in hop, broad jump and over arm throw and no difference in run and catch subscales. The post hoc test indicated that the normal group performed hop, broad jump and over arm throw better than fat group. In addition, thin group performed broad jump and over arm throw better than fat group. Presumably, the inverse relationship between high body mass index basic motor skills relate to mechanical and recognition factors, components of movement, moving body mass, component coordination and motion range.
Alireza Saberi; Hosien Samadi; Alireza Farsi; Korosh Ghahraman; Hamid Sedaghat
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 91-114
Abstract
This research was performed to monitor the effects of different practice schedules on learning and transfer of generalized motor program and timing parameter in a serial task. For this purpose, 80 participants (age: 19-23 years) voluntarily participated in this research and then they were divided randomly ...
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This research was performed to monitor the effects of different practice schedules on learning and transfer of generalized motor program and timing parameter in a serial task. For this purpose, 80 participants (age: 19-23 years) voluntarily participated in this research and then they were divided randomly into 4 groups: blocked, random, blocked-random and random-blocked. This test included performance of serial tasks with different generalized motor programs (spatial dimension variance) and variable timing parameter. The participants accomplished 108 trials (pretest) and participated in retention and transfer tests. After these tests, the amount of relative timing error (measure of consistency and proficiency of generalized motor program) and absolute timing error (measure of accuracy and proficiency of parameterization) was calculated. Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference (P?0.05) among practice schedules in the acquisition phase, but in transfer and retention phases, despite the relative priority of combined practice groups, there was no significant difference among the groups.
Ahmad Varzaveh; Mehdi Zarghami; Esmaeil Saemi; Hosein Molania
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 115-131
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metamotivational states on self-efficacy perceptions and motor performance in dart throwing beginners in easy and difficult conditions. For this purpose, the paratelic dominance questionnaire (Cook & Gerkovich, 1993) was distributed among 140 ...
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The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metamotivational states on self-efficacy perceptions and motor performance in dart throwing beginners in easy and difficult conditions. For this purpose, the paratelic dominance questionnaire (Cook & Gerkovich, 1993) was distributed among 140 male students, and 32 participants were randomly divided into two groups (16 in a telic group and 16 in a paratelic group). Each task consisted of three blocks of eight trials, and each trail consisted of 4 throws. Participants completed the Self-Efficacy Scale (Feltz & Chase, 1998) in their pretest and after trials 8, 16, 24. Data were analyzed with repeated measure, ANCOVA test and LSD post hoc test. The results showed a significant difference between paratelic and telic participants in self-efficacy perception (difficult task), and no significant difference in motor performance. Overall, the study only partially confirmed the reversal theory.
Gholamhosein Nazemzadegan; Fazlollah Bagherzadeh; Rasoul Hemayattalab; Alireza Farsi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 133-149
Abstract
In this study, the effect of cognitive load (CL) training on duration and accuracy of bimanual coordination (BC) task was investigated. For this purpose, athletic male students of Shiraz University were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1 with low CL, G2 with intermediate CL, G3 with high CL and G4 control. ...
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In this study, the effect of cognitive load (CL) training on duration and accuracy of bimanual coordination (BC) task was investigated. For this purpose, athletic male students of Shiraz University were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1 with low CL, G2 with intermediate CL, G3 with high CL and G4 control. The subjects practiced for 6 weeks, 3 sessions a week, 6 blocks, 12 trials. The subjects performed bimanual coordination task by Vienna test system (v=71%-84% and r=85%-96%). Independent T test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results showed that high CL affected the accuracy of bimanual coordination task. No significant difference was observed between CL groups and control group in overall duration (?=0.05). It can be concluded that if there is high CL in activities which require much attention, attention capacity may change and in skills that need attention, the task can be improved after information processing as a result of capacity change.
Rasoul Arabi; Mohammad Keshtidar; Mohammadesmaiel Afzalpour; Jafar Khoshbakhti; Mohammad Rahimi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , April 2010, Pages 25-44
Abstract
In the past 10 years, the amount of research conducted on psychological aspects of sport injury has been increasing. The purpose of this study was to predict the burnout according to the self-determined motivation in Iranian elite handball players before and after the injury. The subjects were 28 injured ...
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In the past 10 years, the amount of research conducted on psychological aspects of sport injury has been increasing. The purpose of this study was to predict the burnout according to the self-determined motivation in Iranian elite handball players before and after the injury. The subjects were 28 injured elite handball players who did not participate in competitions for 4 weeks due to their injuries. Participants completed Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1999) and an athletic burnout questionnaire (Raedeke & Smith, 2001) at the beginning of the competitive season. Paired-sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple regression test were used to analyze the data (P
