تأثیر تهدید کلیشه ای و مفاهیم توانایی بر حافظه‌کاری و یادگیری دریبل فوتبال دانش‌آموزان دختر

محمدزاده, حسن; سلطانی فر, سارا; افاضلی, زهرا

doi:10.22059/jsmdl.2025.387711.1818

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی و مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

² گروه رﻓﺘﺎر ﺣﺮکتی و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ورزشی، دانشکده ﻋﻠﻮم ورزشی، داﻧﺸگاه اروﻣﯿﻪ،اروﻣﯿﻪ ، ایران.

³ گروه رﻓﺘﺎر ﺣﺮکتی و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ورزشی، دانشکده ﻋﻠﻮم ورزشی ، داﻧﺸگاه اروﻣﯿﻪ،اروﻣﯿﻪ، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsmdl.2025.387711.1818

چکیده

مقدمه:هدف مطالعه حاضر تعیین تأثیر تهدید کلیشه ای جنسیتی و مفاهیم توانایی بر یادگیری حرکتی و حافظه کاری دختران نوجوان بود.
روش پژوهش: نود دانشآموز دختر ( میانگین سنی 14/2 و انحراف معیار(1/17) به طور تصادفی به یک گروه تهدید کلیشه ای جنسیتی و کنترل اختصاص داده شدند. گروه تهدید کلیشه ای به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تهدید کلیشه ای ضمنی (آزمونگر مرد- داور زن/آزمونگر زن- داور مرد) تقسیم شدند سپس گروه های تهدید کلیشه ای ضمنی و کنترل به طور تصادفی به زیرگروه های توانایی ذاتی و اکتسابی تقسیم شدند. تکالیف شامل دریبل فوتبال و تست ان-بک بود. در پیش آزمون، آزمودنی ها یک بلوک پنج کوششی دریبل و آزمون ان- بک انجام دادند. در حالیکه در مرحله تمرین، 12 بلوک پنج کوششی انجام شد. 48 ساعت بعد آزمونهای یادداری و انتقال اجرا شد. آزمون ان-بک نیز در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون تکمیل شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد القاء تهدید کلیشهای ذاتی و اکتسابی در جلسات تمرینی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری در عملکرد دریبل ایجاد نکرد. بااین‌حال بین نمرات زمان و خطای دریبل در یادداری و انتقال تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. از طرفی نتایج معنی‌داری از تهدید کلیشه‌ای جنسیتی و مفاهیم توانایی بر حافظه کاری نیز نشان داده نشد.
نتیجه گیری:فعال‏سازی ضمنی کلیشه‏ های جنسیتی همیشه به پیامدهای منفی منجر نمی ‏شود. اگرچه اثرات تهدید کلیشه ای قوی به نظر می رسند ممکن است با مکانیسم های متفاوت واسطه شوند بنابراین اثر تهدید کلیشه ای بر عملکرد ممکن است با چندین عامل (دشواری تکلیف، ماهیت تکلیف، تفاوتهای فردی و..) تحت تأثیر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Stereotype Threat and Conception of Ability on Working Memory and Soccer Dribbling Learning in Female Students

نویسندگان [English]

Hassan Mohammadzade ¹
Sara Soltanifar ²
Zahra Afazeli ³

¹ Department of Motor behavior and sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.

² Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

³ Department of Motor Behavior , Faculty of Sport Sciences , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of gender stereotype threat and conceptions of ability on motor performance and working memory in adolescent girls.
Methods: Ninety female students (mean age = 14.02 years, SD = 1.17) were randomly assigned to a gender stereotype threat group and a control group. The stereotype threat group was further randomly divided into two implicit stereotype-threat subgroups (male examiner–female referee / female examiner–male referee). Subsequently, the implicit stereotype threat subgroups and the control group were randomly assigned to the inherent- and acquired-ability subgroups. The tasks included soccer dribbling and the n‑back test. In the pretest, participants performed one block of five trials of dribbling and the n‑back test. During the practice phase, 12 blocks of five trials were completed. Forty‑eight hours later, retention and transfer tests were administered. The N‑back test was also completed in the pretest and posttest.
Results: The results showed that the induction of inherent and acquired stereotype threat during the acquisition phase did not produce a significant difference in dribbling performance compared to the control group. However, a significant difference was observed in the time and error scores of dribbling in the retention and transfer tests. On the other hand, no significant effects of gender stereotype threat or ability conceptions were found on working memory.
Conclusion: Implicit activation of gender stereotypes does not always lead to negative consequences. Although the effects of stereotype threat appear to be strong, they may be mediated by different mechanisms. Thus, the effect of stereotype threat on performance may be influenced by several factors (task difficulty, task nature, individual differences, etc.).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Keywords: Motor Skill
Stereotype Threat
Working Memory

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